Creating Minds: An Anatomy of Creativity Seen Through the Lives of Freud, Einstein, Picasso, Stravinsky, Eliot, Graham, and Gandhi

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Gardner Howard E Creating Minds An Anatomy of Creativity Seen Through the Lives of Freud Einstein Picasso Stravinsky Eliot Graham and Gandhi Basic Books (2011) Praise......Page 9 OTHER BOOKS BY HOWARD GARDNER......Page 13 Title Page......Page 2 Dedication......Page 14 Acknowledgments......Page 15 Preface......Page 17 PART I - INTRODUCTION......Page 36 1 - CHANCE ENCOUNTERS IN WARTIME ZURICH......Page 37 SEVEN CREATIVE THINKERS......Page 38 THE PURPOSES OF THIS BOOK......Page 42 ORGANIZING THEMES......Page 45 THE STUDY OF CONTEMPORARIES......Page 52 THE ILLUMINATION OF AN ERA......Page 54 THE MODERN ERA......Page 55 THE STUDY OF CREATIVITY SHADOWS THE STUDY OF INTELLIGENCE......Page 61 COGNITIVE APPROACHES TO CREATIVITY......Page 63 APPROACHES IN TERMS OF PERSONALITY AND MOTIVATION......Page 67 THE HISTORIOMETRIC APPROACH......Page 71 MY APPROACH TO CREATIVITY......Page 73 ORGANIZING THEMES REVISITED......Page 76 ORGANIZING FRAMEWORK......Page 78 ISSUES FOR EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION......Page 94 EMERGING THEMES......Page 96 PART II - THE CREATORS OF THE MODERN ERA......Page 100 3 - SIGMUND FREUD: ALONE WITH THE WORLD......Page 101 THE FIRST DISCIPLES......Page 103 BACKGROUND AND EARLY CHILDHOOD......Page 104 FREUD’S UNIVERSAL GIFTS......Page 106 A “FIRST” CAREER IN NEUROLOGY......Page 109 CHARCOT AND THE MOVEMENT TO PSYCHIATRY......Page 112 LONELINESS AND CONFIDANTS......Page 118 THE DOMAIN AND FIELD ON THE EVE OF FREUD’S BREAKTHROUGH......Page 122 THE KEY IDEAS OF THE FREUDIAN REVOLUTION......Page 124 THE INTERPRETATION OF DREAMS: FREUD IN 1900......Page 136 THE VIENNESE SETTING......Page 141 FREUD AS A LEADER: BROADENING OF THE NETWORK......Page 144 4 - ALBERT EINSTEIN: THE PERENNIAL CHILD......Page 156 PUZZLES OF CHILDHOOD......Page 157 MASTERING THE DOMAIN......Page 164 THE SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND: FROM GALILEO TO LORENTZ......Page 167 EINSTEIN’S “OBJECT-CENTERED” MIND......Page 176 THE SPECIAL YEAR AND THE SPECIAL THEORY......Page 184 RELATIVITY: IMMEDIATE FATE......Page 194 BECOMING A WORLD FIGURE: TWO STRUGGLES......Page 200 THE GENERAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY......Page 206 OUTSIDE THE MAINSTREAM......Page 209 INTUITIVE AND REFLECTIVE WISDOM......Page 211 INTERLUDE ONE......Page 220 5 - PABLO PICASSO: PRODIGIOUSNESS AND BEYOND......Page 225 THE PHENOMENON OF THE PRODIGY......Page 226 PICASSO AS PRODIGY......Page 229 THE YOUNG ARTIST IN PARIS......Page 239 LES DEMOISELLES D’AVIGNON: TOWARD AN AVOWEDLY EXPERIMENTAL STYLE......Page 250 THE PARTNERSHIP THAT MADE CUBISM......Page 258 AFTER CUBISM: LIFE AS CELEBRITY......Page 272 GUERNICA: THE SELF-DECLARED MASTERPIECE......Page 277 AN AGED PRODIGY......Page 288 6 - IGOR STRAVINSKY: THE POETICS AND POLITICS OF MUSIC......Page 297 THE POLITICAL FACE OF CREATION......Page 298 A RUSSIAN CHILDHOOD......Page 300 MUSIC AT THE CENTER......Page 303 EARLY TRIUMPHS AND A FATEFUL ENCOUNTER......Page 306 THE BALLET MASTERED: THE FIREBIRD AND PETROUCHKA......Page 309 LE SACRE DU PRINTEMPS: COMPOSING SOUND FOR A NEW CENTURY......Page 315 LE SACRE DU PRINTEMPS: THE PERFORMANCE AND THE AFTERMATH......Page 321 FROM POETICS TO POLITICS......Page 327 LES NOCES: A DIFFERENT KIND OF MASTERPIECE......Page 333 A FRESH RELATION TO THE MUSIC OF THE PAST......Page 337 THE MATURE THINKER AND PERSON......Page 341 FINAL MASTERY......Page 346 THE WASTE LAND RECOVERED......Page 354 THE MANY STRANDS IN ELIOT’S BACKGROUND......Page 356 OUT OF JOINT AT HARVARD......Page 358 NEW ATTEMPTS AT LIFE......Page 362 TWO POETS JOIN FORCES......Page 364 SETTLING DOWN IN EUROPE......Page 369 THE WASTE LAND: BACKGROUND AND COMPOSITION......Page 374 REACTIONS TO THE WASTE LAND......Page 380 ELIOT AS A PUBLIC PERSON......Page 384 ELIOT AS A LITERARY FIGURE IN MIDDLE LIFE......Page 388 ELIOT IN LATER LIFE......Page 395 INTERLUDE TWO......Page 403 8 - MARTHA GRAHAM: DISCOVERING THE DANCE OF AMERICA......Page 408 THE DOMAIN OF DANCE AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY......Page 409 MARTHA GRAHAM’S AMERICA AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY......Page 411 A NOVEL CAREER......Page 414 THE NEW DANCE......Page 417 THE AMBIENCE OF THE MODERN DANCE DOMAIN......Page 421 THE FIELD PROMOTES MODERN DANCE......Page 423 ATTEMPTS AT COLLABORATION......Page 426 MARTHA GRAHAM’S DANCING IN THE EARLY 1930s......Page 428 AN AMERICAN PHASE......Page 434 PEAKS AND VALLEYS OF CLASSICAL PROPORTIONS......Page 445 A LIFE IN DANCE......Page 454 DECLINE AND RENEWAL......Page 463 GRAHAM’S ACHIEVEMENTS......Page 467 9 - MAHATMA GANDHI: A HOLD UPON OTHERS......Page 472 INDIA UNDER BRITISH RULE......Page 473 GANDHI, A MORALISTIC CHILD......Page 474 A CASCADE OF LIFE OPTIONS......Page 478 MATURING IN SOUTH AFRICA......Page 481 LEARNING THE LAY OF THE LAND IN INDIA......Page 489 THE PRINCIPLES OF SATYAGRAHA......Page 499 THE PERSONAL SIDE OF GANDHI......Page 507 A NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LEADER......Page 517 LAST YEARS: THE MAN AND THE LEGEND......Page 526 INTERLUDE THREE......Page 533 PART III - CONCLUSION......Page 537 REVISITING THE ORGANIZING FRAMEWORK......Page 538 A PORTRAIT OF THE EXEMPLARY CREATOR......Page 539 MAJOR ISSUES: A REPRISE......Page 543 ASYNCHRONIES ASSESSED......Page 568 THE TWO EMERGING THEMES......Page 573 REMAINING QUESTIONS......Page 578 EPILOGUE:......Page 583 NOTES......Page 604 BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 660 NAME INDEX......Page 685 SUBJECT INDEX......Page 704 Copyright Page......Page 716