New Urban Immigrants: The Korean Community in New York

Description

Insofar as the new immigration is both structurally and functionally distinct from the old immigration of peasants and artisans, the author dispenses with the traditional paradigm of a folk-to-urban transition and focuses instead on such macroscopic features as the internal political and economic problems, social structure, and foreign policy of the homeland; on the international trade, economic structure, and immigration policy of the host country; and on the special qualities of immigrants who are urban, educated, and middle class. Originally published in 1981. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905. Cover Contents List of Tables Acknowledgments The Transliteration of Korean Words A Note on Sources Introduction Part I The Korean Immigration to the United States 1: United States Immigration Law as It Affects Koreans The Older Immigrants The Immigration Act of 1965 and the New Immigrants The Connection Between Immigration Policy and Labor Policy Social and Economic Characteristics of Korean Immigrants Entry Mechanisms Cultural and Political Push-Factors Selective Characteristics Settlement Patterns The Immigrant Family Conclusion 2: The Formulation of South Korean Emigration Policy The Population Explosion as a Push Factor The Classification of Emigrants The South Korean Reaction to the Immigration Act of 1965 The Role of Emigration Companies The Flight of Dollars from South Korea Conclusion 3: South Korean Urbanization and Economic Development as They Affect Emigration The Overurbanization of South Korea The Agrarian Crisis The Economic Push from "Rice Paddies to Factories" The Magnetic Pull of Primary Cities The Educational Migration President Park's Political Economy The Export-Oriented Economy The Economic Basis of the Export-Oriented Economy The Labor Policy of the South Korean Government The Impact of Exporting on the South Korean Class Structure The Formation of the Upper Industrial Class The Reaction to Rapid Economic Development Conclusion Part II Economic Bases of the Korean Community in the New York Metropolitan Area 4: Small Business as an Entry Point for Korean Immigrants The Shift to Commercial Enterprises Classification of Korean Business Enterprises Running the Newest Businesses The Fruit and Vegetable Business: A Case Study The Emergence of Korean Greengrocers The Three Causal Factors Intraethnic Conflict Interethnic Conflict The Greengrocery Business as a Means of Capital Accumulation The Wig Industry in Both South Korea and the United States: A Case Study The Impact of American Fashion The Emergence of Korean Wig-Manufacturers The "Putting-Out" System The Decline of the Wig Industry in Korea The Entry of Korean Immigrants into the Wig Business The Wig Industry in America Intraethnic Conflict over the Wig Market The Intervention of the South Korean Government Wig Peddlers The Ambivalence of Korean Wig-Merchants Consequences of the Wig Business Conclusion 5: The Mobility of South Korean Medical Professionals The Influx of Korean Medical Professionals Pull Factors in American Medical Institutions The Marginal Role of Asian Medical Professionals Adjustment Patterns of Korean Medical Professionals The Development of South Korean Medicine as It Affects International Mobility and Migration The Impact of the "Medical Exodus" on South Korean Medicine Immigration Law and the Life Chances of Korean-American Physicians Conclusion Part III The Emergence of a Korean Community Introduction: The Korean Community in the New York Metropolitan Area The Phenomenological Base The Founding Fathers The New Wave of Immigrants The Nonterritorial Basis of the Community 6: The Church as a Basis for the Community The Emergence of Korean Churches Christianity in Korea Churches as the Grass-Roots Community The Geographical Dispersion of Korean Churches Changes in Church Membership The Dominance of Professionals in Lay Life Small Businesses and Church Life The Age Distribution of Church Members Church Affiliation in the Homeland and the United States Nondenominational Protestant Churches Immigration Policy and the Proliferation of Churches The Church as a Pseudo Extended-Family The Church as a Broker The Emerging Lay Leadership and the Politics of Church Governance The Ambivalence of the Churches Toward Material Success Conclusion 7: Secondary Associations of the Korean Community The Scope of Secondary Associations The Korean-American Pseudo Extended-Family The Origins and Focus of Secondary Associations: Homeland vs. New Land Alumni Associations Medical Professionals' Associations Organizational Patterns Common to Korean-American Professionals' Associations Korean Associations Focused on Purely Intraethnic Activities The Korean Scientists' and Engineers' Association—An Exception Korean Associations Focused on American Issues Conclusion 8: The Politics of the Korean Community The South Korean Government as a Community Organization The Role of the KCIA in the Community The Korean Association as "Community Government" Schisms in the "Community Government" The Korean Cultural Center The Korean Community Foundation The Korean Association of Greater New York as an Umbrella Organization Homeland Politics and Community Leadership Conflict and Cleavage in the Korean Association The Effect of the "Koreagate" Scandal and of Rev. Moon of New York's Koreans The Rise of Indigenous Politics KAPA and Korean Participation in Domestic Politics The Korean Response to Black Anti-Koreanism Conclusion 9: Ethnic Media as a Mechanism of Community Integration The Ethnic Media The Two Daily Newspapers The Roles of the Two Daily Newspapers Social Integration Issue Definition Relationship to the Home Government Involvement in Community Politics Conclusion Part IV The Basis of the New York Korean Community in the Historical Development of Korea 10: The Origin of the Character Structure of Korean Immigrants The External Factors of Korean History The Korean State Bureaucracy Class and Status in Yi Society Mobility Patterns of the Yi Classes The Primitive Capitalism of Yi Society The Impact of the State Bureaucracy on the Formation of the Korean Character Confucianism as a Source of the Korean Character Conclusion Conclusion: The Future of the Korean Community in the New York Metropolitan Area Selective Bibliography Index