Social Norms, Gender and Collective Behaviour: Development Paradigms in India

Description

This book explores the nature and type of prevalent collective behavior that influences women empowerment, women workforce participation and behavior change in sanitation. The influence of collective norms and customs have been investigated through a series of studies throughout India. There are very few research works on understanding social norms that distinguishes it from a range of other collective behaviors. This understanding would not only improve analytical clarity on collective behavior in general and social norms in particular, in the context of gender and sanitation, but also improve development practice in these areas. This book is also novel as it would expound the social network in the context of sanitation behavior in India. The tools and techniques discussed in the book are replicable and hence would be helpful for other researchers and development practitioners to analyse other collective behaviours. Acknowledgements Contents List of Figures List of Tables 1 Introduction: Institutions and Social Norms 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Social Norms, Social Capital and Institutions 1.3 Institutions 1.4 Social Norms 1.5 Development of Institutions 1.6 The Role of Institutions 1.7 Institutionalization Process 1.8 Institutional Change 1.9 Study on Implications of Norms References 2 Understanding Social Norms 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Collective Behaviour and Social Norms 2.3 Collective Action and Evolution of Social Norms 2.4 Change of Norms References 3 Social Norms and Women Workforce Participation 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Social Norms and Gender Norms 3.3 Conceptual Framework 3.4 Methodology 3.5 Socio-Economic Profile of the Respondents 3.6 Customs 3.7 Moral Norms 3.8 Descriptive Norms 3.9 Social Norms 3.10 Discussion and Conclusion References 4 Gender and Agriculture: Cases of Woman Participation in Rural Odisha 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Overview of Literature 4.3 Conceptual Framework 4.4 Methodology 4.4.1 Study Area 4.5 Socio-Economic Profile of the Study Villages 4.6 Demographic Profile of the Respondents in the Villages 4.7 Norms Affecting Women Participation in Agricultural Activities 4.8 Customs 4.8.1 Ploughing Is Not a Feminine Task 4.8.2 Homecare Is Women’s Primary Task 4.8.3 Women Are Not Owners of the Land 4.9 Moral Norms 4.9.1 Childcare Is Women’s First Duty 4.9.2 Women Work Only in the Absence of Men 4.10 Descriptive Norms 4.10.1 Women Face Wage Discrimination 4.10.2 Women Don’t Take Agricultural Decisions 4.11 Social Norms 4.11.1 Higher Caste Women Don’t Work as Agricultural Labourers 4.11.2 Women from Lower Caste Are Hired as Agricultural Labourers 4.11.3 Women Are Not Paid to Work in Their Own Family Land 4.12 Household Decision-Making by Woman 4.13 Discussion and Conclusion References 5 Reference Network and Sanitation Norms 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Structure of a Reference Network 5.3 Methodology 5.4 Analysis and Results 5.4.1 Size of the Reference Networks 5.4.2 Structural Properties of the Reference Networks 5.4.3 Inter and Intra-Group Connections 5.5 Discussion and Conclusion References 6 Sanitation and Social Norms: A Study on Villages in Gujarat and West Bengal 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Methodology 6.2.1 Reference Network 6.3 Socio-Economic Characteristics 6.4 Access and Use of Toilet 6.5 Sanitation and Social Norms 6.5.1 Personal Normative Beliefs 6.5.2 Empirical Expectations 6.5.3 Normative Expectations 6.6 Response to the Vignettes 6.6.1 Vignette 1 6.6.2 Vignette 2 6.7 Discussion and Conclusion References 7 Collective Behaviour and Development Management: Policy Response to Social Norms and Behaviour Change 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Public Policy and Social Change 7.3 An Action Framework for Managing Development Policy—Context of Sanitation References Index