The Modern State and Its Enemies: Democracy, Nationalism and Antisemitism

Description

The Modern State and Its Enemies considers the historical intellectual developments that provided the fundaments of the modern state, informed the key theoretical questions arising in the democratic context, and shaped the relationship between (state) sovereignty and (individual) liberty. The modern state as a nation-state is thus based on the relationship between its territory, its people and its sovereign authority. As a result, nationalism and minorities policy are issues that are key to the state’s self-conception. But historically, these have also been repeatedly used as weapons against the state, manifesting in separatism, irredentism and antidemocratic agitation. Both antisemitism and right-wing extremism have always stood in opposition to the democratic state and continue to do so. Antisemitism in particular is antithetical to modernity as it fundamentally rejects equality and individual liberty. This book presents its arguments in theoretical, historical and sociological terms, with a particular focus on examples from the German context. Cover Front Matter Half-title Title page Copyright information Table of Contents Chapters 1-11 1Introduction State Theory and Democracy 2 Immortalizing the Mortal God: Hobbes, Schmitt and the Ambivalent Foundations of the Modern State State and Myth Leviathan and Behemoth in Hobbes: Symbols of Ambivalence Leviathan and Behemoth in Schmitt: Symbols of Identity Leviathan, Behemoth and New Perspectives in the Theory of State 3 Guardian of Democracy? Theoretical Aspects of Police Roles and Functions in Democracy Method(s) Theory: Security as a Prerequisite for Democracy Discussion: Ten Theses on the Relationship between Police and Democracy Conclusion 4 The Will of the People? Carl Schmitt and Jean-Jacques Rousseau on a Key Question in Democratic Theory The Agenda of Identity: Rousseau and the Dilemma of Representation The Will as Identity: Schmitt and the Turn toward Dictatorship The Will of the People: But Which Takes Precedence, the Will or the People? 5 No Sovereignty without Freedom: Machiavelli, Hobbes and the Global Order in the Twenty-First Century Sovereignty and the Ambiguities of the Global Order Machiavelli and Sovereignty without Morality Hobbes and Sovereignty’s Potential for Freedom State Sovereignty and Its (Self-)Limitations Nationalism and Minorities 6 The Concept of Ethnic Minorities: International Law and the German-Austrian Response On the Origins of International Protection for National Minorities Minorities Protection Conceptualizations in International Law after World War I The Ethnical Response to Minorities Conflicts: Volksgruppenrecht The Ethnicist Attack on International Minorities Laws Summary 7 Carl Schmitt’s Legacy in International Law: Volksgruppenrecht Theory and European Grossraum Ideas from the End of World War II Into the Present Day Carl Schmitt and the Grossraum Order in International Law Schmitt’s Postwar Legacy: Volksgruppen Theory and Grossraum Thought in Europe The Grossraum Concepts of Volksgruppenrecht Theory Grossraum Order and European Integration 8 The German Myth of a Victim Nation: (Re)presenting Germans as Victims in the Debate on Their Flight and Expulsion from Easter Europe Antisemitism and Right-Wing Extremism 9 Antisemitism in Eastern Europe: Theoretical Reflections in Comparative Perspective The Ideology of Antisemitism Antisemitism and Modernity Eastern European Perspectives 10 Right-Wing Extremism and Right-Wing Populism: Conceptual Foundations At the Core: An Ideology of Inequality Ethnonationalist and “Culturalist” Thought Right-Wing Populism as a Strategy of Right-Wing Extremism 11 Renaissance of the New Right in Germany? A Discussion of New Right Elements in German Right-Wing Extremism Today The Emergence, Ideology and Strategy of the New Right The Rise and Fall of the New Right The New Rise of the New Right: Strategies between Metapolitics and the Pursuit of Cultural Hegemony Intellectualization through Metapolitics: The Paradigm of Unconditionally Eschewing Parliamentarianism Cultural Hegemony: The Paradigm of the Unconditional Pursuit of Influence Conclusion: Does the New Right Still Exist—or Exist Again—in Germany? End Matter Bibliography List of First Publications Index