Designing microwave circuits by exact synthesis

Description

This practical book presents a Universal Design Procedure that can be applied to virtually all types of passive, active, linear, or nonlinear microwave components. It allows you to leave the complexities of network synthesis to computer software so that you can focus your attention on the versatility of synthesis procedures and their applications. Includes more than 170 illustrations and 230 equations. Front cover Title page Copyright Dedication Contents Preface Chapter 1 Introduction References Chapter 2 Microwave Circuit Design by Synthesis: A Universal Procedure 2.1 Outline of the Classical, Nonsynthesis Design Approach 2.2 Outline of the Universal Design Procedure Based on Exact Synthesis 2.2.1 Choosing Physical Structure 2.2.2 Identifying the Set of Transmission Zeros 2.2.3 Passband and Stopband Specifications 2.2.4 First-Stage Network Synthesis 2.2.5 Second-Stage Network Synthesis 2.2.6 Network Transformation 2.2.7 Conversion to an f Plane Equivalent Circuit 2.2.8 Physical Realization and Final Optimization 2.3 The Prototype Network Synthesis Procedures 2.3.1 Some General Terms 2.3.2 Definition of Terms for Doubly Terminated Networks 2.3.3 Definition of Terms for Singly Terminated Networks 2.3.4 Relevant Transfer Characteristics 2.3.5 Frequency Transformations 2.3.6 Generalized Ladder Network Prototypes 2.3.7 The Approximation Problem 2.3.8 The Network Extraction Problem 2.4 Network Manipulation and Transformation 2.4.1 Kuroda Identities 2.4.2 Admittance and Impedance Matrix Scaling for Ladder Networks 2.4.3 Trading Length Against Impedance in Noncommensurate Transmission Line Networks 2.5 Conversion of Prototypes to Physical Structures 2.5.1 Low-Frequency Circuits (500 MHz) 2.6 A Practical Review of the Design Procedure 2.6.1 Partitioning Circuits into Reactive Two-Ports 2.6.2 Contents of Circuit Library/Database 2.6.3 Choosing the Two-Port Network Configuration 2.6.4 Choosing Transmission Zero Locations, Degree, and Network Frequency Responses 2.6.5 Singly vs. Doubly Terminated Networks and First vs. Second Canonical Forms 2.6.6 Tips on Prototype Synthesis 2.6.7 Tips on Network Transformation 2.7 Availability of Software 2.7.1 Designer Software: The NETSYN Program 2.7.2 An Overview of the E-Syn Software Available from HP-EEsof 2.7.3 A Design Example Based on E-Syn References Chapter 3 Synthesis of High-Selectivity Printed Circuit Band-Pass Filters 3.1 Commensurate Line Filters From High-Pass S-Plane Prototypes 3.1.1 Two Simple Printed Circuit Coupled-Line Filters 3.1.2 Two Enhanced Printed Circuit Coupled-Line Filters 3.2 Noncommensurate Line Filters From Band-Pass S-Plane Prototypes 3.2.1 Design Rationale 3.2.2 A 2- to 6-GHz Band-Pass Filter with a 6- to 20-GHz Stopband References Chapter 4 Other Specialized Passive Components 4.1 Wideband Bias Ts 4.1.1 General Bias T Circuit Concepts 4.1.2 Band-Pass Filter Synthesis 4.1.3 A 2- to 18-GHz Bias Tin Stripline 4.1.4 A 4.5- to 45.5-GHz Bias Tin Microstrip 4.2 Wideband Balun Structures 4.2.1 A High-Pass Balun for 6 to 18 GHz 4.2.2 Band-Pass Baluns for 6.5 to 13.5 GHz 4.3 Some Simple Impedance-Transforming Networks 4.3.1 The Quarter-Wavelength Stepped-Impedance Transformer 4.3.2 Stepped-Impedance Transformers from Band-Pass Prototypes 4.3.3 Transformers Using Line and Open-Circuit Shunt Stubs 4.3.4 Transformers Incorporating High-Pass Elements References Chapter 5 Active Circuit Design 5.1 Principles of Matching Into Complex Terminations 5.1.1 Shunt Capacitor and Resistor 5.1.2 Series Inductor and Resistor 5.1.3 Shunt Inductor and Resistor 5.1.4 Series Capacitor and Resistor 5.2 Distributed Amplifiers 5.2.1 Basic Design Concept and Prototype Synthesis 5.2.2 A Simple Theory Based on Constant K Sections 5.2.3 Practical MMIC Distributed Amplifiers With Various Gain Slopes 5.2.4 Increasing the Maximum Operating Frequency of Distributed Amplifiers 5.3 Reactively Matched Wideband Power Amplifiers 5.3.1 General Design Approach 5.3.2 Detailed Circuit Design 5.3.3 Measured Performance 5.4 Traveling-Wave Matching in Cascadable Amplifier Gain Stages 5.4.1 Evolution From a Distributed Amplifier 5.4.2 The Band-Pass Frequency Transformation 5.4.3 The Basic Cascadable Gain Stage 5.4.4 A Practical Design Example 5.5 A Two-Stage Amplifier With Interstage Matching 5.6 A Five-Stage, 1.5W Amplifier MMIC With >25 dB Gain References Summary and Conclusions Appendix A Some Useful Network Transformations A.1 Transforming a Second-Order Reactance Branch Into Unit Elements and Vice Versa A.2 Transforming a Fourth-Order Reactance Branch Into Unit Elements and Vice Versa A.3 Transforming a Fourth-Order Reactance Branch Into Two Second Order Branches and Vice Versa A.4 Transforming a Capacitor L Section Into a T Section A.5 Transforming a Capacitor L Section Into a π Section A.6 Transforming a Capacitor T Section Into a π Section and Vice Versa Appendix B Library of Coupled-Line Sections and Equivalent Circuits B.1 General Relations B.2 Coupled Lines With Open Circuits at Opposite Ends B.3 Coupled Lines With Open Circuits at the Same End B.4 Coupled Lines With Short Circuits at Opposite Ends B.5 Coupled Lines With a Short Circuit at One End and a Bridge at the Other B.6 Coupled Lines With an Open Circuit at One End and a Bridge at the Other B.7 Coupled Lines With an Open Circuit at One End and a Shunt Open-Circuit Stub at the Other List of Technical Publications Glossary About the Author Index Back cover