Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy Applications

Description

This book provides a detailed overview of different devices and nanomaterials for energy storage applications. The application of each nanomaterial is discussed for fuel cells, metal–air batteries, supercapacitors, solar cells, regenerative fuel cells, hydrogen energy, batteries, and redox flow batteries to understand the reaction process and material performance improvement for energy storage devices. In addition, major challenges, case studies, historical, and future perspective are summarized. Features: Summarizes state-of-the-art nanomaterials for energy storage and conversion applications Comprehensive coverage of a wide range of nanomaterials, including synthesis and characterization Details different energy storage devices, construction, working principles, and major challenges Covers specific reactions, nanomaterials, and nanocomposites via audio–video slides/short films Includes case studies pertaining to development of energy storage devices and major challenges This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in chemical engineering, chemical sciences, nanomaterials, and energy engineering/conversion. Cover Half Title Emerging Materials and Technologies Series Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy Applications Copyright Dedication Contents About the Editors Contributors Preface Acknowledgments 1. Introduction: Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy Applications 1.1. Introduction 1.1.1 The Future Is SustaInable 1.1.2 Nanotechnology: The Hope for SustaInable Development 1.2 Functional Nanomaterials 1.2.1 Classification Based on DImensIonalIty 1.2.2 Classification Based on Electron Confinement 1.2.3 Size and shape control of nanomaterials 1.3 Metal and metal-free nanomaterials 1.4 Carbon-based nanomaterials 1.5 Nanocomposites 1.6 Nanomaterials in electrochemistry 1.7 Sustainable energy applications 1.7.1 Hybrid nanomaterials for sustainable energy applications 1.7.2 Hybrid technologies for harvesting the sustainability 1.8 Recent advancements in materials science for sustainable energy applications 1.9 Opportunities and challenges 1.10 Summary Acknowledgments References 2. Fuel Cells: Engineered Nanomaterials for Improved Fuel Cell Performance and Power Generation 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 VARIOUS TYPES OF NANOMATERIALS USED AS ELECTROCATALYST FOR BOOSTING ORR IN THE CATHODE 2.3 CONCLUSION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES 3. Polyoxometalate-Induced Nano-Engineered Composite Materials for Energy Storage: Supercapacitor Applications 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.2 SYNTHESIS METHODOLOGY FOR POM AND ITS COMPOSITE MATERIALS 3.2.1 Synthesis Of Lindqvist Structure [M6O19]N− (M = Nb, Ta, Mo, W, N = 2, 8) 3.2.2 SYNTHESIS OF KEGGIN ION [XM12O40]N− 3.2.3 SYNTHESIS OF LACUNARY KEGGIN ION 3.2.4 SYNTHESIS OF ANDERSON-EVANS {[XM6O24]m−, M = W, MO, V; X = Mn (III) or Fe (III)} 3.2.5 SYNTHESIS OF WELLS-DAWSON STRUCTURE [X2M18O62]N− 3.2.6 FORMATION OF UNIQUE TOPOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT PENTAGONAL BUILDING BLOCKS AND THEIR SELF-ASSEMBLY FOR NANOSCOPIC MOLECULAR INORGANIC CONTAINERS 3.2.6.1 Icosahedral Inorganic Superfullerenes or the Keplerates 3.2.6.2 The Giant Big Wheel or the Bielefeld Wheel: Synthesis 3.2.6.3 Nano-Hedgehog or the Blue Lemon 3.3 APPLICATION OF POM AS ELECTROCHEMICAL SUPERCAPACITORS 3.4 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 4. Supercapacitors: Carbon-Based Nanostructures for Supercapacitor Application 4.1 INTRODUCTION 4.2 FUNDAMENTALS AND CHARGE STORAGE MECHANISM OF SCS 4.3 MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 4.3.1 CV 4.3.2 GCD 4.3.3 EIS 4.4 SC DEVICES 4.4.1 CNT-BASED FLEXIBLE SCS 4.4.2 GRAPHENE-BASED FLEXIBLE SCs 4.5 SUMMARY REFERENCES 5. Designing Hollow Structured Materials for Sustainable Electrochemical Energy Conversion 5.1 INTRODUCTION 5.2 IMPORTANCE OF HOLLOW-STRUCTURED MATERIALS 5.3 STRUCTURAL DIVERSITY OF HOLLOW-STRUCTURED MATERIALS 5.4 PRINCIPLE OF DESIGNING THE HOLLOW STRUCTURE 5.5 APPLICATION IN ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION 5.5.1 OER 5.5.2 HER 5.6 ELECTROCHEMICAL CARBON DIOXIDE REDUCTION REACTION 5.7 ELECTROCHEMICAL NITROGEN REDUCTION REACTION 5.8 CONCLUSION ACKNOWLEDGMENT REFERENCES 6. Polymer-Based Nanocomposites in Energy Storage Applications 6.1 INTRODUCTION 6.2 POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES 6.3 PREPARATION OF CONDUCTIVE POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES 6.4 APPLICATIONS OF POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES FOR ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES 6.4.1 SUPERCAPACITORS 6.4.1.1 CP/Carbon Nanostructured Composite Materials 6.4.1.2 CP/Metal-Oxide Composite Materials 6.4.1.3 CP-Based Ternary Composite 6.4.1.4 CP Composite Materials for Flexible Supercapacitors 6.4.2 LITIUM_ION BATTERIES 6.4.2.1 Polymer Nanocomposite for Cathode Material in Li-Ion Batteries 6.4.2.2 Polymer Nanocomposites for Anode Material in Li-Ion Batteries 6.4.3 Polymer Nanocomposite Materials As A Solid-State Electrolyte 6.4.4 POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE MEMBRANE FOR FUEL CELLS 6.4.4.1 Polymer Nanocomposite as Polymer Electrolyte Membranes 6.5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTIVE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES 7. Carbon Quantum Dots 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7.2 SYNTHESIS OF C QDS 7.2.2.1 Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Route 7.2.2.2 Microwave Route 7.2.2.3 Pyrolysis Method 7.2.2.4 Wet-Chemical Method 7.3 APPLICATIONS OF C QDS 7.4 CONCLUSION ACKNOWLEDGMENT REFERENCES 8. Mesoporous Silica-Based Materials for Energy Storage Applications 8.1 INTRODUCTION 8.2 LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES 8.3 LITHIUM–SULFUR BATTERIES 8.4 ALKALI METAL BATTERIES 8.5 PSEUDOCAPACITORS BASED ON SURFACE FUNCTIONALIZATION OF MESOPOROUS SILICA WITH REDOX MOLECULES 8.6 CONCLUSION ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 9. Metal–Organic: Frameworks 9.1 INTRODUCTION 9.2 OXYGEN EVOLUTION REACTION 9.3 OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION 9.4 HYDROGEN EVOLUTION REACTION 9.5 CO2 REDUCTION 9.6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS REFERENCES Index