A Grammar of Classical Arabic

Description

Wolfdietrich Fischer’s Grammatik des klassischen Arabisch, Porta Linguarum Orientalin. NS XI, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1972 (reprinted with additions to the bibliography in 1987) is unquestionably the most useful reference grammar of the classical language for graduate students who have acquired proficiency in German. It is both sufficiently concise for quick reference a.s the student works on classical texts and rich in content to instill confidence. Although for the English-speaking student, w. Wright’s A Grammar of the Arabic Language (3rd edition, Cambridge University Press. 1991) contains far more material, its inconvenient arrangement, obsolete English style, and often unhelpful historical and comparative linguistic data make it less than ideal for quick reference and possibly confusing. Of course, as a comprehensive resource for the study of the classical Arabic language, Wright is unsurpassed. For the English-speaking student—or one with inadequate command of German-and, especially, for the student who might be under certain conditions disinclined to invest effort and time in consulting the exhaustive richness of Wright, there has been no suitable reference grammar. This translation of Fischer’s Grammatik aims to make up for that lack and place into the student’s hands a useful and accessible reference tool. The original bibliography, now more than ten years old, has been updated with significant and major contributions to the field of classical Arabic grammar and linguistics. Since, however, almost all recent books and articles on cla-ssical Arabic grammar and its cognate fields are indexed or available in full-text in one or several electronic resources, the translator felt that an exhaustive update in print would be superfluous. Thus, the updated bibliography presented here is expected to serve only as an initial reference tool. Translator’s Preface Translator's preface Preface Introduction WRITING SYSTEM The Alphabet (1-3) Orthography (4) Short Vowels (5-6) Long Vowels (7-10) Tanwin (Nunation) (11-12) Tomarbutah (13) Hamzah (14-15) Maddah (16) Shaddah (17-18) Waslah (19-22) Words Joined in Writing (23) Abbreviations (24) Numerals (25) PHONOLOGY Phonemes (26) Pronunciation (27-32) Vowels (28-29) Consonants (30-31) Stress (32) Combinatory and Historical Phonology Vowels (33-37) Vowel Epenthesis (38) Consonants (39) Dissimilation of ا {hamzah) (40-41) Dropping of ١ (hamzah) (42-43) Assimilation (44-48) Syllable Ellipsis (49-50) Syllable Structure (51) Shortening of Syllables (52) Auxiliary Vowels (53-54) Pausal Forms (55-57) MORPHOLOGY Root and Morpheme (58-60) Nominal Forms Preliminary Remarks (61) Stem Pattern Morphemes (62-63) Suffixed Pattern Morphemes (64-65) Prefixed Pattern Morphemes (66) "Weak” Root Stem Patterns (67-70) Substantive Primary Substantives (71-72) Feminine Substantive Ending -atun (73) Abstract and Verbal Substantives (74-76) Semantic Groups (77) Nouns of Place (Nomina Loci) and Time (Nomina Temporis) (78) Nouns of Instrument (Nomina Instrumenti) (79-80) Diminutives (81-82) Number of Substantives (83) Singular Collectives (84-86) "Broken" Plurals (87-92) Plural of Four-Consonant Morpheme Categories (93-99) Plural of “Paucity”, or a Small Number (100) “Sound” (Inflected) Plural (101-105) Combined Plural Morphemes (106) Dual (107-109) Gender of Substantives (110-112) Adjectae (113-121) “Broken” Plurals of Adjectives (122-123) Quantity Elative >aßalu (124-127) Formulas of Astonishment ma ) aß ala (128) Numerals (129-135) Totality (136-139) Nominal Inflection (140-146) Triptotic Inflection (147-151) Diptotic Inflection (152-153) Inflection of III- and IV-Weak Nominal Forms (154-156) Vocative (157-159) Verb Preliminary Remarks (160) Formation of the Stem (161-162) Verbal Stems of Three-Radical Verbs (163-173) Verbal Stems of lOur-Radical Verbs (174-178) System of Verb Forms (179-206) Use of the Perfect (181-183) Use of the Imperfect (184-188) The Verbal Particle qad (189) Use of Compounfl Verb Forms (190-193) Use of the Jussive (194-195) Use of the Subjunctive (196-197) Use of the Energetic (198) Use of the Passive (199-200) Use of the Participle (201-204) Use of Verbal Substantives (205-206) Inflection ره ،he Verb Suffix Conjugation (Perfect) (207-210) Prefix Conjugation (211-215) Imperfect Base (216-218) Passive (219) Imperative (220-222) Participles (223-224) Verbal Substantives (225-231) Nouns Expressing a Single Action (Nomen Vicis) (232) II-Geminate Verbs (Verba mediae geminatae) (233-236) Verbs with Weak Radicals (237-258) Verbs with hamzah (237-239) I- Weak Verbs (Verba primae infirmae) (240-243) II- Weak Verbs (Verba mediae infirmae) (244-249) III- Weak Verbs (Verba tertiae infirmae) (250-257) 111-Weak-II-Weak Verbs (Verba tertiae e، mediae infirmae) (258) Emphatic Qualification (259-263) Pronouns and Particles Personal Pronouns (264-271) Pronominal Object Particle (272) Reflexive (273) Demonstratives (274-280) Definite Clauses (Relative Pronouns) (281-282) Nominal Demonstratives (283) Demonstrative Particles (284) Interrogatives (285-290) Prepositions (291-309) hi- (294), It- (295296) ى), ka- (297), 77ia،٥ (298)١ min (299), mundhu (300), can (301), cald (302), >ilä (303), hattd (304), lada (305), ladun (306)١