Agricultural Productivity: Measurement and Explanation

Description

Cover......Page 2 Half Title......Page 3 Title Page......Page 4 Copyright Page......Page 5 Original Title Page......Page 6 Original Copyright Page......Page 9 Table of Contents......Page 14 Foreword......Page 19 Acknowledgments......Page 23 Contributors......Page 25 1 Introduction and Overview......Page 27 Overview of the Book......Page 29 Summary Observations......Page 35 Part I Background......Page 44 2 An Introduction to Recent Developments in Production Theory and Productivity Measurement......Page 45 Basic Concepts in Modern Production Economics......Page 47 Approaches to Total Factor Productivity Measurement......Page 82 Measuring Interspatial and Intertemporal Total Factor Productivity......Page 99 Explaining Technological Change......Page 102 Dynamics......Page 104 Appendix 2-A. The Translog Cost Model......Page 113 Appendix 2-B. The Translog Profit Model......Page 122 Appendix 2-C. TFP Measurement Using Exact Index Numbers......Page 126 3 A Review of the Evidence on Agricultural Productivity and Aggregate Technology......Page 141 Historical Perspective: Pre-1970......Page 143 Historical Perspective: Post-1970......Page 146 Some Comparative Remarks......Page 162 Appendix 3-A. U.S. Agricultural Data Base......Page 171 4 The Statistical Base for Agricultural Productivity Research: A Review and Critique......Page 183 A Description of the Productivity Data Base......Page 185 Evaluation of the Data Base......Page 191 Agency Response to Suggestions......Page 200 Further Concerns......Page 202 Part II Measuring Agricultural Productivity and Technical Change......Page 207 5 A Comparison of Econometric Models of U.S. Agricultural Productivity and Aggregate Technology......Page 208 Introduction......Page 209 Full Static Equilibrium Models......Page 212 Partial Static Equilibrium Models......Page 223 Comparison of the Empirical Results......Page 229 Conclusions and Implications......Page 238 6 Productivity Measurement and the Distribution of the Fruits of Technological Progress: A Market Equilibrium Approach......Page 246 Competitive Market Equilibrium......Page 249 Factor Biases of Technological Change......Page 255 Price Effects, of Technological Change: Food Prices Versus Land Prices......Page 260 Application to U.S. Agriculture......Page 262 Conclusion......Page 266 7 Intertemporal and Interspatial Estimates of Agricultural Productivity......Page 270 Introduction......Page 271 Theoretical Models of Intertemporal and Interspatial Productivity......Page 274 Data Construction Using Firm Enterprise Data System Budgets......Page 282 Results......Page 285 Conclusion......Page 292 8 An Econometric Methodology for Multiple-Output Agricultural Technology: An Application of Endogenous Switching Models......Page 295 The Economic Model......Page 298 The Econometric Model......Page 300 A Procedure for Estimating the Econometric Model......Page 308 Conclusion......Page 310 Part III Toward Explaining Agricultural Productivity......Page 316 9 Induced Technical Change in Agriculture......Page 317 Induced Innovation in the Theory of the Firm......Page 319 Production and Productivity Growth......Page 326 Factor Substitution Along the Metaproduction Function......Page 333 A Test of the Induced Technical Change Hypothesis......Page 338 Guiding Technological Change Along Alternative Paths......Page 351 Appendix 9-A. Derivation of Equations for Measuring the Effect of Biased Technical Change......Page 352 Appendix 9-B. Two-Level CES Production Function......Page 354 Appendix 9-C. Factor Shares and Aggregate Input Price Indexes in the United States and Japan......Page 358 10 Research, Extension, and U.S. Agricultural Productivity: A Statistical Decomposition Analysis......Page 366 Methodology and Research Processes......Page 368 The Evenson-Welch Study (1974)......Page 383 Concluding Remarks......Page 394 11 Endogenous Technology and the Measurement of Productivity......Page 399 The Choice of a Technique......Page 400 Aggregation over Techniques......Page 404 Identification and Estimation......Page 408 Endogeneity of Technology......Page 411 Empirical Implementation......Page 415 Agenda for Future Research......Page 417 12 Dynamics, Causality, and Agricultural Productivity......Page 421 Dynamics, Stochastics, and Aggregation......Page 424 Causality in Production......Page 437 The Dynamics of Innovation......Page 440 Policy and Productivity......Page 446 Empirical Evidence on the Dynamic Structure of U.S. Agricultural Production......Page 451 Implications for Research......Page 459 13 Incorporating Externalities into Agricultural Productivity Analysis......Page 465 Externalities and Regulation in Agriculture: Implications for Productivity......Page 467 Modeling Agricultural Externalities......Page 473 An Empirical Example: Accounting for Resistance Development in the Measurement of Pesticide Productivity......Page 479 Conclusions......Page 491 Appendix 13-A. Model Specification......Page 493 Index......Page 499