Gender Panic, Gender Policy

Description

Using diverse theories and methods including analysis of online data, feminist critical discourse, fieldwork, grounded theory, and queer theory, this edited volume explores gender panic and policy in the United States as well as Argentina, Australia, Belarus, Japan, Russia, Sweden, and subnational populations. Contributors consider a range of issues from the meaning of learning to play the traditional female role in order to develop a contemporary heteronormative romantic relationship to the difficulties of fairly accommodating non-binary people in traditionally gendered settings or the problem of implementing a gender-neutral rape law in a prison system that is structurally gendered. Gendered policies pertaining, particularly, to women and their fertility as a result of panics over low birthrates are explored as are issues relating to the validation of and problems with binary gender categories in elite sports. The impact of UN gender equality initiatives including LGBT equality on nation-states is also examined. cover 9781787432024 GENDER PANIC, GENDER POLICY INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS CONTENTS LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD ABOUT THE AUTHORS Gender Panic, Gender Policy: An Introduction Tradition, Women, and the Place of Reproduction Questioning the Gender Binary Policing Gender: Rules, Regulations, and Laws Policy Matters In a Galaxy Far Away References Part I Tradition, Women, and the Place of Reproduction Women in the Military inArgentina : Nationalism ,Gender, and Ethnicity Data Collection Methods The GPC of the Ministry of Defense Women’s History in Argentina The Argentine Army: A National Symbol Racialized Masculinities in the Representation of the Nation: Boundaries and Hierarchies The “Civilizing” Mission: Mandatory Military Service Mechanisms of Inclusion/Exclusion in the Training of Army Members Educating the Representatives of the Nation: “Gentlemen” Women in the Army: Gender Relations in the Consolidation of the Patriotic Elite Racialized Women: Gender Relations in the Decline of the Patriotic Elite Conclusions Acknowledgments References Women’s Health – Nation ’s Health : The Policies of Reproduction in Post-Soviet Belarus Contextual Aspects Methodologies, Methods, and Empirical Base Politics of Reproduction: Fertility, Health, and Prosperity Regime of Health Neoliberalization and Reproductive Politics Conclusions References Legal documents Another Science War: Fictitious Evidence on Women’s Fertility and the “Egg Aging” Panic in 2010s Japan Aim and Scope History of Discourses about Women’s Age and Fertility Fertility Issues and Gender-Mainstreaming in the Late 20th Century Backlash and Introduction of Biological Explanation The “Egg Aging” Panic Establishment of Self-Image as a Society Without Sufficient Knowledge About Human Fertility The 2015 New Pronatalist Policy Graphical Representation to Arouse Public Attention Undocumented Bayesian Estimates of Daily Fecundability by Dunson et al. (2002) Trimmed Natural Fertility Curves by JSRM (2014) Manipulated Curve with a Peak at Age 22 by Yoshimura (2013) Authorization and Circulation of the Graphs Effects of the Manipulated Data Gender and Biology: Prospects for Political War with Science as a Social Institution References Boys Will be Boys, so Girls Will be Girls: The Resurgence of Femininity among Single Women Method The Resurgence of Euro-American Feminine Embodiments Katarina Phang Members Reaction Against Feminism Buddhist Philosophy of Non-Attachment Leaning Back Versus Leaning In Consciousness Raising on Facebook, Femininity Conclusions References PART II QUESTIONING THE GENDER BINARY Subverting the Dominant Paradigm: Cross-Cultural Approaches to Understanding Gender Approach Sex, Gender and Sexuality Early Representations Sub-national and Traditional Cultures Toward a Different Paradigm Translation and Terminological Problems Alternatives Disconnecting Cultural Elements A Broader Paradigm Summary and Conclusion References “I’m Part of the Comunity, Too”: Women’s College Alumnae Responses to Transgender Admitance Policies Theoretical Framework Women’s Colleges and Trans Admittance Policies Methods Analysis Gender Panic Categorizing TERFS and Calling Out Hate We Are Athena We Should Be Activists Discussion and Conclusion References Hybrids, Hermaphrodites, and Sex Metamorphoses: Gendered Anxieties and Sex Testing in Elite Sport, 1937–1968 Writing Histories of Sex Testing Methodology: A Genealogy of the Female Category Conceptual Framework: Binarization and Purification, Normality and Abnormality, and The Importance of Context Hermaphrodites, Metamorphoses, and Normal Childbearing Women Cold War Gender Relations, Polluted Bodies, and the Borderlines of Sex Conclusion References The Fairest of Them All: Gender-Determining Institutions and the Science of Sex Testing Gender-Determining Institutions Gender in Science and Law Case Study: Data and Methods Findings Playing the Game: Science versus Science A Gendered and Tilted Playing Field Superwomen and the Non-science of Fairness Conclusion References PART III POLICING GENDER: RULES, REGULATIONS, AND LAWS “Dear Coleague Leter on Transgender Students”: Title IX Rights and Regulations on Gender Theoretical Framework Researcher Positionality Limitations Federal Law and Guidance Gender Policing Terminology Guidance Implications for Practice/Recommendations Conclusion References Appendix A: “Dear Coleague Leter on Transgender Students” Terminology Compliance with Title IX The Normativity ofRecognition: Non-BinaryGender Markers inAustralian Law and Policy The gender binary and non-binary gender Recent Developments in Australian Law and Policy Normativity and recognition Containing the threat Pathologization Legal Classification The persistence of the gender binary in administrative law Identity Documents Sex-Segregation Unequal Distribution Recommendations Identity Fraud Safety Same-Sex Marriage Public Health Affirmative Action Conclusion References Cases Legislation Gendered Prisons, Gendered Policy: Gender Subtext and the Prison Rape Elimination Act Methodology/Approach Findings Structural processes Cultural Processes Conclusion References The United States ’International Valuing of Anti-Racism Norms Over Gender Equality Norms A Brief History of Attempts to Ratify CEDAW and ICERD Common Theories That Explain US Behavior The Power Theory The Misinterpretation and Compliance Theories How the Power, Misinterpretation, and Compliance Theories Relate The Relative Cost Theory: Economic Costs of Sanctioning CEDAW and ICERD Public Services Paid Leave Including Remunerated Maternity Leave Educational Resources and Cultural Prejudices Conclusion References Monitoring the WorldSociety: LGBT Human Rightsin Rusia and Sweden World Society, Nation-States, and Law Decoupling LGBT Rights in the World Society Monitoring the World Polity: The Universal Periodic Review Case Studies: Sweden and Russia Results Sweden: UPR Recommendations and Response Consequences of Decoupling: Victimization Rates and Severity of Victimization in Russia and Sweden Discussion Reference Index