The Shaping Of Modern France; Writings On French History Since 1715

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Preface Contents Introduction by Crane Brinton 1 Social Classes Under the Old Regime Robe and Sword, the Regrouping of the French Aristocracy After Louis XIV A Re-evaluation of the “Aristocratic Revolt” Capitalist and Proprietary Wealth and the Definition of the Bourgeoisie The Peasantry on the Eve of the French Revolution Ideas of Reform Among the French Lower Clergy, 1787-1789 Suggestions for Further Reading 2 The Enlightenment Desertion of Intellectuals and Nobles as a Pre-Revolutionary Phenomenon The Philosophes and Their Environment The French Jesuits in the Age of Enlightenment The Political Philosophy of Helvétius and d’Holbach The Influence of Eighteenth-Century Ideas on the French Revolution The Image and Influence of America in the French Enlightenment Suggestions For Further Reading 3 The Decline of the Old Regime and the Debacle of French Foreign Policy Louis XV : The Monarchy in Decline The Diplomatic Revolution and the Debacle of French Foreign Policy France and the Financing of the American Revolution The Parlements of France in the Eighteenth Century Turgot and the Fate of His Six Edicts The Fiscal and Economic Crises at the End of the Ancien Régime Suggestions For Further Reading 4 France Makes A Revolution Why Was There a Revolution in France ? The “Mainspring of the Revolution”: The Paris Sans-culottes The Directory — A Revaluation Suggestions For Further Reading 5 The Counterrevolution Counterrevolutionary Politics : The Emigration and Intrigues of the Princes The Church and the Counterrevolution A Sociological Analysis of Counterrevolution: The Vendée Counter-revolutionary Espionage: Francis Drake and the Comte d’Antraigues Counterrevolutionary Terror Counter-revolutionary Thought Suggestions for Further Reading 6 Napoleonic Imperialism Napoleon Seizes Control of the Revolution Napoleonic Imperialism at Its Zenith: The Grand Empire and the Continental System The Spirit of the Napoleonic System Napoleon and the Age of Nationalism 7 The Restoration and Fall of the Bourbons Talleyrand at the Congress of Vienna The Electoral System in France During the Bourbon Restoration, 1815-1830 French Society Under the Restoration Charles X, Polignac, and the Application of Article XIV of the Charter A New Look at the French Revolution of 1830 Suggestions For Further Reading 8 Bourgeois Monarchy and Democratic Republic Bourgeois Supremacy During the July Monarchy A Reconsideration of Guizot The Romantic Revolution and the Industrial Revolution in France The Changing Outlines of 1848 The Romantic Revolution and the Industrial Revolution in France Suggestions For Further Reading 9 “Socialism” and “Caesarism”: The Domestic Policies of the Second Empire The Economic Transformation of France Under the Second Empire The Social and Economic Policies of the Emperor The Constitutional Significance of the Second Empire The Myth of Napoleon III Suggestions for Further Reading 10 “The Empire Means Peace”: The Foreign Policy of the Second Empire The Second Empire and Italian Unity “The Great Idea of the Reign”: The Mexican Expedition Napoleon III and the Austro-Prussian War “Red Rag” and “Gallic Bull”: The Hohenzollem Candidature Suggestions for Further Reading 11 Socialist Thought and the Paris Commune The Development of Socialist Doctrines from the Revolution to the Commune The Paris Commune: An Episode of the Socialist Movement The First International, Proudhonists, Blanquists, and the Paris Commune The Activity of Popular Organizations During the Paris Commune of 1871 Suggestions for Further Reading 12 Realism, Impressionism, and Symbolism Flaubert and Naturalism Impressionism, 1a Break with Tradition German Idealism and French Symbolism Suggestions for Further Reading 13 Challenges to the Third Republic The Attempted Coup d’Etat of May 16, 1877 The Significance of Boulangism The Ralliement in the Politics of the 1890’s France and the Dreyfus Affair The Nationalist Revival in France Suggestions for Further Reading 14 Imperialism, Triple Entente, and World War I Jules Ferry and the Growth of French Imperialism The Entente Cordiale and the First Moroccan Crisis The War Aims of the French Government, 1914-1918 The Costs of World War I Suggestions for Further Reading 15 France Between Two Wars (1919-1940) France’s Search for “Security” After 1919 The Resurgence of the Right After World War I The Stavisky Affair and the Riots of February 6th, 1934 Léon Blum and the Failure of the Popular Front Along the Road Back to France 1940 Suggestions for Further Reading 16 “France Against Herself”: Vichy and the Resistance Vichy’s “National Revolution” The Vichy Regime and Collaboration Free France and Its Plans for the Future of France The Effects of World War II on French Society and Politics Suggestions for Further Reading 17 The “Unloved” Fourth Republic The Transformation of the French Economy After World War II The Political “System” of the Fourth Republic Why the Fourth Republic Failed to Solve the Algerian Problem How the Fourth Republic Died: The Revolution of May, 1958 Suggestions for Further Reading 18 The Fifth Republic: The Final Synthesis? The Political Principles of General de Gaulle De Gaulle and the Decolonization of Africa The Foreign Policy Conceptions of General de Gaulle De Gaulle and the Future of Europe Suggestions for Further Reading 19 The Intellectual Crisis of the Twentieth Century Dadaism The Novelist as Philosopher, 1930-1960 Existentialism The Philosophy of Existentialism Claude Lévi-Strauss and the Changing Temper of the 1960’s Suggestions for Further Reading