Basic Electronics: Theory and Practice

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Cover Half-Title Title Copyright Contents Introduction About the Authors Part 1: The Fundamentals Chapter 1: The Theory Behind Electricity Atoms and Their Structure Electrons Conductors, Insulators, and Semiconductors Conductors Insulators Semiconductors Electron Flow Versus Hole Flow The Least You Need to Know Chapter Review Questions Chapter 2: How Electricity Works Circuits Electromotive Force or Voltage Current Resistance Ohm's Law Power Joule's Law Putting It All Together The Least You Need to Know Chapter Review Questions Lab 2-1: Constructing a Simple Circuit Chapter 3: Currents and Circuits Direct Current Alternating Current The War of Currents Waveforms Sine Wave Other Waveforms Phase Using Waves to Measure AC Voltage Direct Current Waveforms More About Circuits Circuit Diagrams Short Circuits Fuses and Circuit Breakers Serial and Parallel Circuits Learning the Language of Electronics The Least You Need to Know Chapter Review Questions Part 2: Your Workspace and Tools Chapter 4: Tools of the Trade Essential Hand Tools Essential Instruments Lab 4-1: Taking a DC Voltage Reading Lab 4-2: Taking an AC Voltage Reading Lab 4-3: Measuring Resistance Lab 4-4: Measuring Current Electronics Specialty Items Essential Safety Items The Least You Need to Know Chapter Review Questions Chapter 5: Shop Setup and Safety A Clean, Well-Lit Workshop Claim Your Space Your Workbench Adequate Power Lighting Ventilation Storage Safety Equipment Good Work Habits Are Good Safety Habits Come Ready to Work Dress for the Job Be Neat and Work Deliberately Know How Electricity Flows First Aid for Electrical Shock The Least You Need to Know Chapter Review Questions Part 3: Electronic Components Chapter 6: Switches Switch Symbols Mechanical Switches Poles and Throws Lab 6-1: SPDT Switch Push-button Switches Knife Switches Bi-metal Switches Mercury Switches Other Mechanical Switches DIP Switches Electromagnetic Switches or Relays The Least You Need to Know Chapter Review Questions Chapter 7: Resistors The Mighty Resistor Fixed-Value Resistors Resistor Color Codes and Power Ratings Reading the Code Power Ratings Surface Mount Resistors Single in Line Resistors Variable Resistors Kirchhoff's Laws Calculating Resistance Lab 7-1: Using Ohm's & Kirchhoff 's Laws to Determine the Proper Resistor Resistors in Series Circuits Lab 7-2: Resistors in a Series Circuit Resistors in Parallel Circuits Lab 7-3: Resistors in a Parallel Circuit Voltage Division Circuits Lab 7-4: Voltage Division Using Fixed Value Resistors Lab 7-5: Voltage Division Using a Variable Resistor The Least You Need to Know Chapter Review Questions Chapter 8: Capacitors How a Capacitor Works Farads Relative Permittivity Capacitor Ratings Nominal Value and Tolerance Temperature Coefficients Breakdown Voltage or DC Working Voltage Polarized Capacitor Types Electrolytic Capacitors Tantalum Capacitors Non-polarized Capacitor Types Variable Capacitors Capacitors in a Circuit Transient Time of Capacitors in a DC RC Circuit Lab 8-1: Charging Capacitance The Least You Need to Know Chapter Review Questions Chapter 9: Diodes How Diodes Work Types of Semiconductor Diodes Common Silicon Diodes Zener Diodes Schottky Diodes Power Rectifiers Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) Photodiodes Handling Diodes The Least You Need to Know Chapter Review Questions Chapter 10: Transistors Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) How Amplifiers Work BJTs Under Varying Voltages Gain Darlington Pairs Field Effect Transistors Lab 10-1: Using a Transistor to Amplify Current The Least You Need to Know Chapter Review Questions Chapter 11: Power Sources and Power Supplies Batteries How Batteries Produce Energy Primary vs. Secondary Batteries Voltages in Batteries Lab 11-1: Making a Potato Battery Batteries in Series and in Parallel Amp-hours AC-to-DC Power Supplies Transformers Variable DC Power Supplies Uninterruptible Power Supplies Switched-Mode Power Supplies The Least You Need to Know Chapter Review Questions Part 4: Getting to Work Chapter 12: Soldering Solder Lead-free Solder Flux Soldering Iron and Tips Heat Sink Circuit Boards Printed Circuit Boards Prepping for Soldering Place the Items on the Board Prepare Your Soldering Iron Soldering Technique Desoldering The Least You Need to Know Chapter Review Questions Chapter 13: Constructing A Power Supply Power Supply Kit and Construction Safety First Powering On Getting Acquainted with Your Power Supply Creating a Positive DC Wave Seeing Caps and Voltage Regulators in Action Using Your Variable DC Power Supply The Least You Need to Know Chapter Review Questions Part 5: Going Digital Chapter 14: Digital Theory The Idea Behind Digital Concepts Analog vs. Digital Truth Tables Binary Numbers Application to Electronics Logic Gates Lab 14-1: AND Gate Lab 14-2: OR Gate A Revolution Requiring Attention to Detail The Least You Need to Know Chapter Review Questions Chapter 15: Integrated Circuits Analog ICs Digital ICs Flip-flops 555 and 556 Timers Counters Encoders and Decoders Mixed Signal ICs Lab 15-1: Building a Decoder Circuit, Part 1 Lab 15-2: Building a Decoder Circuit, Part 2 Lab 15-3: Guitar Amplifier The Least You Need to Know Chapter Review Questions Chapter 16: Memory Digital vs. Analog Memory Storage Parity Bits and Other Error Detection Hexadecimal Data and Address The Von Neumann Computer Model Memory Registers Writing and Reading Volatile and Nonvolatile Memory Storage Media The Least You Need to Know Chapter Review Questions Chapter 17: Microcontrollers What Are Microcontrollers? Microcontroller Components Inputs/Outputs Programming Microcontrollers Microcontrollers for Hobbyists Open Source Hardware The Arduino Microcontroller Platform The Netduino Microcontroller Platform The Least You Need to Know Chapter Review Questions Part 6: Electronics in Practics Chapter 18: Motors and Controllers Brushed DC Motors Brushless DC Motors Stepper Motors Servo Motors Controllers Pulse Width Modulation H-bridge The Least You Need to Know Chapter Review Questions Chapter 19: Sensors What Is a Sensor? Electronic Sensors Accelerometers Digital Compasses or Magnetometers Light and Color Sensors Microphones Alcohol and Other Environmental Gas Sensors GPS Sensors The Least You Need to Know Chapter Review Questions Chapter 20: Electronic Communication The Basics of Electronic Communication The Electromagnetic Spectrum, Revisited Radio Waves Microwaves Infrared Visible Light Ultraviolet, X-Rays, and Gamma Rays Encoding and Decoding a Signal Amplitude Modulation Frequency Modulation Phase Modulation Rasterization Lab 20-1: Building an FM Stereo Transmitter The Least You Should Know Chapter Review Questions Part 7: Constructing a Robot and Using Raspberry Pi Chapter 21A: Arduino: Building Your Robot Shopping for Your Robot Get the Software You Need Connecting Your Arduino and Getting to Work Chapter 21B: Netduino: Building Your Robot Shopping for Your Robot Get the Software You Need Connecting Your Netduino and Getting to Work Downloading to the Netduino Microcontroller Chapter 22A: Arduino: Getting Your Robot Moving Get Your Motor on Board Assembling the Motor Driver Shield Power It Up Programming Your Robot to Start and Stop Identifying the I/O Pins Assembling the Robot Platform Chapter 22B: Netduino: Getting Your Robot Moving Get Your Motor on Board Assembling the Motor Driver Shield Power It Up Programming Your Robot to Start and Stop Identifying the I/O Pins Adding Speed Control Assembling the Robot Platform Chapter 23A: Arduino: Adding Sensors to Your Robot Adding Collision Control The Ultrasonic Range Finder Lab 23: Sensing Distance Adding the Sensor to Your Robot Adding a Power Switch Planning and Writing the Code Arduino Code Letting Your Robot Roam Chapter 23B: Netduino: Adding Sensors to Your Robot Adding Collision Control The Ultrasonic Range Finder Lab 23-1: Sensing Distance Adding the Sensor to Your Robot Adding a Power Switch Planning and Writing the Code Letting Your Robot Roam Chapter 24: Using Raspberry Pi in Your Electronics Projects Setting up Your Raspberry Pi with an OS Adding Inputs and Outputs (I/O) to Your Pi Using the Python Command Shell Programming with Python on the Pi Programming a Button in Python Controlling an LED with the Button Going Forth Chapter 25: Cybersecurity and the Internet of Things (IoT) for Electronics Projects The Security Challenge Controlling the Risk Resources for Securing Your Device Security Is All of Our Responsibility Chapter Review Questions Appendix A: Glossary Appendix B: Timeline of Electronics Appendix C: Mathematics for Electronics Appendix D: Careers in Electronics Appendix E: Resources Appendix F: Answers for Odd-Numbered Questions Appendix G: Lab Videos, Animations, and Supplementary Video Directory Index