Recent Advances in Data and Algorithms for e-Government

Description

This book presents new trends to optimize e-Government in various contexts. It aims to highlight new methods and approaches that unveil the potential of data for public services. The book also illustrates how public services can be mathematically modeled with many case studies. Then, algorithms are proposed to optimize their functioning and to better contribute to the general interest, such as education, health care, safety, security, or culture. The book also focuses on protecting citizens' personal data and obtaining their explicit consent. The book is suitable for students and academics aiming to build up their background on the usage of data and algorithms through various techniques, including artificial intelligence. The book is used as a reference book for teaching a graduate course on e-Government, Process Modeling, or Artificial Intelligence. Besides its use in academia, this book is used by civil servants of every domain and citizens who aim to understand the ongoing modernization of public services. Preface Contents Abbreviations 1 Conceptual Model and Data Algorithm for Modernization of e-Governance Towards Sustainable e-Government Services 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 Evolution of e-Government 1.1.2 State-of-the-Art Technology in e-Government Services 1.1.3 Modernization Effect on Service Delivery 1.1.4 Modernisation and Sustainability of e-Government Services 1.1.5 Challenges of Modernising e-Government 1.2 Objectives of the Study 1.3 Review of Literature 1.3.1 Information Quality 1.3.2 System Quality 1.3.3 Service Quality 1.3.4 State-of-the-Art Technology 1.3.5 Citizen Satisfaction 1.3.6 Efficiency of e-Government Services 1.3.7 Sustainable e-Government Services 1.4 Proposed Conceptual Model 1.5 Methodology 1.6 Algorithm 1.6.1 Algorithm for E-Filing a Form 1.6.2 Algorithm-2 1.7 e-Governance Initiatives Across the Globe—Case Study 1.7.1 Denmark 1.7.2 Jordan 1.7.3 Bangladesh 1.7.4 Hong Kong 1.7.5 China 1.7.6 Kuwait 1.8 Analysis and Discussions 1.9 Conclusion References 2 e-School Initiatives that Instigated Digital Transformation in Education: A Case Study According to SABER-ICT Framework 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 e-Government 2.1.2 ICT-Enhanced Schools 2.1.3 From ICT-Enhanced to Digital Transformation of Education 2.2 A Case Study of Saudi Arabia Through the SABER-ICT Framework 2.2.1 SABER-ICT 2.2.2 ICT in Education: Saudi Arabia’s Case 2.3 Recommendations 2.3.1 Transformation Culture 2.3.2 Policy and Leadership 2.3.3 Security and Cybersecurity Readiness 2.3.4 Infrastructure 2.3.5 Learning Analytics 2.4 Conclusion References 3 New Architecture to Facilitate the Expansion of e-Government 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Related Work 3.3 Good Governance 3.3.1 Strategy and Competitiveness Model 3.3.2 Core Governance Model 3.3.3 Common Economic Model 3.3.4 4 D’s Development Model 3.3.5 National Innovation Model 3.3.6 Safety and Security Model 3.3.7 Empowerment Model 3.4 Reimagining e-Government 3.4.1 Redefine Phase 3.4.2 Refine Phase 3.4.3 Lead Phase 3.5 Evolving e-Government Architecture 3.6 Case Studies/Use Cases 3.6.1 Managing Roads in Bengaluru 3.6.2 Decentralized Economic Development 3.7 Discussions 3.8 Conclusion References 4 Struggling Against Tax Fraud, a Holistic Approach Using Artificial Intelligence 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Literature Review 4.3 Holistic Process to Improve e-Government Procedures Against Tax Fraud 4.3.1 Organize and Link Data 4.3.2 Improve Fraud Detection Mechanism 4.3.3 Optimize Resource Allocation 4.3.4 Analyze Results 4.4 Conclusion and Perspectives References 5 e-Government and Green IT: The Intersection Point 5.1 Introduction 5.2 A Historical Review of the e-Government Concept 5.3 Green IT 5.4 Methodology 5.5 Analysis and Discussions 5.6 Discussions 5.7 Conclusions References 6 Machine Learning Technique for Predicting the Rural Citizens’ Trust on Using e-Governance Health Care Applications During COVID-19 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Determinants of Rural Citizens’ Trust in e-governance Health Care Services During COVID-19 6.2.1 System Quality 6.2.2 Service Quality 6.2.3 Access to Information 6.3 Research Gap 6.4 Theoretical Framework 6.5 Research Methods 6.6 Data Analysis 6.6.1 Machine Learning Technique 6.6.2 Program Code of Machine Learning Technique Neural Network Analysis for Predicting the Rural Citizens’ Trust 6.7 Findings and Discussion 6.8 Conclusion References 7 Artificial Intelligence (AI) Use for e-Governance in Agriculture: Exploring the Bioeconomy Landscape 7.1 Introduction 7.1.1 Artificial Intelligence (AI) 7.1.2 AI in the Public Sector 7.1.3 AI in Bioeconomy 7.2 Literature Review 7.3 Research Methodology 7.4 AI Models in Agriculture 7.4.1 Examples of AI Applications in Agriculture 7.4.2 National Initiatives of AI in Agriculture 7.5 Discussion 7.6 Conclusion References 8 Enhancing Government Actions Against Covid-19 Using Computer Science 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Literature Review 8.2.1 Optimizing Vaccination 8.2.2 Building Trust 8.2.3 Economy 8.3 Examples of Innovations to Fight the Pandemic 8.3.1 The Neutralization Antibody Sustaining Method: A Mechanism to Maintain a High Level of Antibodies Among the Population 8.3.2 The Vaccination Fraud Detection Method: A Process to Identify Fraud 8.3.3 The School Block-Chain Detection Method: Recording the Interactions of School Children to Follow Back the Contamination Chain 8.3.4 The Sanitary Measures Optimization: Defining a Suitable Trade-off Between Measures Restricting the Individual Rights of Citizens and Protection of the Population Through Sanitary Measures 8.4 Conclusion and Perspectives References 9 From Paper to Digital: e-Government’s Evolution and Pitfalls in Brazil 9.1 Introduction 9.2 State Reform and the Emergence of Electronic Government in the Brazilian Government 9.2.1 Access to Public Services and Data Information (1990–1998) 9.2.2 Internet-Based Service Delivery (1999–2018) 9.2.3 Brazilian Data Protection Law (LGPD), Citizens’ Data and Government 9.2.4 Digitization and Platformization (2019–Nowadays) 9.3 Challenges in e-government Services 9.4 Concluding Ideas Appendix A. References 10 The Role of Public Libraries in Improving Public Literacy Through Twitter Social Media in Indonesia 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Literature Review 10.2.1 Social Media as a Means of Communication and Information 10.2.2 Social Media as a Means of Communication and Public Policy Information 10.2.3 Social Media as a Means of Library Literacy 10.3 Research Method 10.4 Findings 10.5 Discussion 10.6 Conclusion References