Comprehensive Board Review in Orthopaedic Surgery

Description

Comprehensive Board Review in Orthopaedic Surgery Although the scope of orthopaedic surgery continues to expand on a daily basis, the fundamental information required to pass orthopaedic in-training, board, and maintenance of certification (MOC) exams remains largely unchanged, yet essential. Preparation for the Orthopaedics In-Training Exam (OITE) and American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) Part 1, is highly challenging. Recognizing the considerable challenges faced by residents and practicing orthopaedic surgeons, the authors have written an essential guide that provides invaluable knowledge and clinical pearls on the fundamentals of orthopaedic surgery. Every chapter is coauthored, providing readers with a well-rounded perspective from both a senior faculty member and a recently matriculated orthopaedic resident/fellow. Chapters are organized by subspecialty, with margin boxes that highlight test-taking components, clinical insights gleaned from years of experience, and figures specifically focused on helping readers understand and retain difficult concepts. Pertinent anatomy is precisely illustrated and described in each subspecialty chapter, enabling understanding of normal and pathologic musculoskeletal system structures and functions. Key Features: An emphasis on subjects that are frequently tested on examsNearly 500 meticulously created illustrationsStructured treatment algorithms that include best diagnostic modalities, expected outcomes, and most common complications Study tips, mnemonics, and classification schemesEasy-to-read bulleted formatting enables the reader to organize, synthesize, and memorize the information with ease This indispensable book will greatly benefit orthopaedic residents preparing for board examinations and board-certified orthopaedic surgeons who need to fulfill MOC requirements. Comprehensive Board Review in Orthopaedic Surgery Title Page Copyright Contents Preface Acknowledgments Contributors 1 Basic Science 2 Musculoskeletal Oncology and Pathology Table 1.1 Cell Types of Bone Fig. 1.1 Activators and inhibitors of osteoblastsand osteoclasts. IL, interleukin; OPG, osteoprotegerin;PTH, parathyroid hormone; RANK, receptoractivator of nuclear factor kappa B; RANKL, receptoractivator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand. 3. Types of bone (Fig. 1.2) 3 Trauma 4 Pediatrics 5 Spine 6 Adult Hip and Knee Reconstruction 7 Shoulder, Elbow, and Upper Extremity Sports 8 Sports Medicine and Lower Extremity Sports 9 Hand and Microvasculature I. Anatomy Fig. 9.1 The radius and ulna of the right arm in (a) supination and (b) pronation. Fig. 9.2 The radius and ulna of the right forearm. Anterosuperiorview. The proximal and distal radioulnar joints are functionally interlinkedby the interosseous membrane between the radius andulna. Fig. 9.3 Cross section through the rightproximal radioulnar joint in pronation.Owing to the slightly oval shape of theradial head, the pronation/supination axisthat runs through the radial head moves~ 2 mm radially during pronation. Thisensures that when the hand is pronated,there will be sufficient space for the radialtuberosity. Fig. 9.4 Rotation of the radius and ulna during (a) supination, (b) semipronation, and (c) pronation. The dorsal and palmar radioulnar ligamentsare part of the “ulnocarpal complex,” which serves to stabilize the distal radioulnar joint. The mode of contact between the two distalarticular segments varies with the position of the radius and ulna. Fig. 9.5 Range and axis of pronation/supination of the righthand. The neutral (0-degree) position of the hand and forearm iscalled semipronation. The axis of pronation/supination extendsthrough the head of the radius and the styloid process of ulna.(a) Supination. (b) Pronation. (c) Supination of the hand with theelbow flexed. (d) Pronation of the hand with the elbow flexed. Fig. 9.6 The distal articular surfaces of the radius and ulnar of rightforearm. Fig. 9.7 The bones of the right hand. Palmar view. 10 Foot and Ankle 11 Amputations and Rehabilitation 12 Biomechanics and Biostatistics Index