Biomedical Engineering Tools for Management for Patients with COVID-19

Description

Biomedical Engineering Tools for Management of Patients with COVID-19 presents biomedical engineering tools under research (and in development) that can be used for the management of COVID-19 patients, along with BME tools in the global environment that curtail and prevent the spread of the virus. BME tools covered in the book include new disinfectants and sterilization equipment, testing devices for rapid and accurate COVID-19 diagnosis, Internet of Things applications in COVID-19 hospitals, analytics, Data Science and statistical modeling applied to COVID-19 tracking, Smart City instruments and applications, and more. Later sections discuss smart tools in telemedicine and e-health. Biomedical engineering tools can provide engineers, computer scientists, clinicians and other policymakers with solutions for managing patient treatment, applying data analysis techniques, and applying tools to help the general population curtail spread of the virus. Front Cover Biomedical Engineering Tools for Management for Patients With COVID-19 Copyright Page Contents List of contributors 1 A review: novel coronavirus (COVID-19): an evidence-based approach 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 History and origin 1.2 Types 1.2.1 Common types 1.2.2 Coronaviruses can spread in the following ways 1.3 COVID-19 1.3.1 Common symptoms include 1.3.2 Characteristics 1.4 Coronavirus life cycle 1.4.1 Steps 1.5 Epidemiology 1.6 Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention 1.6.1 Therapeutic options for the treatment of 2019-novel coronavirus 1.6.1.1 Antiviral Nucleoside analog Neuraminidase inhibitors 1.6.1.2 Host-directed therapies 1.6.1.3 Immunomodulators Corticosteroids Interferon 1.6.1.4 Other therapies 1.6.2 Prevention 1.7 Conclusions Consent for publication Availability of data and materials Ethical approval Declaration of conflicting interests Funding References 2 State-of-the-art equipment for rapid and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Types of diagnosis techniques 2.2.1 Viral RNA detection-based techniques 2.2.1.1 Next-generation sequencing Advantages Limitations 2.2.1.2 Real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) Advantages Limitations 2.2.1.3 Reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification Advantages Limitations 2.2.2 Serology/immunology-based diagnostics 2.2.2.1 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Advantages Limitations 2.2.3 Point-of-care diagnostics 2.2.3.1 Chip-based biosensors for rapid diagnosis 2.2.3.2 Paper-based biosensors for rapid diagnosis 2.2.4 Clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY Advantages Limitations 2.2.5 Imaging-based techniques 2.2.5.1 Chest X-ray 2.2.5.2 Computed tomography 2.2.5.3 Ultrasound 2.2.6 Clinical data to predict progression 2.3 Conclusion and further readings References 3 Radiotherapy challenges in COVID era 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Clinical, radiobiological, and therapeutic considerations in the decision of palliative whole brain irradiation in the ... 3.3 New perspectives for hypofractionated radiotherapy in breast cancer—recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic 3.4 Prostate cancer radiotherapy in the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak 3.5 Radiation therapy for locally advanced NSCLC during COVID-19 pandemic—challenges and risks beyond clinical guidelines References Further reading 4 In-person versus virtual activities: Assessing the usefulness and impact of simulated experiments, a case study 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Short overview of the virtual physics laboratory 4.3 Analysis of answers 4.4 Conclusions References 5 Coronavirus disease COVID-19 tracking the global outbreak. SEIR compartmental model applied to SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Romania 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Model overview and epidemic calculator 5.3 Conclusions References 6 ROI extraction in CT lung images of COVID-19 using Fast Fuzzy C means clustering 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Materials and methods 6.2.1 Fast Fuzzy C means clustering 6.3 Result and discussion 6.3.1 Evaluation of the quality of clustering algorithm 6.3.2 Comparison of running time 6.3.3 Inferences and future works 6.4 Conclusion Acknowledgment References 7 Smart equipment to protect patients and people from COVID disease 7.1 Introduction 7.1.1 Background 7.2 A review on waste management 7.2.1 Working model of disposal of waste using smart equipment 7.2.2 Case study on COVID-19 sample data to identify the percentage of data analysis 7.2.3 Analysis made of the waste disposal 7.3 Conclusion 7.4 Future work References 8 The role of physical activities for patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 after convalescence period 8.1 The COVID-19 illness and the beginning of the pandemic 8.2 Practicing physical activities 8.3 Effort parameters in physical activities 8.3.1 The volume of effort 8.3.2 The intensity of effort 8.3.3 The duration of effort 8.3.4 The frequency of effort 8.3.5 The complexity of effort 8.4 Physical activities at different age categories 8.5 Life expectancy 8.6 Design of physical activity programs 8.7 The effects of diseases on the human body 8.8 Healthy habits for a good quality of living 8.9 Practicing physical exercises by using applications to monitor effort and recover the respiratory function References 9 Physiotherapeutic management for patients with Covid-19 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Physiotherapeutic management for patients with COVID-19 9.2.1 The functional evaluation 9.2.2 The objective and interventions specific to the physiotherapy program 9.2.3 Methods and means used in the physiotherapy process 9.2.4 Methodical indication for physiotherapeutic treatment 9.2.5 Early mobilization of the patient with respiratory diseases 9.2.6 Physiotherapy in the first 6 weeks after hospital discharge 9.2.7 Physiotherapy after 6 weeks post hospital discharge 9.2.8 Example of exercise program after hospital discharge References 10 Daily confirmed cases and deaths prediction of novel coronavirus in Asian continent Polynomial Neural Network 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Data collection 10.3 Polynomial Neural Network 10.4 Result and discussion 10.5 Conclusion References 11 Smart sensing systems for in-home health status and emotional well-being monitoring during COVID-19 11.1 COVID-19 virus and the evolution of the pandemic 11.2 In-home health smart sensing systems 11.3 Telerehabilitation as a remotely solution during COVID-19 pandemic 11.4 Conclusions References 12 Methods of prophylaxis and control for young people during COVID-19 period 12.1 COVID-19 around the world 12.1.1 Consequences of the quarantine period/lockdown 12.1.2 Impact of the social and physical isolation 12.2 Lockdown in Romania determined by COVID-19 12.2.1 Influence of the lockdown upon youth/students 12.2.2 Influence of the lockdown upon youth/students with disabilities 12.3 Importance and the prophylactic role of physical exercises 12.4 Nutrition and physical activities 12.5 Physical exercises 12.5.1 Modalities of doing physical exercises correlated to respiratory gymnastics 12.5.2 Prophylactic role of respiratory gymnastics References Index Back Cover