Human Geoscience

Description

This book is a product of the joint efforts of interdisciplinary academic fields under the integrative framework of human geoscience. Human geoscience is a new genre of geoscience concerned with the natural phenomena that occur on the surface of the Earth and their relations with human activities. It therefore has connections with many fields of geoscience, namely, physical geography, geomorphology, geology, soil science, sedimentology, seismology, volcanology, meteorology, climatology, oceanography, and hydrology. It also has strong links to the humanities, social sciences, agricultural sciences, and engineering related to disaster prevention or mitigation. All these disciplines are important fields for understanding disasters and global environmental problems and for evaluating the associated risks comprehensively, then proposing mitigation strategies.The volume is designed for those who may not necessarily have a geoscience background but have broad scientific interest in understanding the causes, mechanisms, and consequences of geo-disasters and global environmental problems and wish to make the world more sustainable on that basis. The book consists of six parts: I. Introduction, II. Earth Surface Realms, III. Natural Resources and Society, IV. Natural Hazards and Society, V. Global Environmental Problems, and VI. Global Sustainability Programmes and Human Geoscience, which discusses the contribution of this field of science to a new comprehensive framework for global sustainability. Front Matter ....Pages i-xii Front Matter ....Pages 1-1 Emergence of Human Geoscience (Yukio Himiyama)....Pages 3-18 Front Matter ....Pages 19-19 Atmosphere—The Gaseous Realm Which Supports Human Life (Akio Kitoh)....Pages 21-26 Lithosphere—The Solid Realm Which Supports Human Life (Takashi Oguchi)....Pages 27-38 Hydrosphere—The Water Realm Which Supports Human Life (Taikan Oki)....Pages 39-46 Human Sphere—The Earth Surface Realm Created by Human (Yukio Himiyama)....Pages 47-57 Front Matter ....Pages 59-59 World Land Resources at Stake (Yukio Himiyama)....Pages 61-73 World Soil Resources at Stake (Tsuyoshi Miyazaki, Chihiro Kato)....Pages 75-88 World Water Resources at Stake (Taikan Oki)....Pages 89-95 Front Matter ....Pages 97-97 Active Fault and Earthquake Disasters (Yasuhiro Suzuki)....Pages 99-117 Earthquake Disasters and Government Committees (Kenji Satake)....Pages 119-131 Tsunami Science and Disaster Prevention (Kenji Satake)....Pages 133-144 Volcanic Eruption and Human Geoscience (Setsuya Nakada)....Pages 145-157 The 2014 Eruption of Mt. Ontake Volcano and Its Disaster (Koshun Yamaoka)....Pages 159-166 Mud Volcanoes and Human Geoscience (Kazuhiro Tanaka, Keiji Asano, Tomokazu Ishihara, Masatoshi Watanabe, Dai Komatsubara, Natsuko Kasirajima et al.)....Pages 167-188 Land-Use Change and Flood Risk Transformation in Urban Area (Shigeko Haruyama)....Pages 189-201 Landslides and Human Geoscience (Masahiro Chigira)....Pages 203-229 Nuclear Disaster and Human Geoscience (Akihiko Kondoh, Akira Hama)....Pages 231-246 Front Matter ....Pages 247-247 Population Dynamics and the Environment (Yoshiki Wakabayashi)....Pages 249-260 Urbanization: Concept, Mechanism, and Global Implications (Yuji Murayama, Ronald C. Estoque)....Pages 261-282 Climate Change We Human Are Responsible for (Akio Kitoh)....Pages 283-293 Anthropogenic Lead Pollution in the Ocean (Toshitaka Gamo)....Pages 295-306 Front Matter ....Pages 307-307 Education for a Sustainable Society (Yoshiyasu Ida)....Pages 309-320 Geo-information Sharing for Sustainable Development of Human Society (Eikichi Tsukuda, Shinji Takarada, Koki Iwao, Joel Bandibas)....Pages 321-332 Global Sustainability Programmes and Human Geoscience (Yukio Himiyama)....Pages 333-339