Global Perspectives on Indian Spirituality and Management: The Legacy of S.K. Chakraborty

Description

This book brings together a collection of articles from eminent scholars and practitioners from India, Europe, the USA, and Australia and investigates the applicability of spiritually inspired business models in Indian and Western contexts. This book is a tribute to the revered Indian management scholar and philosopher Professor S. K. Chakraborty, a pioneer of human values and Indian ethos in management. It explores the potentials and pitfalls of spiritual-based leadership and provides directions for renewing business education to embrace human values and spirituality. The forty contributions in the book are divided into seven sections―introduction; business ethics and management; developing new organizational models and processes; potentials and pitfalls of spirituality-based leadership; leaders and their world; education, spirituality, and society; ways to go―to bring out different aspects of the spirituality in business model endorsed by Chakraborty. The book is a treasure trove for researchers of not only business ethics, but also of leadership and strategy studies, in addition to the organization professionals and the general reader for expert insights on the topic. Preface Contents Editors and Contributors Introduction Ancient Indian Wisdom for Modern Business 1 Issues and Themes Life and Work of S. K. Chakraborty 1 The Early Days 2 The Commonwealth Scholar 3 Looking and Growing Within 4 Connecting Indian Management with Its Roots 5 Responding to Alien Ideas 6 Walking the Talk 7 Modelling Indian Leadership Concept 8 Call for a Spiritual Economics 9 Spirituality in Management—The End, not the Means 10 Beyond Cognitive Ethics 11 Devotee of a Karmayogi 12 Working at the Causal Level 13 Communicating to the Corporate Executives 14 Learning by Heart 15 How It All Started 16 The Institution Builder 17 The Philanthropic Āchārya 18 Legacy of a Pilgrim 19 The Curtain Falls References Vedas and Management 1 Management 2 Vedas 3 Administrative Management 4 Organisational Management 5 Self-management 6 Conclusion Business Ethics and Management From Professional Ethics to a Spiritual Search for Meaning: Some Reflections 1 The Structure and Purpose of a Professional Ethic 2 The Limits of Professional Ethics. The Case of “The Children Act” 3 The Spiritual Foundation of Professional Ethics 4 The Art of Spiritual Discernment 4.1 The Difference Between Reasoning and Judging 4.2 The Role of Taste, Imagination, and Emotions 4.3 The Validation of Judgments of Taste 5 Conclusions References On Ego and Economics Subordinated by Spirit: Reflections on the ‘Spirinomics’ of  S. K. Chakraborty 1 The Sources for S. K. Chakraborty’s ‘Spirinomics’ 2 Detachment of the Ego-Self 3 Managing the Ego-Self 4 Rajarshi Leadership—Wise Leadership 5 The Nature of Desire and Economic Paradigms References Spiritual Turn in Business and Management 1 Why Spirituality in Business? 2 Materialistic Management Versus Spiritual-Based Management 3 Working Models of Spiritual-Based Businesses 3.1 Indian Models 3.2 European Models 4 Conclusion References From Reason-Based Decision-Making to Intuition-Based Management 1 Limitations of Human Intelligence 2 Our Evolutionary Ascent 2.1 The Nature of Intuition 2.2 The Role of Reasoning in Intuition 2.3 Practices for Developing Intuition 3 Application in Corporate Life and Decision-Making 4 Conclusion References 8 Understanding Human Values through Integrative Dialogue: The Śāstrārtha Method 1 Introduction 1.1 Human Values for Organisations 1.2 Dialogue as Part of Action Research 2 Explaining Śāstrārtha 3 Examples in Organisational Context 3.1 Fallacious and Fault-Finding Dialogues 3.2 Applying Śāstrārtha to Management by Values 4 Conclusion References Ethical Decision-Making—Synthesizing S. K. Chakraborty’s Classification of Ethics with Levels of Moral Judgement and the Four-Component Model 1 Ethics and Ethical Decision-Making Models 2 The Consciousness-Based Ethical Decision-Making Model 2.1 Moral Issue Framing and Norms 2.2 Rest’s Four Components (FC) of Ethical Decision-Making 2.3 Situational Factors 2.4 Individual Factors 2.5 Emotions and Intuitions 2.6 Moral Reasoning and Rationalization 2.7 Three Levels of Moral Judgment (TMJ) 3 Classifications of Ethics 4 Conclusion and Future Directions References Time to Globalize Sarvodaya? 1 Gandhi Lights the Lamp 2 Ek Muthi Chawal or a Handful of Rice 3 The Spiritual Aspect of Sarvoyada 4 Conclusion References From Indian and Utopian Ethos to Management for Spiritual Growth 1 The Nature of ‘Homo Economicus’? 2 The Indian Ethos 3 From Indian Ethos to Utopian Thinking 4 Toward an Economy and Management of Hope? References Developing New Organizational Models and Processes A Note on Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility for Multinational Enterprises References Creating Sustainable Wealth through Human-Centered Complex Adaptive Systems 1 Reinforcing Two Aspects of CAS Through Core Values 2 Individual Authenticity 3 The Secret to Creating a Living Culture 4 Building EQ and Adaptability in Teams 5 Neuroplasticity and Creating New Markets 6 Conclusion References Values of Management in Ecologically Conscious Businesses 1 Central Propositions 2 Literature Review 3 Empirical Study 4 Conclusions and Future Directions References Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility: Insights from Indian Ethos 1 Sustainability and CSR in India: Ancient Roots, Modern Reality 2 The Evolution of Corporate Social Responsibility 3 Indian Perspectives 4 Concluding Reflections References Potentials and Pitfalls of Spiritual-Based Leadership Reflections on “Spirituality as the Context for Leadership” 1 Introduction 2 Developments in the Theory and Practice of Leadership in Scandinavia 3 Developments in the Theory and Practice of Leadership in India 4 Conclusions and Recommendations References Translating Swami Vivekananda into Management Practice 1 Swami Vivekananda’s American Love 2 The Need for Organized Work 3 Vivekananda’s Model of Leadership 4 Chakraborty’s Teaching of Vivekananda Management References Dharma of Leadership: Wisdom of the Bhagavad Gita in an Uncertain World 1 Introduction 2 Leaders Integrate People and Processes 3 The Leader’s World Reflects Unmanifest Dharma 4 The Three Integral Values of Dharmic Leadership: Authenticity, Sustainability and Wholeness References Krishna: A Study in Trans-ethical Leadership Leadership as an Adventure of Consciousness 1 Introduction 2 Journey of Human Values 3 Values Development: Roles of Reason and Emotion 4 Pathway to Leadership Wisdom 5 Paradigm Shift in Management Toward Spirituality and Consciousness 6 Concluding Reflections: Leadership as Adventure of Consciousness 7 Postscript: An Indian Episode References Indian Models of Management and Leadership with Roots in Ancient Wisdom 1 OSHA Model of Management and Leadership 2 Theory K of Enlightened Leadership 3 Negergy-Synergy Grid of Leadership 4 ‘MBA’ Model of Decision-Making 5 Corporate Rishi Model of Leadership: Rishi as Re-See References Wise Leadership—Lokasamgraha and Rajarshi Revisited 1 Introduction 2 Revisiting the Lokasamgraha 3 LR Model of Wise Leadership 4 Conclusion References Upanishads and Transformational Leadership 1 The Central Problem: Distinguishing Between Leadership and Power 1.1 Power 1.2 Leadership 1.3 Two Types of Knowledge 2 Upanishads as Foundation for Understanding Leadership 2.1 Transformational Leadership 2.2 Moral Leadership 2.3 Ethical Leadership 3 Karma-Yoga: Path Toward Oneness 3.1 Unselfishness or Self-Abnegation 3.2 Non-Attachment 3.3 Duty-Orientation 3.4 Gunas 4 Conclusion References Leaders and Their World Management: The “Sanatana” Approach Inspired Leadership and Indian Wisdom in Managing Crisis 1 Introduction 2 Spiritual Leadership, Trait and Contingency Theory of Leadership 3 Self-leadership as Expounded in Bhagavad Geeta 4 Leadership of the Emotional Mind 5 Leadership of the Intellectual Mind 6 Self-Leadership and Patanjali References Times May Change, What Is Right Does Not 1 Ethos of the Tata Group 1.1 Trail Blazers of People-Centric Practices in Business (Values in Action) 1.2 The Pursuit of Values 1.3 A Meeting of Minds 1.4 Leadership with Trust 2 From the Abstract to the Finite—The Striving for Excellence Continues 2.1 Framework for Leadership in Business Ethics (LBE) 2.2 Tata Code of Conduct (TCoC—1998) 2.3 Management of Business Ethics (MBE) Assurance Survey (2003 Onward) 2.4 MBE Reference Manual (2006) 2.5 The TQMS—MCHV Project in Business Ethics Assessment 2.6 TCoC Refresh (2008) 2.7 MBE Implementation Booklet (2008) 2.8 Group Ethics Office (2013) 2.9 Annual Compliance Report (2014) 2.10 Tata Code of Conduct (TCoC—2015) 3 The Times We Live In 4 Conclusion Nurturing Conscious Organizations and Individuals 1 Is There a Need for Consciousness Organizations or Individuals? 2 Current Global Contexts, Paradigms and Approaches 3 Some Possible Approaches for Enhancing Consciousness 3.1 Organizational Culture 3.2 Self-development and Transcending the Self 4 Conclusion and Future Suggestions References Education, Spirituality, and Society India’s Svaraj Parampara: Nation and Modernity in India 1 Still Seeking Svaraj 2 What is Svaraj? 3 Sri Aurobindo’s Idea of Svaraj 4 Svaraj in Today’s Context Is the Bhagavad Gita Modern? 1 Is the Bhagavad Gita Modern? 2 The Bhagavad Gita’s Platform—The Mahabharata 3 The Bhagavad Gita’s Setting—The Actors, Problem, Process 3.1 The Actors—Prince Arjuna 3.2 The Actors—Lord Krishna 3.3 The Problem: Confusion 3.4 The Process: Dialogue 4 The Bhagavad Gita’s Messages—Karma Yoga, Gyana Yoga, Bhakti Yoga 4.1 The Bhagavad Gita’s Messages—Karma Yoga 4.2 The Messages of the Bhagavad Gita—Gyana Yoga 4.3 The Messages of the Gita—Bhakti Yoga 5 Modern Science and the Gita References Love in the Classroom? The Relevance of Erich Fromm’s Concept of Love for Business Students 1 The Central Problem 2 State-of-the-Art of the Literature 3 My Approach and Solutions 4 Conclusions and Suggestions for Further Research References Teaching Ethics to Management Students in a Growth-Obsessed India 1 The Boom and Its Underbelly 2 In the Classroom 3 Business Pushes a Voluntary Code 4 A Wider Lens References Ethics, Consumerism and Sustainability in the Backdrop of the Kathopanishad 1 Upanishad and Its Place in the Indian Vedantic Scriptural System 2 Worldly Pursuits—The Four Purusharthas 3 The Link Between the Purusharthas, Ethics and Consumerism 4 Concluding Thoughts References Exploring the Centrality and Transformative Power of Spirituality 1 The Context 2 The Central Importance of Spirituality 3 Subjective Realization of Spirituality 4 Conclusions References Epilogue Man, the Unmanageable: Meditations on Clarity, Morality and Meditation 1 Introduction 2 Philosophical Conceptual Clarity and Yogic Meditation 3 A Strong Unity of Virtues Thesis 4 Logical Reasoning and Yoga Meditation 5 Yoga and Moral Virtues 6 The Unmanageability of Human Beings 7 Concluding Unorthodox Confession References