ENGLISH

Biochemistry for Anesthesiologists and Intensivists

By Fernando Alemanno (ed.)

Book information

Publisher
Springer
Year
2020
ISBN
9783030267216, 3030267210
Language
english
Format
PDF
Filesize
6 MB (6261813 bytes)
Edition
1
Pages
\251
Time added
2021-08-07 18:18:58

Description

Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Contents 1: Enzymes and Coenzymes (A Brief, Boring but Necessary Preamble) References Further Reading 2: Anaerobic Glycolysis or Embden–Meyerhof Pathway 2.1 The Origins of ATP 2.2 What ATP Is for References Further Reading 3: Tricarboxylic Acids Cycle or Krebs Cycle 3.1 The Respiratory Chain 3.2 The Cytochromes 3.2.1 Cytochrome P-450 References Further Reading 4: Glutamate – GABA Collateral Cycle 4.1 Magnesium 4.2 Sodium Gamma Hydroxybutyrate References Further Reading 5: Hexose-Monophosphate Shunt or Horecker Cycle (The Sleep Pathway) 5.1 Glucuronic Acid 5.2 Vitamin C 5.3 Hyaluronic Acid 5.4 Sleep References Further Reading 6: Neurotransmitters 6.1 Ionotropic and Metabotropic Receptors 6.2 Acetylcholine 6.2.1 The Muscarinic Effects of Acetylcholine 6.2.2 The Nicotinic Effects of Acetylcholine 6.3 Catecholamines 6.3.1 The Catecholamine Receptors 6.4 Substance P 6.5 Glutamate and GABA 6.6 Serotonin 6.7 Synthesis of Melatonin 6.8 Memory References Further Reading 7: Blood–Brain Barrier References Further Reading 8: Shock 8.1 The Origins 8.1.1 Pathogenesis 8.2 The Lytic Cocktail 8.3 The State of Shock 8.4 General Haemodynamic Syndrome 8.5 Disturbances of the Microcirculation 8.6 Metabolic Disturbances 8.7 Free Radicals 8.8 Therapy 8.9 Plasma Expanders 8.10 Cortisones 8.11 Catecholamines 8.12 Vasodilators 8.13 Plasma Filtration 8.14 Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Germs 8.15 Gram+ and Gram− References Further Reading 9: Cerebral Oedema 9.1 Pathogenesis 9.2 Treatment of Cerebral Oedema 9.3 Mannitol 9.4 Glycerol 9.5 Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) (A molecule deserving of more attention) 9.6 Dihydroxyacetone for Intracarotid Infusion 9.7 Corticosteroids 9.8 Cytidine Diphosphocholine (Citicoline) 9.9 Glycerophospholipids 9.10 Sphingophospholipids 9.11 Hypertonic Saline Solution (HSS) 9.12 Barbiturate Coma 9.13 Research in the New Millennium 9.14 AQP4 Water Channels 9.15 Antagonists of Substance P 9.16 Conclusions References Further Reading 10: Pulmonary Surfactant Bibliography 11: When the Mind Does Not Work as It Should 11.1 Schizophrenia 11.1.1 Schizophrenia and… 11.1.1.1 …Dopamine 11.1.1.2 …Serotonin 11.1.1.3 …Glutamate and GABA 11.1.1.4 …Acetylcholine 11.1.1.5 …Substance P 11.2 Depression 11.2.1 Serotonin 11.2.2 Influence of Substance P 11.2.3 Influence of the Pituitary-Adrenal Axis 11.2.4 Inhibition of the Action References Further Reading 12: Thiamine (Vitamin B1) 12.1 Mechanism of Action of Vitamin B1 in the Synthesis of Acetylcholine 12.2 Thiamine Synaptic Anaesthesia 12.3 Mechanism of Action of Thiamine at Elevated Doses 12.4 Thiamine Anaesthesia in Clinical Practice 12.5 From Anaesthesia to Intensive Therapy 12.5.1 Therapeutic Potential of Thiamine in Tetanus 12.6 Mechanism of Action of the Oximes 12.7 Mechanism of Action of Thiamine 12.7.1 Case History 12.8 Thiamine Analgesia 12.8.1 Rationale for Perineural Application 12.8.2 Clinical Cases References Further Reading 13: Normobaric Oxygen Therapy (a little used therapeutic system) 13.1 Indications 13.2 Clinical Application References Further Reading 14: Acid–Base Equilibrium (cliche paper yellow) 14.1 Definitions 14.2 Some Necessary Clarifications 14.2.1 Ionization 14.2.2 Electrolytic Dissociation Equilibria 14.2.3 Dissociation of Water 14.2.4 pH 14.3 Buffer System 14.4 Extracellular Buffers 14.5 Henderson–Hasselbalch Equation 14.6 What the Henderson–Hasselbalch Equation Is for 14.7 Acid–Base Equilibrium in Clinical Practice 14.8 Modifications of the Acid–Base Equilibrium 14.8.1 Respiratory Acidosis 14.8.1.1 Therapy 14.8.2 Respiratory Alkalosis 14.8.2.1 Therapy 14.8.3 Metabolic Acidosis 14.8.3.1 Therapy 14.8.4 Metabolic Alkalosis 14.8.4.1 Therapy 14.8.5 Electrolytic Balance (Anion Gap) References Further Reading 15: Theories of Narcosis 15.1 Theory of Protoplasmic Semi-coagulation (Claude Bernard 1878) 15.2 Partition Coefficient Theory (Meyer and Overton) 15.3 Oxidative Phsphorilation Inhibition Theory (Quastel 1952) 15.4 Clathrates 15.5 Action on the Multimodal Receptors of Inhalation Anaesthetics 15.6 Propane Derivatives (3 Atoms of C) References Further Reading 16: Local Anaesthetics 16.1 Esters 16.1.1 Cocaine 16.1.2 Procaine 16.2 Amides 16.2.1 Lidocaine 16.2.2 Etidocaine 16.2.3 Mepivacaine 16.2.4 Bupivacaine 16.2.5 Prilocaine 16.2.6 Articaine 16.3 Mechanism of Action of Local Anaesthetics 16.4 Toxicity of Local Anaesthetics 16.5 Principal Ingredients of a Lipid Preparation for Total Parenteral Nutrition References Further Reading 17: Perineural Adjuvants 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Patients Selection 17.3 Epinephrine 17.4 Sodium Bicarbonate 17.5 Alpha2-Agonists 17.5.1 Clonidine 17.5.2 Dexmedetomidine 17.6 Dexamethasone 17.7 Midazolam 17.8 N-methyl-d-Aspartate (NMDA) Antagonists 17.9 Opiates 17.9.1 Rationale 17.9.2 Buprenorphine 17.9.3 Perineural Application 17.9.4 Tramadol 17.9.5 Perineural Application 17.10 Perspectives 17.10.1 Thiamine References Further Reading 18: The Grand Design 18.1 Photosynthesis 18.2 Considerations on the Periodic Table of the Elements 18.3 Conclusions References Further Reading 19: Epilogue and Farewell 19.1 Farewell

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