Acoustics and Noise Control

Description

Acoustics and Noise Control provides a detailed and comprehensive introduction to the principles and practice of acoustics and noise control. Since the last edition was published in 1996 there have been many changes and additions to standards, laws and regulations, codes of practice relating to noise, and in noise measurement techniques and noise control technology so this new edition has been fully revised and updated throughout. The book assumes no previous knowledge of the subject and requires only a basic knowledge of mathematics and physics. There are worked examples in the text to aid understanding and a range of experiments help students use complicated apparatus. Thoroughly revised to cover the latest changes in standards, codes of practice and legislation, this new edition covers much of the Institute of Acoustics Diploma syllabus and has an increased emphasis on the legal issues relating to noise control.   Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Brief Contents Table of Contents Preface Authors’ acknowledgements Publisher’s acknowledgements Terminology and notation Chapter 1 The nature and behaviour of sound 1.1 A qualitative picture of wave motion 1.2 Frequency and wavelength and sound speed 1.3 A mathematical description of a plane progressive wave 1.4 The audible range of sound pressures and frequencies 1.5 Sound pressure, sound power, sound intensity and acoustic impedance 1.6 More complex waveforms – frequency analysis, peak and RMS values 1.7 The decibel scale 1.8 Equal loudness contours and the A-weighting network, dBA 1.9 Types of elastic waves in solids and fluids 1.10 Absorption and attenuation of sound 1.11 Diffraction 1.12 Reflection 1.13 Interference and standing waves 1.14 Refraction Appendix 1.1 Octave and one third octave band centre bands and bandwidths Questions Chapter 2 Sound propagation 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The geometric spreading of sound 2.3 Monopole, dipole and vibrating piston sources 2.4 Near and far acoustic fields of sound sources 2.5 Directivity of sound sources 2.6 The prediction of sound levels from real sound sources 2.7 Outdoor sound propagation 2.8 Absorption of sound in air 2.9 Attenuation from propagation close to the ground 2.10 Refraction of sound in the atmosphere 2.11 Barriers 2.12 Other sound propagation effects 2.13 Prediction of outdoor sound levels and noise mapping 2.14 The Doppler effect Questions Chapter 3 Human response to noise 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The ear 3.3 Aspects of hearing 3.4 Audiometry 3.5 Types and sources of hearing loss 3.6 Estimation of risk of noise induced hearing loss 3.7 Assessment of loudness of sound 3.8 Noisiness, the Noy and PNdB 3.9 Acceptable noise levels inside buildings 3.10 Other adverse effects of noise on health Questions Chapter 4 Environmental noise 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Time varying noise – continuous equivalent noise level, LAeq,T 4.3 A review of time varying noise descriptors 4.4 The assessment of public response to environmental noise 4.5 A brief history of the development of noise indices and criteria 4.6 Prediction assessment and mitigation of environmental noise 4.7 Legislation, regulations, standards and codes of practice Questions Chapter 5 Room acoustics 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Sound absorption 5.3 Room acoustics 5.4 The transient case of Sabine acoustics 5.5 Sabine acoustics for steady state situations 5.6 Room acoustics measurements 5.7 Room modes 5.8 Design of rooms for a good acoustic environment 5.9 Sound intensity and energy density in a diffuse sound field Appendix 5.1 Derivation of standing wave tube formula Appendix 5.2 Derivation of Eyring’s formula Appendix 5.3 Derivation of Sabine’s formula Appendix 5.4 Derivation of formula for reverberant sound level in a room Questions Chapter 6 Sound insulation 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Sound reduction index of composite partitions 6.3 Sound transmission calculations 6.4 The measurement of sound insulation 6.5 Rating of sound insulation 6.6 Factors affecting sound reduction index of partitions 6.7 Summary of Building Regulations 2000 Part E (2003 edition) 6.8 Flanking paths and structure-borne sound Appendix 6.1 Derivation of room to room transmission equation Questions Chapter 7 Vibration 7.1 Introduction 7.2 The nature of vibration 7.3 Displacement, velocity and acceleration 7.4 The behaviour of a mass–spring–damper system 7.5 Vibration isolation 7.6 The assessment of vibration 7.7 Radiation of sound from a vibrating surface Appendix 7.1 The mathematical theory of the mass–spring–damper system Questions Chapter 8 Measurement and instrumentation 8.1 Introduction 8.2 The measurement of sound levels 8.3 Microphones 8.4 Linearity, frequency response and dynamic range 8.5 The use of analogue and digital signal processing in sound level meters 8.6 Frequency analysis 8.7 The performance of sound level meters 8.8 Introduction to the principles of the direct measurement of acoustic intensity 8.9 The measurement of sound power levels 8.10 The measurement of vibration 8.11 Calibration of noise and vibration measurements 8.12 Measurement uncertainty 8.13 A measurement and instrumentation exercise Questions Chapter 9 Noise control 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Control of noise by good planning and management 9.3 Noise control strategy for multiple sources 9.4 Mechanisms of noise generation 9.5 Noise from machinery – simple model 9.6 The reduction of noise from sound radiating surfaces 9.7 Diagnosis – sources, mechanisms, paths and radiating areas 9.8 Control of sound transmission: absorption, insulation, isolation and damping 9.9 Acoustic enclosures 9.10 Fan and duct noise and attenuators 9.11 Reactive silencers 9.12 Jets and exhausts 9.13 Active noise control 9.14 The specification of noise from machinery, sound pressure level and sound power level 9.15 Hearing protectors 9.16 The Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005: a summary Appendix 9.1 Derivation of enclosure insertion loss formula Questions Chapter 10 The law relating to noise 10.1 English law 10.2 European Union law 10.3 The eradication or reduction of noise or vibration at common law 10.4 Statute law: nuisances 10.5 Construction sites 10.6 Noise in streets and neighbourhoods 10.7 Noise abatement zones 10.8 Noise and personal health and welfare 10.9 The Land Compensation Act 1973: compensation for noise caused by public works 10.10 Insulation requirements under the Building Regulations 10.11 Spatial planning (town and country planning) 10.12 Civil aviation 10.13 Road traffic noise 10.14 Covenants in a lease 10.15 Restrictive covenants 10.16 By-laws 10.17 Human rights Appendix 10.1 Industrial noise control: the integrated pollution prevention and control regime Appendix 10.2 Case law: significance, operation and access – a short guide for non-lawyers Appendix 10.3 General textbooks on environmental law (including law on noise) Questions Appendices Appendix 1 Glossary of acoustical terms Appendix 2 List of formulae Appendix 3 Suggested list of experiments, tests and observations Appendix 4 Some electrical principles Answers Bibliography Index