Java made easy: A beginner’s Handbook to easily Learn Java

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This book will help you learn how to code in JAVA very easily. of professional hints and tricks GoalKicker.com Free Programming Books Contents About Chapter 11: Strings Chapter 12: StringBuIer Chapter 13: StringBuilder Chapter 16: Date Class Chapter 18: LocalTime Chapter 19: BigDecimal Chapter 20: BigInteger Chapter 23: Arrays Chapter 24: Collections Chapter 25: Lists Chapter 26: Sets Chapter 27: List vs Set Chapter 29: LinkedHashMap Chapter 37: EnumSet class Chapter 39: Hashtable Chapter 41: Constructors Chapter 43: Annotations Chapter 47: Generics Chapter 50: Nested and Inner Classes Chapter 52: Default Methods Chapter 53: Packages Chapter 54: Inheritance Chapter 57: Streams Chapter 60: Preferences Chapter 66: Serialization Chapter 67: Optional Chapter 75: Bu'IeredWriter Chapter 77: File I/O Chapter 78: Scanner Chapter 84: Object Cloning Chapter 88: Singletons Chapter 89: Autoboxing Chapter 91: JAXB Chapter 93: Networking Chapter 96: JAX-WS Chapter 98: Java Native Interface Chapter 103: Reflection API Chapter 104: ByteBuIer Chapter 105: Applets Chapter 106: Expressions Chapter 107: JSON in Java Chapter 111: Polymorphism Chapter 116: log4j / log4j2 Chapter 123: Process Chapter 128: ThreadLocal Chapter 137: Classloaders Chapter 139: Atomic Types Chapter 140: RSA Encryption Chapter 141: Secure objects Chapter 145: JNDI Chapter 150: JavaBean Chapter 155: JShell Chapter 156: Stack-Walking API Chapter 157: Sockets Chapter 158: Java Sockets Chapter 161: C++ Comparison Chapter 162: Audio Chapter 166: Unit Testing Chapter 167: Asserting Chapter 172: JMX Chapter 174: XJC Chapter 175: JVM Flags Chapter 179: Benchmarks Integration About Chapter 1: Getting started with Java Language Java SE Version Code Name End-of-life (free1) Release Date Section 1.1: Creating Your First Java Program A closer look at the Hello World program Chapter 2: Type Conversion Section 2.1 : Numeric primitive casting Section 2.2 : Basic Numeric Promotion Section 2.3 : Non-numeric primitive casting Section 2.4 : Object casting Section 2.5 : Testing if an object can be cast using instanceof Chapter 3: Getters and Setters Section 3.1 : Using a setter or getter to implement a constraint Section 3.2 : Why Use Getters and Setters? Section 3.3 : Adding Getters and Setters Chapter 4: Reference Data Types Section 4.1 : Dereferencing Section 4.2 : Instantiating a reference type Chapter 5: Java Compiler - 'javac' Section 5.1 : The 'javac' command - getting started Simple example Example with packages Compiling multiple files at once with 'javac'. Commonly used 'javac' options Section 5.2 : Compiling for a drierent version of Java Compiling old Java with a newer compiler Chapter 6: Documenting Java Code Section 6.1 : Building Javadocs From the Command Line Section 6.2 : Class Documentation Section 6.3 : Method Documentation Section 6.4 : Package Documentation Section 6.5 : Links Section 6.6 : Code snippets inside documentation Section 6.7 : Field Documentation Section 6.8 : Inline Code Documentation Chapter 7: Command line Argument Processing Parameter Details Section 7.1 : Argument processing using GWT ToolBase Section 7.2 : Processing arguments by hand A command with no arguments A command with two arguments Chapter 8: The Java Command - 'java' and 'javaw' Section 8.1 : Entry point classes JavaFX entry-points Section 8.2 : Troubleshooting the 'java' command Other Resources Section 8.3 : Running a Java application with library dependencies Section 8.4 : Java Options Selecting the VM type Section 8.5 : Spaces and other special characters in arguments Solutions using a POSIX shell Section 8.6 : Running an executable JAR file Section 8.7 : Running a Java applications via a "main" class Specifying a classpath Chapter 9: Literals Section 9.1 : Using underscore to improve readability Section 9.2 : Hexadecimal, Octal and Binary literals Section 9.3 : Boolean literals Section 9.4 : String literals Interning of string literals Section 9.5 : The Null literal Section 9.6 : Escape sequences in literals Section 9.7 : Character literals Section 9.8 : Decimal Integer literals Ordinary integer literals Long integer literals Section 9.9 : Floating-point literals Simple decimal forms Chapter 10: Primitive Data Types Section 10. 1: The char primitive Section 10. 2: Primitive Types Cheatsheet Section 10. 3: The float primitive Section 10. 4: The int primitive Section 10. 5: Converting Primitives Widening Conversion: Section 10. 6: Memory consumption of primitives vs. boxed primitives Primitive Boxed Type Memory Size of primitive / boxed Boxed value caches Section 10. 7: The double primitive Section 10. 8: The long primitive Section 10. 9: The boolean primitive Section 10.1 0: The byte primitive Section 10.1 1: Negative value representation Original Process Result Section 10.1 2: The short primitive Chapter 11: Strings Section 11.1: Comparing Strings default: break; Comparing with interned Strings Section 11. 2: Changing the case of characters within a String Section 11. 3: Finding a String Within Another String Section 11.4: String pool and heap storage Section 11.5: Splitting Strings Splitting with a StringTokenizer Section 11. 6: Joining Strings with a delimiter Section 11. 7: String concatenation and StringBuilders Using concat() method: Section 11. 8: Substrings Section 11. 9: Platform independent new line separator Section 11.1 0: Reversing Strings Section 11.1 1: Adding toString() method for custom objects Section 11.1 2: Remove Whitespace from the Beginning and End of a String Section 11.1 3: Case insensitive switch break; Section 11.1 4: Replacing parts of Strings WoWcorn Replace sequence of characters with another sequence of characters: Section 11.1 5: Getting the length of a String Section 11.1 6: Getting the nth character in a String Section 11.1 7: Counting occurrences of a substring or character in a string Chapter 12: StringBuIer Section 12.1: String BuIer class Key Points: Chapter 13: StringBuilder Section 13. 1: Comparing StrmgBu'Ier, StringBuilder, Formatter and StringJoiner Section 13. 2: Repeat a String n times Chapter 14: String Tokenizer Section 14. 1: StringTokenizer Split by space Section 14. 2: StringTokenizer Split by comma ',' Chapter 15: Splitting a string into fixed length parts Section 15. 1: Break a string up into substrings all of a known length Section 15. 2: Break a string up into substrings all of variable length Chapter 16: Date Class Parameter Explanation Section 16. 1: Convert java.util.Date to java.sql.Date Example Section 16. 2: A basic date output Section 16. 3: Java 8 LocalDate and LocalDateTime objects Section 16. 4: Creating a Specific Date Section 16. 5: Converting Date to a certain String format Section 16. 6: LocalTime Section 16. 7: Convert formatted string representation of date to Date object Section 16. 8: Creating Date objects Section 16. 9: Comparing Date objects Calendar, Date, and LocalDate Date comparison before Java 8 Section 16.1 0: Converting String into Date Section 16.1 1: Time Zones and java.util.Date Chapter 17: Dates and Time (java.time.*) Section 17. 1: Calculate Di'Ierence between 2 LocalDates Section 17. 2: Date and time Section 17. 3: Operations on dates and times Section 17. 4: Instant Section 17. 5: Usage of various classes of Date Time API Section 17.6: Date Time Formatting Section 17.7: Simple Date Manipulations Chapter 18: LocalTime Method Output Section 18. 1: Amount of time between two LocalTime Section 18. 2: Intro Fields Section 18. 3: Time Modification Section 18. 4: Time Zones and their time di'Ierence Chapter 19: BigDecimal Section 19. 1: Comparing BigDecimals Section 19. 2: Using BigDecimal instead of float Section 19. 3: BigDecimal.valueOf() Section 19. 4: Mathematical operations with BigDecimal 1.Addition 2.Subtraction 3.Multiplication 4.Division 5.Remainder or Modulus 6.Power 7.Max 8.Min 9.Move Point To Left 10.Move Point To Right Section 19.5: Initialization of BigDecimals with value zero, one or ten Section 19.6: BigDecimal objects are immutable Chapter 20: BigInteger Section 20. 1: Initialization Section 20. 2: BigInteger Mathematical Operations Examples Section 20. 3: Comparing BigIntegers Section 20.4: Binary Logic Operations on BigInteger Section 20.5: Generating random BigIntegers Chapter 21: NumberFormat Section 21.1: NumberFormat Chapter 22: Bit Manipulation Section 22. 1: Checking, setting, clearing, and toggling individual bits. Using long as bit mask Section 22. 2: java.util.BitSet class Section 22. 3: Checking if a number is a power of 2 Usage for Left and Right Shift Section 22. 4: Signed vs unsigned shift Section 22. 5: Expressing the power of 2 Section 22. 6: Packing / unpacking values as bit fragments Chapter 23: Arrays Parameter Details Section 23. 1: Creating and Initializing Arrays Basic cases Arrays may not be re-initialized with array initializer shortcut syntax Section 23. 2: Creating a List from an Array Section 23. 3: Creating an Array from a Collection Section 23. 4: Multidimensional and Jagged Arrays Section 23. 5: ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException Section 23. 6: Array Covariance Section 23. 7: Arrays to Stream Section 23. 8: Iterating over arrays Section 23. 9: Arrays to a String return "CAT!"; public class Dog { Section 23.1 0: Sorting arrays Sorting String arrays: Increasing Order Section 23.1 1: Getting the Length of an Array Section 23.1 2: Finding an element in an array Section 23.1 3: How do you change the size of an array? Section 23.1 4: Converting arrays between primitives and boxed types Section 23.1 5: Remove an element from an array Using ArrayList Section 23.1 6: Comparing arrays for equality Section 23.1 7: Copying arrays Arrays.copyOfRange() Section 23.1 8: Casting Arrays Chapter 24: Collections Section 24. 1: Removing items from a List within a loop Using a "should-be-removed" list Section 24. 2: Constructing collections from existing data Standard Collections Java Collections framework Google Guava Collections framework Mapping Collections Java Collections framework Section 24. 3: Declaring an ArrayList and adding objects Section 24. 4: Iterating over Collections Iterating over List Iterating over Set Section 24. 5: Immutable Empty Collections Section 24. 6: Sub Collections List subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) Set subSet(fromIndex,toIndex) Section 24. 7: Unmodifiable Collection Section 24. 8: Pitfall: concurrent modification exceptions Section 24. 9: Removing matching items from Lists using Iterator Section 24.1 0: Join lists Section 24.1 1: Creating your own Iterable structure for use with Iterator or for-each loop Section 24.1 2: Collections and Primitive Values Chapter 25: Lists Section 25. 1: Sorting a generic list Section 25. 2: Convert a list of integers to a list of strings Section 25. 3: Classes implementing List - Pros and Cons 1. Abstract Classes: 2. Concrete Classes: - PROS: - CONS: - PROS: RoleList Section 25. 4: Finding common elements between 2 lists Section 25. 5: In-place replacement of a List element Section 25. 6: Making a list unmodifiable Section 25. 7: Moving objects around in the list Section 25. 8: Creating, Adding and Removing element from an ArrayList Section 25. 9: Creating a List Giving your list a type Section 25.1 0: Positional Access Operations Section 25.1 1: Iterating over elements in a list Section 25.1 2: Removing elements from list B that are present in the list A Chapter 26: Sets Section 26. 1: Initialization Section 26. 2: Basics of Set What is a Set? Creating a set Section 26. 3: Types and Usage of Sets HashSet - Random Sorting LinkedHashSet - Insertion Order Section 26. 4: Create a list from an existing Set Using a new List Section 26. 5: Eliminating duplicates using Set Section 26. 6: Declaring a HashSet with values Chapter 27: List vs Set Section 27.1: List vs Set Chapter 28: Maps Section 28. 1: Iterating Map Entries E'lciently Section 28. 2: Usage of HashMap 1. Declaring HashMap 2. Putting values in HashMap. 3. Getting values from HashMap. 4. Check whether the Key is in the Map or not. 5. Check whether the Value is in the Map or not. Section 28. 3: Using Default Methods of Map from Java 8 Section 28. 4: Iterating through the contents of a Map Iterating through map keys: Iterating through map values: Section 28. 5: Merging, combine and composing Maps Section 28. 6: Add multiple items Section 28. 7: Creating and Initializing Maps Introduction Section 28. 8: Check if key exists Section 28. 9: Add an element Section 28.1 0: Clear the map Section 28.1 1: Use custom object as key Chapter 29: LinkedHashMap Section 29.1: Java LinkedHashMap class Key Points: Methods: Example: Chapter 30: WeakHashMap Section 30.1: Concepts of WeakHashmap Key Points: Chapter 31: SortedMap Section 31.1: Introduction to sorted Map Keypoint: Methods of sorted Map : Example Chapter 32: TreeMap and TreeSet Section 32. 1: TreeMap of a simple Java type Section 32. 2: TreeSet of a simple Java Type Section 32. 3: TreeMap/TreeSet of a custom Java type Section 32. 4: TreeMap and TreeSet Thread Safety Chapter 33: Queues and Deques Section 33. 1: The usage of the PriorityQueue Section 33. 2: Deque Brief description Removing Elements Section 33. 3: Stacks What is a Stack? Example Section 33. 4: BlockingQueue Operation Throws Exception Special Value Blocks Times out Section 33. 5: LinkedList as a FIFO Queue Section 33. 6: Queue Interface Basics Type of operation Throws exception Returns special value Chapter 34: Dequeue Interface Section 34. 1: Adding Elements to Deque Section 34. 2: Removing Elements from Deque Section 34. 3: Retrieving Element without Removing Section 34. 4: Iterating through Deque Chapter 35: Enums Section 35.1: Declaring and using a basic enum Section 35. 2: Enums with constructors Section 35. 3: Enums with Abstract Methods Section 35. 4: Implements Interface NULL { Section 35. 5: Implement Singleton pattern with a singleelement enum Section 35. 6: Using methods and static blocks static { Section 35. 7: Zero instance enum Section 35. 8: Enum as a bounded type parameter Section 35. 9: Documenting enums Section 35.1 0: Enum constant specific body Section 35.1 1: Getting the values of an enum Section 35.1 2: Enum Polymorphism Pattern Section 35.1 3: Compare and Contains for Enum values Section 35.1 4: Get enum constant by name Section 35.1 5: Enum with properties (fields) Section 35.1 6: Convert enum to String By default: Section 35.1 7: Enums with static fields Chapter 36: Enum Map Section 36.1: Enum Map Book Example public enum Key{ Chapter 37: EnumSet class Section 37.1: Enum Set Example Chapter 38: Enum starting with number Section 38.1: Enum with name at beginning Chapter 39: Hashtable Section 39.1: Hashtable Chapter 40: Operators Section 40. 1: The Increment/Decrement Operators (++/--) Section 40. 2: The Conditional Operator (? :) Common Usage Section 40. 3: The Bitwise and Logical Operators (~, &, |, A) A B ~A A & B A | B A A B Section 40. 4: The String Concatenation Operator (+) Optimization and efficiency Section 40. 5: The Arithmetic Operators (+, -, *, /, %) The meaning of division Section 40. 6: The Shift Operators ( and >>>) Operand1 Operand2 > >>> Section 40. 7: The Instanceof Operator Section 40. 8: The Assignment Operators (=, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=, = , >>>=, &=, |= and A=) 1. = 2. += 3. -= 4. *= 5. /= 7. = 9. >>>= 10. &= 11. |= 12. A= Section 40.9: The conditional-and and conditional-or Operators ( && and || ) Example - using && to avoid a costly calculation Section 40.10: The Relational Operators (=) Section 40.11: The Equality Operators (==, !=) The Reference == and != operators About the NaN edge-cases Section 40.12: The Lambda operator ( -> ) Chapter 41: Constructors Section 41. 1: Default Constructor Section 41. 2: Call parent constructor Withoutsuper(...)method: Withsuper()method: Section 41. 3: Constructor with Arguments Chapter 42: Object Class Methods and Constructor Section 42. 1: hashCode() method public class Foo { return true; return false; Internal caching of hash codes public final class ImmutableArray { private int[] array; private volatile int hash = 0; Section 42. 2: toString() method Section 42. 3: equals() method TL;DR public class Foo { public class Foo { return true; return false; return true; return false; return false; Section 42. 4: wait() and notify() methods Section 42. 5: getClass() method Section 42. 6: clone() method Section 42. 7: Object constructor Section 42. 8: finalize() method Chapter 43: Annotations Section 43. 1: The idea behind Annotations Section 43. 2: Defining annotation types Available values RetentionPolicy Effect @Documented @Inherited Section 43. 3: Runtime annotation checks via reflection Section 43. 4: Built-in annotations @SuppressWarnings Section 43. 5: Compile time processing using annotation processor The annotation processor Section 43. 6: Repeating Annotations Section 43. 7: Inherited Annotations null Section 43. 8: Getting Annotation values at run-time Section 43. 9: Annotations for 'this' and receiver parameters Section 43.1 0: Add multiple annotation values Chapter 44: Immutable Class Section 44. 1: Example without mutable refs Section 44. 2: What is the advantage of immutability? Section 44. 3: Rules to define immutable classes Section 44. 4: Example with mutable refs public int getY() { return y; public void setY(int y) { public final class ImmutableCircle { private final Point center; private final double radius; Chapter 45: Immutable Objects Section 45. 1: Creating an immutable version of a type using defensive copying private final int[] array; Section 45. 2: The recipe for an immutable class Section 45. 3: Typical design flaws which prevent a class from being immutable Using some setters, without setting all needed properties in the constructor(s) Not marking instance variables as private and final public final class Names { Injecting constructor with object(s) that can be modified outside the immutable class Letting the methods of the class being overridden Chapter 46: Visibility (controlling access to members of a class) Section 46. 1: Private Visibility Section 46. 2: Public Visibility Section 46. 3: Package Visibility Section 46. 4: Protected Visibility Section 46. 5: Summary of Class Member Access Modifiers Access Modifier Visibility Inheritance Section 46. 6: Interface members Chapter 47: Generics Section 47. 1: Creating a Generic Class Extending a generic class public abstract class AbstractParam { private T value; Section 47. 2: Deciding between 'T','? super T', and '? extends T' Section 47. 3: The Diamond Section 47. 4: Declaring a Generic Method Section 47. 5: Requiring multiple upper bounds ("extends A & B") Section 47. 6: Obtain class that satisfies generic parameter at runtime Background Implementations Example usage Section 47. 7: Benefits of Generic class and interface Enabling programmers to implement generic algorithms Section 47. 8: Instantiating a generic type Section 47. 9: Creating a Bounded Generic Class public abstract class Animal { Section 47.1 0: Referring to the declared generic type within its own declaration Section 47.1 1: Binding generic parameter to more than 1 type Section 47.1 2: Using Generics to auto-cast Section 47.1 3: Use of instanceof with Generics Using generics to define the type in instanceof Section 47.1 4: DiIerent ways for implementing a Generic Interface (or extending a Generic Class) Generic class implementation Raw type class implementation Chapter 48: Classes and Objects Section 48. 1: Overloading Methods public class Displayer { Methods can be overloaded: Section 48. 2: Explaining what is method overloading and overriding different. Method Overriding Method Overriding Section 48. 3: Constructors Section 48. 4: Initializing static final fields using a static initializer static { Section 48. 5: Basic Object Construction and Use Section 48. 6: Simplest Possible Class Section 48. 7: Object Member vs Static Member Chapter 49: Local Inner Class Section 49.1: Local Inner Class Chapter 50: Nested and Inner Classes Section 50. 1: A Simple Stack Using a Nested Class Section 50. 2: Static vs Non Static Nested Classes Section 50. 3: Access Modifiers for Inner Classes Section 50. 4: Anonymous Inner Classes Constructors Section 50. 5: Create instance of non-static inner class from outside Section 50. 6: Method Local Inner Classes Section 50. 7: Accessing the outer class from a non-static inner class Chapter 51: The java.util.Objects Class Section 51. 1: Basic use for object null check For null check in method Section 51. 2: Objects.nonNull() method reference use in stream api continue ; Chapter 52: Default Methods Section 52. 1: Basic usage of default methods Section 52. 2: Accessing overridden default methods from implementing class Section 52. 3: Why use Default Methods? public interface Swim { public interface Swim { Section 52. 4: Accessing other interface methods within default method Section 52. 5: Default method multiple inheritance collision public interface A { public interface B { Section 52. 6: Class, Abstract class and Interface method precedence Chapter 53: Packages Section 53. 1: Using Packages to create classes with the same name Section 53. 2: Using Package Protected Scope Chapter 54: Inheritance Section 54. 1: Inheritance public class A{} public class B{} Section 54. 2: Abstract Classes Section 54. 3: Using 'final' to restrict inheritance and overriding Final classes Section 54. 4: The Liskov Substitution Principle Section 54. 5: Abstract class and Interface usage: "Is-a" relation vs "Has-a" capability Consider using interfaces if... Section 54. 6: Static Inheritance Section 54. 7: Programming to an interface Section 54. 8: Overriding in Inheritance Section 54. 9: Variable shadowing Section 54.1 0: Narrowing and Widening of object references Section 54.1 1: Inheritance and Static Methods Chapter 55: Reference Types Section 55.1: DiIerent Reference Types 1. Strong Reference 2. Weak Reference 3. Soft Reference 4. Phantom Reference Chapter 56: Console I/O Section 56. 1: Reading user input from the console Using BufferedReader: Using Scanner: Section 56. 2: Aligning strings in console Format strings examples Section 56. 3: Implementing Basic Command-Line Behavior Chapter 57: Streams Section 57. 1: Using Streams Output: Example: Section 57. 2: Consuming Streams Section 57. 3: Creating a Frequency Map Section 57. 4: Infinite Streams Section 57. 5: Collect Elements of a Stream into a Collection Collect with toList() and toSet() Cheat-Sheet Goal Section 57. 6: Using Streams to Implement Mathematical Functions Section 57. 7: Flatten Streams with flatMap() Section 57. 8: Parallel Stream Section 57. 9: Creating a Stream Section 57.1 0: Finding Statistics about Numerical Streams Section 57.1 1: Converting an iterator to a stream Section 57.1 2: Using IntStream to iterate over indexes Section 57.1 3: Concatenate Streams Example 1 - Concatenate two Streams Section 57.1 4: Reduction with Streams Section 57.1 5: Using Streams of Map.Entry to Preserve Initial Values after Mapping Section 57.1 6: IntStream to String Section 57.1 7: Finding the First Element that Matches a Predicate Section 57.1 8: Using Streams and Method References to Write Self-Documenting Processes Section 57.1 9: Converting a Stream of Optional to a Stream of Values Section 57.2 0: Get a Slice of a Stream Notes: Section 57.2 1: Create a Map based on a Stream Simple case without duplicate keys Grouping by value Section 57.2 2: Joining a stream to a single String Section 57.2 3: Sort Using Stream Section 57.2 4: Streams of Primitives Section 57.2 5: Stream operations categories Stateless Operations Stateful operations Section 57.2 6: Collect Results of a Stream into an Array Section 57.2 7: Generating random Strings using Streams Chapter 58: InputStreams and OutputStreams Section 58. 1: Closing Streams Section 58. 2: Reading InputStream into a String Section 58. 3: Wrapping Input/Output Streams List of Input/Output Stream wrappers Wrapper Description Section 58. 4: DataInputStream Example Section 58. 5: Writing bytes to an OutputStream Section 58. 6: Copying Input Stream to Output Stream Chapter 59: Readers and Writers Section 59. 1: Bu'IeredReader Introduction int ch; The BufferedReader buffer size The BufferedReader.readLine() method Example: reading all lines of a File into a List Section 59. 2: StringWriter Example Chapter 60: Preferences Section 60. 1: Using preferences Section 60. 2: Adding event listeners Section 60. 3: Getting sub-nodes of Preferences Section 60. 4: Coordinating preferences access across multiple application instances Section 60. 5: Exporting preferences Section 60. 6: Importing preferences Section 60. 7: Removing event listeners Section 60. 8: Getting preferences values Section 60. 9: Setting preferences values Chapter 61: Collection Factory Methods Description Section 61. 1: List Factory Method Examples Section 61. 2: Set Factory Method Examples Section 61. 3: Map Factory Method Examples Chapter 62: Alternative Collections Section 62.1: Multimap in Guava, Apache and Eclipse Collections 1. MultiValueMap from Apache 2. HashBiMap from GS / Eclipse Collection Section 62.2: Apache HashBag, Guava HashMultiset and Eclipse HashBag Section 62.3: Compare operation with collections - Create collections Compare operation with collections - Create collections 1. Create List Description JDK JDK new JDK new Chapter 63: Concurrent Collections Section 63. 1: Thread-safe Collections Section 63. 2: Insertion into ConcurrentHashMap Section 63. 3: Concurrent Collections Chapter 64: Choosing Collections Section 64.1: Java Collections Flowchart Chapter 65: super keyword Section 65.1: Super keyword use with examples Constructor Level Chapter 66: Serialization Section 66. 1: Basic Serialization in Java What is Serialization How to write an object into a file How to recreate an object from its serialized state try { Section 66. 2: Custom Serialization Section 66. 3: Versioning and serialVersionUID Incompatible Changes Section 66. 4: Serialization with Gson Section 66. 5: Custom JSON Deserialization with Jackson Chapter 67: Optional Section 67. 1: Map Section 67. 2: Return default value if Optional is empty Section 67. 3: Throw an exception, if there is no value Section 67. 4: Lazily provide a default value using a Supplier Section 67. 5: Filter Section 67. 6: Using Optional containers for primitive number types Section 67. 7: Run code only if there is a value present Section 67. 8: FlatMap Chapter 68: Object References Section 68.1: Object References as method parameters Chapter 69: Exceptions and exception handling Section 69. 1: Catching an exception with try-catch try { Try-catch with multiple catches try { try { try { Section 69. 2: The try-with-resources statement What is a resource? The enhanced try-with-resource statements Managing multiple resources Section 69. 3: Custom Exceptions Section 69. 4: Handling InterruptedException Section 69. 5: Return statements in try catch block Section 69. 6: Introduction try { Section 69. 7: The Java Exception Hierarchy - Unchecked and Checked Exceptions Checked versus Unchecked Exceptions Section 69. 8: Creating and reading stacktraces Printing a stacktrace try { Understanding a stacktrace 1 public class Main { 2 public void foo() { 6 public int bar() { Capturing a stacktrace as a String Section 69. 9: Throwing an exception Section 69.1 0: Advanced features of Exceptions Optimizing exception construction Section 69.1 1: The try-finally and try-catch-finally statements Try-finally try { try-catch-finally Section 69.1 2: The 'throws' clause in a method declaration What is the point of declaring unchecked exceptions as thrown? Chapter 70: Calendar and its Subclasses Section 70. 1: Creating Calendar objects Section 70. 2: Increasing / Decreasing calendar fields Section 70. 3: Subtracting calendars Section 70. 4: Finding AM/PM Chapter 71: Using the static keyword Section 71. 1: Reference to non-static member from static context Section 71. 2: Using static to declare constants Chapter 72: Properties Class Section 72. 1: Loading properties Section 72. 2: Saving Properties as XML Storing Properties in a XML File Section 72. 3: Property files caveat: trailing whitespace Chapter 73: Lambda Expressions Section 73. 1: Introduction to Java lambdas Functional Interfaces Lambda Expressions Accepting Lambdas The Type of a Lambda Expression Section 73. 2: Using Lambda Expressions to Sort a Collection Sorting lists Section 73. 3: Method References Cheat-Sheet Method Reference Format Section 73. 4: Implementing multiple interfaces Section 73. 5: Lambda - Listener Example Anonymous class listener Lambda listener Section 73. 6: Java Closures with lambda expressions Section 73. 7: Lambdas and memory utilization Section 73. 8: Using lambda expression with your own functional interface Section 73. 9: Traditional style to Lambda style Traditional way Section 73.1 0: 'return' only returns from the lambda, not the outer method return; Section 73.1 1: Lambdas and Execute-around Pattern Section 73.1 2: Using lambda expressions & predicates to get a certain value(s) from a list Chapter 74: Basic Control Structures Section 74.1: Switch statement break; default: Section 74. 2: do...while Loop Section 74. 3: For Each Examples: Section 74. 4: Continue Statement in Java Section 74. 5: If / Else If / Else Control Section 74. 6: For Loops Section 74. 7: Ternary Operator Section 74. 8: Try ... Catch ... Finally Section 74. 9: Break Section 74.1 0: While Loops Section 74.1 1: If / Else Section 74.1 2: Nested break / continue Chapter 75: BuIeredWriter Section 75.1: Write a line of text to File Chapter 76: New File I/O Section 76. 1: Creating paths Section 76. 2: Manipulating paths Joining Two Paths Section 76. 3: Retrieving information about a path Section 76. 4: Retrieving information using the filesystem Checking whether a path points to a file or a directory Section 76. 5: Reading files Section 76. 6: Writing files Chapter 77: File I/O Section 77. 1: Migrating from java.io.File to Java 7 NIO (java.nio.file.Path) Section 77. 2: Reading an image from a file Section 77. 3: File Read/Write Using FileInputStream/FileOutputStream Section 77. 4: Reading all bytes to a byte[] Section 77. 5: Copying a file using Channel Section 77. 6: Writing a byte[] to a file Section 77. 7: Stream vs Writer/Reader API Section 77. 8: Reading a file with a Scanner Section 77. 9: Copying a file using InputStream and OutputStream Section 77.1 0: Reading from a binary file Section 77.1 1: Reading a file using Channel and Bu'Ier try { Section 77.1 2: Adding Directories Section 77.1 3: Blocking or redirecting standard output / error Section 77.1 4: Reading a whole file at once Section 77.1 5: Locking Section 77.1 6: Reading a file using Bu'IeredlnputStream Section 77.1 7: Iterate over a directory printing subdirectories in it Section 77.1 8: Writing a file using Channel and Bu'Ier Section 77.1 9: Writing a file using PrintStream Section 77.2 0: Iterating over a directory and filter by file extension Section 77.2 1: Accessing the contents of a ZIP file Creating a new file Chapter 78: Scanner Parameter Details Section 78. 1: General Pattern that does most commonly asked about tasks static { Section 78. 2: Using custom delimiters Section 78. 3: Reading system input using Scanner Section 78. 4: Reading file input using Scanner try { Section 78. 5: Read the entire input as a String using Scanner Section 78. 6: Carefully Closing a Scanner Section 78. 7: Read an int from the command line Chapter 79: Interfaces Section 79. 1: Implementing multiple interfaces Section 79. 2: Declaring and Implementing an Interface Section 79. 3: Extending an interface Section 79. 4: Usefulness of interfaces return null; } else { Section 79. 5: Default methods Observer pattern implementation Section 79. 6: Modifiers in Interfaces Section 79. 7: Using Interfaces with Generics Section 79. 8: Strengthen bounded type parameters Section 79. 9: Implementing interfaces in an abstract class Chapter 80: Regular Expressions Section 80. 1: Using capture groups Section 80. 2: Using regex with custom behaviour by compiling the Pattern with flags Section 80. 3: Escape Characters Generally Splitting a Pipe Delimited String Section 80. 4: Not matching a given string Output: Section 80. 5: Matching with a regex literal Section 80. 6: Matching a backslash Chapter 81: Comparable and Comparator Section 81. 1: Sorting a List using Comparable or a Comparator comparator Section 81. 2: The compareTo and compare Methods Section 81. 3: Natural (comparable) vs explicit (comparator) sorting Section 81. 4: Creating a Comparator using comparing method Section 81. 5: Sorting Map entries Chapter 82: Java Floating Point Operations Section 82. 1: Comparing floating point values Section 82. 2: OverFlow and UnderFlow Section 82. 3: Formatting the floating point values Section 82. 4: Strict Adherence to the IEEE Specification Chapter 83: Currency and Money Section 83.1: Add custom currency Chapter 84: Object Cloning Section 84. 1: Cloning performing a deep copy Section 84. 2: Cloning using a copy factory Section 84. 3: Cloning using a copy constructor Section 84. 4: Cloning by implementing Clonable interface Section 84. 5: Cloning performing a shallow copy Chapter 85: Recursion Section 85. 1: The basic idea of recursion What is recursion: public int factorial(int n) { } else { Section 85. 2: Deep recursion is problematic in Java public static int add(int a, int b) { } else { return b; Section 85. 3: Types of Recursion Section 85. 4: Computing the Nth Fibonacci Number Section 85. 5: StackOverflowError & recursion to loop Example public static void recursion(int depth) { Workaround Example Section 85. 6: Computing the Nth power of a number Section 85. 7: Traversing a Tree data structure with recursion Section 85. 8: Reverse a string using Recursion Section 85. 9: Computing the sum of integers from 1 to N Chapter 86: Converting to and from Strings Section 86. 1: Converting String to other datatypes Section 86. 2: Conversion to / from bytes Section 86. 3: Base64 Encoding / Decoding Section 86. 4: Converting other datatypes to String Section 86. 5: Getting a 'String' from an 'InputStream' Chapter 87: Random Number Generation Section 87. 1: Pseudo Random Numbers Section 87. 2: Pseudo Random Numbers in Specific Range Section 87. 3: Generating cryptographically secure pseudorandom numbers public class Foo { Section 87. 4: Generating Random Numbers with a Specified Seed Section 87. 5: Select random numbers without duplicates break; Section 87.6: Generating Random number using apachecommon lang3 Chapter 88: Singletons Section 88. 1: Enum Singleton Section 88. 2: Singleton without use of Enum (eager initialization) Section 88. 3: Thread-safe lazy initialization using holder class | Bill Pugh Singleton implementation Section 88. 4: Thread safe Singleton with double checked locking Section 88. 5: Extending singleton (singleton inheritance) Chapter 89: Autoboxing Section 89. 1: Using int and Integer interchangeably Section 89. 2: Auto-unboxing may lead to NullPointerException Section 89. 3: Using Boolean in if statement Section 89. 4: DiIerent Cases When Integer and int can be used interchangeably public class Test{ Section 89. 5: Memory and Computational Overhead of Autoboxing Chapter 90: 2D Graphics in Java Section 90. 1: Example 1: Draw and Fill a Rectangle Using Java Section 90. 2: Example 2: Drawing and Filling Oval Chapter 91: JAXB Parameter Details Section 91. 1: Reading an XML file (unmarshalling) Section 91. 2: Writing an XML file (marshalling an object) public class User { private long userID; private String name; public class XMLCreator { try { Jon Skeet 8884321 Section 91. 3: Manual field/property XML mapping configuration Section 91. 4: Binding an XML namespace to a serializable Java class Section 91. 5: Using XmlAdapter to generate desired xml format Section 91. 6: Using XmlAdapter to trim string Section 91. 7: Automatic field/property XML mapping configuration (@XmlAccessorType) Section 91. 8: Specifying a XmlAdapter instance to (re)use existing data Adapter try { try { Chapter 92: Class - Java Reflection Section 92.1: getClass() method of Object class class Test { Chapter 93: Networking Section 93. 1: Basic Client and Server Communication using a Socket Server: Start, and wait for incoming connections while (true) { Server: Handling clients Closing Sockets and Handling Exceptions Basic Server and Client - complete examples Section 93. 2: Basic Client/Server Communication using UDP (Datagram) Section 93. 3: Loading TrustStore and KeyStore from InputStream Section 93. 4: Socket example - reading a web page using a simple socket Section 93. 5: Temporarily disable SSL verification (for testing purposes) Section 93. 6: Downloading a file using Channel If the file already exists, it will be overwritten! Notes Section 93. 7: Multicasting Chapter 94: NIO - Networking Section 94.1: Using Selector to wait for events (example with OP_CONNECT) } ELSE Chapter 95: HttpURLConnection Section 95. 1: Get response body from a URL as a String Section 95. 2: POST data try { } finally { How it works Section 95. 3: Delete resource try { Section 95. 4: Check if resource exists Chapter 96: JAX-WS Section 96.1: Basic Authentication Chapter 97: Nashorn JavaScript engine Section 97. 1: Execute JavaScript file Section 97. 2: Intercept script output Section 97. 3: Hello Nashorn Section 97. 4: Evaluate Arithmetic Strings Section 97. 5: Set global variables Section 97. 6: Set and get global variables Section 97. 7: Usage of Java objects in JavaScript in Nashorn Type If for each .length Recommendatons: Section 97. 8: Implementing an interface from script public static interface Pet { public void eat(); try { Chapter 98: Java Native Interface Parameter JNIEnv Details Section 98. 1: Calling C++ methods from Java Output Section 98. 2: Calling Java methods from C++ (callback) C++ code Section 98. 3: Loading native libraries Chapter 99: Functional Interfaces Section 99.1: List of standard Java Runtime Library functional interfaces by signature Parameter Types Return Type () void Interface Chapter 100: Fluent Interface Section 100 .1: Fluent programming style Section 100 .2: Truth - Fluent Testing Framework Chapter 101: Remote Method Invocation (RMI) Section 101.1: Callback: invoking methods on a "client" Overview The shared remote interfaces try { Section 101.2: Simple RMI example with Client and Server implementation Client package PersonListLocal.java Section 101.3: Client-Server: invoking methods in one JVM from another try { Chapter 102: Iterator and Iterable Section 102 .1: Removing elements using an iterator Section 102 .2: Creating your own Iterable Section 102 .3: Using Iterable in for loop Section 102 .4: Using the raw iterator Chapter 103: Reflection API Section 103 .1: Dynamic Proxies public interface MyInterface1{ public interface MyInterface2{ return null; Section 103 .2: Introduction Basics Section 103 .3: Evil Java hacks with Reflection Crazy Strings 1 = 42 Section 103 .4: Misuse of Reflection API to change private and final variables class A { public int age; public final String rep; public static int count=0; public A(){ Section 103 .5: Getting and Setting fields Section 103 .6: Call constructor Getting the Constructor Object Section 103 .7: Call constructor of nested class Section 103 .8: Invoking a method Section 103 .9: Get Class given its (fully qualified) name Section 103. 10: Getting the Constants of an Enumeration Section 103. 11: Call overloaded constructors using reflection Chapter 104: ByteBu'Ier Section 104 .1: Basic Usage - Using DirectByteBu'Ier Section 104 .2: Basic Usage - Creating a ByteBu'Ier Section 104 .3: Basic Usage - Write Data to the Buier Chapter 105: Applets Section 105 .1: Minimal Applet Section 105 .2: Creating a GUI Section 105 .3: Open links from within the applet Section 105 .4: Loading images, audio and other resources Load and play an audio file Chapter 106: Expressions Section 106.1: Operator Precedence new Section 106 .2: Expression Basics The Type of an Expression Section 106 .3: Expression evaluation order Simple Example Section 106 .4: Constant Expressions Chapter 107: JSON in Java Section 107 .1: Using Jackson Object Mapper Section 107 .2: JSON To Object (Gson Library) Section 107 .3: JSONObject.NULL Note Section 107 .4: JSON Builder - chaining methods Section 107 .5: Object To JSON (Gson Library) Section 107 .6: JSON Iteration Iterate over JSONObject properties Section 107 .7: optXXX vs getXXX methods Section 107 .8: Extract single element from JSON Section 107 .9: JsonArray to Java List (Gson Library) Section 107. 10: Encoding data as JSON Section 107. 11: Decoding JSON data Chapter 108: XML Parsing using the JAXP APIs Section 108 .1: Parsing a document using the StAX API Section 108 .2: Parsing and navigating a document using the DOM API Chapter 109: XML XPath Evaluation Section 109 .1: Parsing multiple XPath Expressions in a single XML Section 109 .2: Parsing single XPath Expression multiple times in an XML Section 109 .3: Evaluating a NodeList in an XML document Chapter 110: XOM - XML Object Model Section 110 .1: Reading a XML file try { Section 110 .2: Writing to a XML File Example Chapter 111: Polymorphism Section 111.1: Method Overriding Section 111.2: Method Overloading Section 111.3: Polymorphism and drierent types of overriding Section 111.4: Virtual functions public class A{ public void hello(){ Section 111.5: Adding behaviour by adding classes without touching existing code Chapter 112: Encapsulation Section 112 .1: Encapsulation to maintain invariants return a; public double getDegrees(){ public double getRadians(){ Section 112 .2: Encapsulation to reduce coupling Chapter 113: Java Agents Section 113 .1: Modifying classes with agents Section 113 .2: Adding an agent at runtime Section 113 .3: Setting up a basic agent Chapter 114: Varargs (Variable Argument) Section 114 .1: Working with Varargs parameters Section 114 .2: Specifying a varargs parameter Chapter 115: Logging (java.util.logging) Section 115.1: Logging complex messages (e'lciently) Section 115.2: Using the default logger Section 115.3: Logging levels Chapter 116: log4j / log4j2 Section 116 .1: Properties-File to log to DB Section 116 .2: How to get Log4j Current version (log4j2) Using Maven: Using Ivy: Using Gradle: Section 116 .3: Setting up property file Section 116 .4: Basic log4j2.xml configuration file Section 116 .5: How to use Log4j in Java code Section 116 .6: Migrating from log4j 1.x to 2.x Section 116 .7: Filter Logoutput by level (log4j 1.x) Chapter 117: Oracle O'lcial Code Standard Section 117 .1: Naming Conventions Package names Class, Interface and Enum Names Method Names Variables Section 117 .2: Class Structure Order of class members Section 117 .3: Annotations Section 117 .4: Import statements Section 117 .5: Braces Section 117 .6: Redundant Parentheses Section 117 .7: Modifiers strictfp Section 117 .8: Indentation Section 117 .9: Literals Section 117. 10: Package declaration Section 117. 11: Lambda Expressions Section 117. 12: Java Source Files Section 117. 13: Wrapping statements Section 117. 14: Wrapping Method Declarations Section 117. 15: Wrapping Expressions Section 117. 16: Whitespace Vertical Whitespace Section 117. 17: Special Characters Section 117. 18: Variable Declarations Chapter 118: Character encoding Section 118 .1: Reading text from a file encoded in UTF-8 Section 118 .2: Writing text to a file in UTF-8 Section 118 .3: Getting byte representation of a string in UTF-8 Chapter 119: Apache Commons Lang Section 119 .1: Implement equals() method Section 119 .2: Implement hashCode() method Section 119 .3: Implement toString() method Chapter 120: Localization and Internationalization Section 120.1: Locale Language Java ResourceBundle Section 120.2: Automatically formatted Dates using "locale" Section 120.3: String Comparison Chapter 121: Parallel programming with Fork/Join framework Section 121.1: Fork/Join Tasks in Java Chapter 122: Non-Access Modifiers Section 122 .1: final Usages Good Programming Practice private static final List foo; static { Section 122 .2: static public class TestStatic { static { Section 122 .3: abstract abstract class Car Section 122 .4: strictfp class A{ strictfp void m(){} Section 122 .5: volatile Section 122 .6: synchronized Section 122 .7: transient Chapter 123: Process Section 123 .1: Pitfall: Runtime.exec, Process and ProcessBuilder don't understand shell syntax Section 123 .2: Simple example (Java version < 1.5) Chapter 124: Java Native Access Section 124.1: Introduction to JNA What is JNA? Chapter 125: Modules Section 125.1: Defining a basic module Chapter 126: Concurrent Programming (Threads) Section 126.1: Callable and Future The result from a Callable task submission is available to be tapped via a Future Callable Interface public interface Callable { Output Other operations permitted on Future Section 126 .2: CountDownLatch Section 126 .3: Basic Multithreading Section 126 .4: Locks as Synchronisation aids Section 126 .5: Semaphore Section 126 .6: Synchronization public static void bar() { Section 126 .7: Runnable Object Example in Java8: Runnable vs Thread subclass Section 126 .8: Creating basic deadlocked system Section 126 .9: Creating a java.lang.Thread instance Section 126. 10: Atomic operations Section 126. 11: Exclusive write / Concurrent read access Section 126. 12: Producer-Consumer Section 126. 13: Visualizing read/write barriers while using synchronized / volatile Section 126. 14: Get status of all threads started by your program excluding system threads Section 126. 15: Using ThreadLocal Section 126. 16: Multiple producer/consumer example with shared global queue Section 126. 17: Add two 'int' arrays using a Threadpool Section 126. 18: Pausing Execution Section 126. 19: Thread Interruption / Stopping Threads Examples : Example of code that stops handling tasks upon interruption Example of code that delays setting the interrupt flag until completely done : Example of code that has a fixed list of tasks but may quit early when interrupted Chapter 127: Executor, ExecutorService and Thread pools Section 127.1: ThreadPoolExecutor Section 127.2: Retrieving value from computation - Callable Section 127.3: submit() vs execute() exception handling di'Ierences Section 127 .4: Handle Rejected Execution Section 127 .5: Fire and Forget - Runnable Tasks Section 127 .6: Use cases for drierent types of concurrency constructs Section 127 .7: Wait for completion of all tasks in ExecutorService Section 127 .8: Use cases for drierent types of ExecutorService Section 127.9: Scheduling tasks to run at a fixed time, after a delay or repeatedly Starting a task after a fixed delay Starting tasks at a fixed rate Section 127.10: Using Thread Pools Method Description Chapter 128: ThreadLocal Section 128 .1: Basic ThreadLocal usage Section 128 .2: ThreadLocal Java 8 functional initialization Section 128 .3: Multiple threads with one shared object try { Chapter 129: Using ThreadPoolExecutor in MultiThreaded applications. Section 129.1: Performing Asynchronous Tasks Where No Return Value Is Needed Using a Runnable Class Instance AsyncExample1 Section 129 .2: Performing Asynchronous Tasks Where a Return Value Is Needed Using a Callable Class Instance AsyncValueTypeTaskCompleter.java AsyncExample2.java Observations of Note: Section 129 .3: Defining Asynchronous Tasks Inline using Lambdas Observations of Note: Chapter 130: Common Java Pitfalls Section 130 .1: Pitfall: using == to compare primitive wrappers objects such as Integer Section 130 .2: Pitfall: using == to compare strings Section 130 .3: Pitfall: forgetting to free resources Section 130 .4: Pitfall: testing a file before attempting to open it return; Section 130 .5: Pitfall: thinking of variables as objects public final class MutableLocation { public int x; public int y; Method calls do NOT pass objects at all void g() { void g() { Section 130 .6: Pitfall: memory leaks Classloader leak try { Section 130 .7: Pitfall: Not understanding that String is an immutable class Section 130 .8: Pitfall: combining assignment and side-ejects Chapter 131: Java Pitfalls - Exception usage Section 131 .1: Pitfall - Catching Throwable, Exception, Error or RuntimeException try { Section 131 .2: Pitfall - Ignoring or squashing exceptions try { Section 131 .3: Pitfall - Throwing Throwable, Exception, Error or RuntimeException try { Section 131 .4: Pitfall - Using exceptions for normal flowcontrol Section 131 .5: Pitfall - Directly subclassing 'Throwable' Section 131 .6: Pitfall - Catching InterruptedException Section 131 .7: Pitfall - Excessive or inappropriate stacktraces Chapter 132: Java Pitfalls - Language syntax Section 132 .1: Pitfall - Missing a ‘break’ in a 'switch' case Section 132 .2: Pitfall - Declaring classes with the same names as standard classes Section 132 .3: Pitfall - Leaving out braces: the "dangling if" and "dangling else" problems The "dangling else" problem Section 132 .4: Pitfall - Octal literals Section 132 .5: Pitfall - Using '==' to test a boolean Section 132 .6: Pitfall - Ignoring method visibility Section 132 .7: Pitfall: Using 'assert' for argument or user input validation Section 132 .8: Pitfall - Wildcard imports can make your code fragile Section 132 .9: Pitfall - Misplaced semicolons and missing braces Section 132. 10: Pitfall - Overloading instead of overriding public final class Person { Section 132. 11: Pitfall of Auto-Unboxing Null Objects into Primitives Chapter 133: Java Pitfalls - Threads and Concurrency Section 133 .1: Pitfall - Extending 'java.lang.Thread' Section 133 .2: Pitfall - Too many threads makes an application slower Section 133 .3: Pitfall: incorrect use of wait() / notify() The "Lost Notification" problem The "Illegal Monitor State" bug Wait / notify is too low-level Section 133 .4: Pitfall: Shared variables require proper synchronization Why can't I reproduce this? Section 133.5: Pitfall - Thread creation is relatively expensive Chapter 134: Java Pitfalls - Nulls and NullPointerException Section 134 .1: Pitfall - "Making good" unexpected nulls In summary Section 134 .2: Pitfall - Using null to represent an empty array or collection Section 134 .3: Pitfall - Not checking if an I/O stream isn't even initialized when closing it try { Section 134 .4: Pitfall - Returning null instead of throwing an exception Section 134 .5: Pitfall - Unnecessary use of Primitive Wrappers can lead to NullPointerExceptions Section 134 .6: Pitfall - Using "Yoda notation" to avoid NullPointerException Chapter 135: Java Pitfalls - Performance Issues Section 135 .1: Pitfall - String concatenation in a loop does not scale Section 135 .2: Pitfall - Using size() to test if a collection is empty is ine'Ident Section 135 .3: Pitfall - Interning strings so that you can use == is a bad idea Costs of using 'intern()' Interning as a potential denial of service vector Section 135 .4: Pitfall - Using 'new' to create primitive wrapper instances is ine'Ident Section 135 .5: Pitfall - E'lciency concerns with regular expressions return false; return true; Section 135.6: Pitfall - Small reads / writes on unbu'Iered streams are inelcient What about character-based streams? Are buffered streams always a win? Is this the fastest way to copy a file in Java? Section 135 .7: Pitfall - Over-use of primitive wrapper types is ine'Ident Section 135 .8: Pitfall - The overheads of creating log messages Solution Section 135 .9: Pitfall - Iterating a Map's keys can be inelcient Section 135. 10: Pitfall - Calling System.gc() is ineIcient Section 135.11: Pitfall - Calling 'new String(String)' is ine'Ident Chapter 136: ServiceLoader Section 136 .1: Simple ServiceLoader Example Section 136 .2: Logger Service Chapter 137: Classloaders Section 137 .1: Implementing a custom classLoader Section 137 .2: Loading an external .class file Section 137 .3: Instantiating and using a classloader Chapter 138: Creating Images Programmatically Section 138 .1: Creating a simple image programmatically and displaying it Section 138 .2: Save an Image to disk Section 138 .3: Setting individual pixel's color in Bu'Ieredlmage Section 138 .4: Specifying image rendering quality Section 138 .5: Creating an image with Bu'Ieredlmage class Section 138 .6: Editing and re-using image with Bu'Ieredlmage Section 138 .7: How to scale a BuIeredlmage Chapter 139: Atomic Types Parameter Description Section 139 .1: Creating Atomic Types Section 139 .2: Motivation for Atomic Types How does one implement Atomic Types? public void count(int number) { How do Atomic Types work? return new; Chapter 140: RSA Encryption Section 140.1: An example using a hybrid cryptosystem consisting of OAEP and GCM try { Chapter 141: Secure objects Section 141 .1: SealedObject (javax.crypto.SealedObject) Section 141 .2: SignedObject (java.security.SignedObject) Chapter 142: Security & Cryptography Section 142 .1: Compute Cryptographic Hashes Section 142 .2: Encrypt and Decrypt Data with Public / Private Keys Section 142 .3: Generate Cryptographically Random Data Section 142 .4: Generate Public / Private Key Pairs Section 142 .5: Compute and Verify Digital Signatures Chapter 143: Security & Cryptography Section 143 .1: The JCE Section 143 .2: Keys and Key Management Section 143 .3: Common Java vulnerabilities Section 143.4: Networking Concerns Section 143.5: Randomness and You Section 143.6: Hashing and Validation Chapter 144: SecurityManager Section 144 .1: Sandboxing classes loaded by a ClassLoader Section 144 .2: Enabling the SecurityManager Section 144 .3: Implementing policy deny rules try { } The DenyingPolicy class Chapter 145: JNDI Section 145.1: RMI through JNDI Chapter 146: sun.misc.Unsafe Section 146 .1: Instantiating sun.misc.Unsafe via reflection Section 146 .2: Instantiating sun.misc.Unsafe via bootclasspath Section 146 .3: Getting Instance of Unsafe public static final Unsafe UNSAFE; static { try { Section 146 .4: Uses of Unsafe Use Chapter 147: Java Memory Model Section 147 .1: Motivation for the Memory Model Effects of memory caches Proper synchronization The Memory Model Section 147 .2: Happens-before relationships Section 147 .3: How to avoid needing to understand the Memory Model Section 147 .4: Happens-before reasoning applied to some examples Behavior of 'volatile' in an example with 2 threads Chapter 148: Java deployment Section 148 .1: Making an executable JAR from the command line Section 148 .2: Creating an UberJAR for an application and its dependencies Section 148 .3: Creating JAR, WAR and EAR files Creating JAR, WAR and EAR files using the jar command. Section 148 .4: Introduction to Java Web Start An example JNLP file Demo