Ultrasound and Carotid Bifurcation Atherosclerosis

Description

Ultrasound and Carotid Bifurcation Atherosclerosis provides a comprehensive overview of the most recent advancements in instrumentation, imaging techniques including the use of contrast enhancement agents, plaque image analysis and its automation, elastography and plaque motion analysis; also, the use of ultrasonic and other biomarkers in the detection of the high risk cardiovascular individual. Finally, it deals with the application of IVUS, TCD and carotid plaque characterization in clinical practice and in stroke risk stratification. Ultrasound and Carotid Bifurcation Atherosclerosis is intended for all those working in the field of atherosclerosis, ultrasound imaging and cardiovascular risk, including the clinician, the vascular ultrasonographer, the epidemiologist, the molecular biologist, the biomedical engineer and the informatics scientist. Furthermore, this book bridges the gap between the researcher and the clinician, who is keen to incorporate the latest results of research to his daily practice. Front Matter....Pages i-xvii Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Stable and Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaques....Pages 3-25 Pathophysiology of Carotid Atherosclerosis....Pages 27-39 Vascular Hemodynamics of the Carotid Bifurcation and Its Relation to Arterial Disease....Pages 41-51 The Problem with Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis....Pages 53-63 Front Matter....Pages 65-65 Principles of Ultrasonic Imaging and Instrumentation....Pages 67-96 Despeckling....Pages 97-120 Vascular Ultrasound Imaging with Contrast Agents: Carotid Plaque Neovascularization and the Hyperplastic Vasa Vasorum Network....Pages 121-136 Nonlinear Contrast Intravascular Ultrasound....Pages 137-152 Molecular Imaging of Carotid Plaque with Targeted Ultrasound Contrast....Pages 153-161 Front Matter....Pages 163-163 Methodological Considerations of Ultrasound Measurement of Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness and Lumen Diameter....Pages 165-176 Automated Measurement of Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness....Pages 177-192 Image Normalization, Plaque Typing, and Texture Feature Extraction....Pages 193-211 Automated Classification of Plaques....Pages 213-221 Plaque Feature Extraction....Pages 223-245 Plaque Classification....Pages 247-262 Volumetric Evaluation of Carotid Atherosclerosis Using 3-Dimensional Ultrasonic Imaging....Pages 263-277 Carotid Plaque Surface Irregularity....Pages 279-297 Carotid Plaque Texture Analysis Using 3-Dimensional Volume Ultrasonic Imaging....Pages 299-324 Wall Motion Analysis....Pages 325-339 Noninvasive Carotid Elastography....Pages 341-353 Front Matter....Pages 163-163 Motion Estimation of Carotid Artery Plaques....Pages 355-376 Front Matter....Pages 377-377 Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Measurement: A Suitable Alternative for Cardiovascular Risk?....Pages 379-395 Intima-Media Thickness and Carotid Plaques in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment....Pages 397-418 Plaque Size, Growth, Echogenicity and Cardiovascular Risk: The Tromsø Study....Pages 419-429 Toward Clinical Applications of Carotid Ultrasound: Intima-Media Thickness, Plaque Area, and Three-Dimensional Phenotypes....Pages 431-448 Arterial Wall, Plaque Measurements, Biomarkers, and Metabolic Syndrome: Results from the Gothenburg Studies....Pages 449-459 Novel Biomarkers and Subclinical Atherosclerosis....Pages 461-486 Subclinical Atherosclerosis, Markers of Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress....Pages 487-509 Screening for Cardiovascular Risk Using Ultrasound: A Practical Approach....Pages 511-517 Front Matter....Pages 519-519 Grading Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis....Pages 521-542 The Significance of Echolucent Plaques: Past and Future Perspectives....Pages 543-549 Intravascular Ultrasound: Plaque Characterization....Pages 551-561 Grayscale-Based Stratified Color Mapping of Carotid Plaque....Pages 563-569 Transcranial Doppler and Cerebrovascular Risk Stratification in Patients with Internal Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis....Pages 571-593 Effect of Statin Therapy on Carotid Plaque Morphology....Pages 595-600 Image Analysis of Carotid Plaques and Risk Stratification....Pages 601-611 Ultrasonic Plaque Characterization: Results from the Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis and Risk of Stroke (ACSRS) Study....Pages 613-632 Back Matter....Pages 633-649