Design and Analysis of Centrifugal Compressors (Wiley-ASME Press Series)

Description

A comprehensive overview of fluid dynamic models and experimental results that can help solve problems in centrifugal compressors and modern techniques for a more efficient aerodynamic design. Design and Analysis of Centrifugal Compressors isacomprehensive overview of the theoretical fluid dynamic models describing the flow in centrifugal compressors and the modern techniques for the design of more efficient centrifugal compressors. The author — a noted expert in the field, with over 40 years of experience — evaluates relevant numerical and analytical prediction models for centrifugal compressors with special attention to their accuracy and limitations. Relevant knowledge from the last century is linked with new insights obtained from modern CFD. Emphasis is to link the flow structure, performance and stability to the geometry of the different compressor components.  Design and Analysis of Centrifugal Compressors is an accessible resource that combines theory with experimental data and previous research with recent developments in computational design and optimization. This important resource  Covers the basic information concerning fluid dynamics that are specific for centrifugal compressors and clarifies the differences with axial compressors Provides an overview of performance prediction models previously developed in combination with extra results from research conducted by the author Describes helpful numerical and analytical models for the flow in the different components in relation to flow stability, operating range and performance Includes the fundamental information for the aerodynamic design of more efficient centrifugal compressors Explains the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the design and analysis of centrifugal compressors Written for engineers, researchers and designers in industry as well as for academics specializing in the field, Design and Analysis of Centrifugal Compressors offers an up to date overview of the information needed for the design of more effective centrifugal compressors. Cover Title Page Copyright Contents Preface Acknowledgements List of Symbols Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Application of Centrifugal Compressors 1.2 Achievable Efficiency 1.3 Diabatic Flows 1.4 Transformation of Energy in Radial Compressors 1.5 Performance Map 1.5.1 Theoretical Performance Curve 1.5.2 Finite Number of Blades 1.5.3 Real Performance Curve 1.6 Degree of Reaction 1.7 Operating Conditions Chapter 2 Compressor Inlets 2.1 Inlet Guide Vanes 2.1.1 Influence of Prerotation on Pressure Ratio 2.1.2 Design of IGVs 2.2 The Inducer 2.2.1 Calculation of the Inlet 2.2.1.1 Determination of the Inducer Shroud Radius 2.2.2 Optimum Incidence Angle 2.2.3 Inducer Choking Mass Flow Chapter 3 Radial Impeller Flow Calculation 3.1 Inviscid Impeller Flow Calculation 3.1.1 Meridional Velocity Calculation 3.1.2 Blade to Blade Velocity Calculation 3.1.3 Optimal Velocity Distribution 3.2 3D Impeller Flow 3.2.1 3D Inviscid Flow 3.2.2 Boundary Layers 3.2.3 Secondary Flows 3.2.3.1 Shrouded–unshrouded 3.2.4 Full 3D Geometries 3.3 Performance Predictions 3.3.1 Flow in Divergent Channels 3.3.2 Impeller Diffusion Model 3.3.3 Two‐zone Flow Model 3.3.4 Calculation of Average Flow Conditions 3.3.5 Influence of the Wake/Jet Velocity Ratio v on Impeller Performance 3.4 Slip Factor 3.5 Disk Friction Chapter 4 The Diffuser 4.1 Vaneless Diffusers 4.1.1 One‐dimensional Calculation 4.1.2 Circumferential Distortion 4.1.3 Three‐dimensional Flow Calculation 4.2 Vaned Diffusers 4.2.1 Curved Vane Diffusers 4.2.2 Channel Diffusers 4.2.3 The Vaneless and Semi‐vaneless Space 4.2.4 The Diffuser Channel Chapter 5 Detailed Geometry Design 5.1 Inverse Design Methods 5.1.1 Analytical Inverse Design Methods 5.1.2 Inverse Design by CFD 5.2 Optimization Systems 5.2.1 Parameterized Definition of the Impeller Geometry 5.2.2 Search Mechanisms 5.2.2.1 Gradient Methods 5.2.2.2 Zero‐order Search Mechanisms 5.2.2.3 Evolutionary Methods 5.2.3 Metamodel Assisted Optimization 5.2.4 Multiobjective and Constraint Optimization 5.2.4.1 Multiobjective Ranking 5.2.4.2 Constraints 5.2.4.3 Multiobjective Design of Centrifugal Impellers 5.2.5 Multipoint Optimization 5.2.5.1 Design of a Low Solidity Diffuser 5.2.5.2 Multipoint Impeller Design 5.2.6 Robust Optimization Chapter 6 Volutes 6.1 Inlet Volutes 6.1.1 Inlet Bends 6.1.2 Inlet Volutes 6.1.3 Vaned Inlet Volutes 6.1.4 Tangential Inlet Volute 6.2 Outlet Volutes 6.2.1 Volute Flow Model 6.2.2 Main Geometrical Parameters 6.2.3 Detailed 3D Flow Structure in Volutes 6.2.3.1 Design Mass Flow Operation 6.2.3.2 Lower than Design Mass Flow 6.2.3.3 Higher than Design Mass Flow 6.2.4 Central Elliptic Volutes 6.2.4.1 High Mass Flow Measurements 6.2.4.2 Medium and Low Mass Flow Measurements 6.2.4.3 Volute Outlet Measurements 6.2.5 Internal Rectangular Volutes 6.2.5.1 High Mass Flow Measurements 6.2.5.2 Medium Mass Flow Measurements 6.2.5.3 Low Mass Flow Measurements 6.2.6 Volute Cross Sectional Shape 6.2.7 Volute Performance 6.2.7.1 Experimental Results 6.2.7.2 Performance Predictions 6.2.7.3 Detailed Evaluation of Volute Loss Model 6.2.8 3D analysis of Volute Flow 6.3 Volute‐diffuser Optimization 6.3.1 Non‐axisymmetric Diffuser 6.3.2 Increased Diffuser Exit Width Chapter 7 Impeller Response to Outlet Distortion 7.1 Experimental Observations 7.2 Theoretical Predictions 7.2.1 1D Model 7.2.2 CFD: Mixing Plane Approach 7.2.3 3D Unsteady Flow Calculations 7.2.3.1 Impeller with 20 Full Blades 7.2.3.2 Impeller with Splitter Vanes 7.2.4 Inlet and Outlet Flow Distortion 7.2.4.1 Parametric Study 7.2.5 Frozen Rotor Approach 7.3 Radial Forces 7.3.1 Experimental Observations 7.3.2 Computation of Radial Forces 7.3.2.0 Influence of Impeller Geometry 7.4 Off‐design Performance Prediction 7.4.1 Impeller Response Model 7.4.2 Diffuser Response Model 7.4.3 Volute Flow Calculation 7.4.4 Impeller Outlet Pressure Distribution 7.4.5 Evaluation and Conclusion Chapter 8 Stability and Range 8.1 Distinction Between Different Types of Rotating Stall 8.2 Vaneless Diffuser Rotating Stall 8.2.1 Theoretical Stability Calculation 8.2.2 Comparison with Experiments 8.2.3 Influence of the Diffuser Inlet Shape and Pinching 8.3 Abrupt Impeller Rotating Stall 8.3.1 Theoretical Prediction Models 8.3.2 Comparison with Experimental Results 8.4 Progressive Impeller Rotating Stall 8.4.1 Experimental Observations 8.5 Vaned Diffuser Rotating Stall 8.5.1 Return Channel Rotating Stall 8.6 Surge 8.6.1 Lumped Parameter Surge Model 8.6.2 Mild Versus Deep Surge 8.6.3 An Alternative Surge Prediction Model Chapter 9 Operating Range 9.1 Active Surge Control 9.1.1 Throttle Valve Control 9.1.2 Variable Plenum Control 9.1.3 Active Magnetic Bearings 9.1.4 Close‐coupled Resistance 9.2 Bypass Valves 9.3 Increased Impeller Stability 9.3.1 Dual Entry Compressors 9.3.2 Casing Treatment 9.4 Enhanced Vaned Diffuser Stability 9.5 Impeller–diffuser Matching 9.6 Enhanced Vaneless Diffuser Stability 9.6.1 Low Solidity Vaned Diffusers 9.6.2 Half‐height Vanes 9.6.3 Rotating Vaneless Diffusers Bibliography Index EULA