From the Napoleonic Empire to the Age of Empire: Empire after the Emperor

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This book explores imperial entanglements to reassess the Napoleonic Empire as a missing link—or at least an important chain—in the global and longue durée history of Empires. In recent years Napoleonic studies have, belatedly but resolutely, embraced the transnational historiographical turn, vastly expanding the field’s geographical scope. Its canonical chronological boundaries, on the other hand, appear increasingly narrow against this wider backdrop, giving the impression of a parenthetical, almost anachronistic aside from 1799 to 1815. What connects, and what doesn’t connect, the Napoleonic Empire to the Age of Empire, remains by and large an open question. Put another way, this book attempts to locate the Napoleonic empire in World History.  Series Editors’ Preface Contents Notes on Contributors List of Figures List of Maps List of Tables Introduction: Opening up the Napoleonic Empire Finding a New Historiographical Frame for a New Historical Object Setting Sail on the Napoleonic Empire: New Directions Part I: The Napoleonic Empire, Between Imperialisms Joseph Eschassériaux: From New Colonisation to Imperial Diplomacy—Hypotheses as to a Reconversion (1797–1803) The “Eschassériaux Moment”: 1797 Colonisation, Civilisation and Nation: A Project for Europe Permanence and Change Conclusion Napoleon of Arabia? Piracy in the Persian Gulf, the French Threat to India, and British Imperial Responses A Quiet Backwater? The East India Company and Gulf Piracy at the End of the Eighteenth Century A Great Fear? The French Expedition in Egypt and Napoleon’s Endeavours in Arabia A Persisting French Threat on India? Franco-British Encroachments in Persia The Jacobin and the Mameluke: Islam, Race and Political Culture at the End of Empire The Making of the Mameluke as a Political Category Mamelukes in Political Transition Chateaubriand’s Mamelukes The Restoration Mameluke Korais’s Greece and Napoleon’s Empire: The Egyptian Campaign, Race Science, and the Europeanization an Idea Korais and France, Korais in France The Egyptian Campaign, Civilization, and Race Science After Empire: Korais’s Greece and the Greek War of Independence Conclusion The Scientific Appropriation of the World: The Imperial Legacy in Naval Officer Training Officer Training: The True Napoleonic Legacy for the Navy Reappropriating an Imperial Education Enhancing Scientific Capabilities Scientific Abilities in the Service of Objectives of French Power Diplomacy, Prospecting, Military Campaigns Aimable Constant Jehenne: A “Poster Boy” for the ESM Conclusion Free Ports, Free Trade, Freedom: Napoleon’s Manifold Legacy in Institutions and Images Unfulfilled Dreams: Napoleon and a Global System of Free Ports Unimaginable Entanglements between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean Unexpected Legacies: By Way of Conclusion Part II: Individual Trajectories and Imperial Conversions Tracing the Colonial Careers of Two Former Napoleonic Officials: Godert van der Capellen and Bernard Besier The van der Capellen and Besier Families Napoleonic Period in the Netherlands Indonesian Imperial Careers The Java War (1825–1830) Conclusions: Traces of Napoleonic Empire-Building? French Colonial Governors in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century: Miniature Emperors? More of a Napoleonic than an Imperial Crucible A Napoleonic Officer? Napoleonic or Imperial Officials in Colonial Action? From New Départements to the New World: The Colonial Itinerary of an Imperial Agent An Imperial Agent’s Conversion Becoming a Person of Note A Dignitary of Masonic Universalism The Colonial Obsession The Guyandotte Company A Civilizing View “Contriving to Pick Up Some Sailors”: The Royal Navy and Foreign Manpower, 1815–1865 Foreigners’ Percentages and Rating during the Algiers Expedition, 1816 Foreigners’ Percentages and Rating during the Crimean War, 1855 Continuous Service and the 1860s Conclusion Indian Horizons: Four Officers of the Empire in the Sikh Kingdom of the Punjab (North-West India), 1822–1849 From Egypt to Algeria: General Pierre Boyer’s Counter-Insurgent and Imperial Career From the Egypt of Bonaparte to the Egypt of Muhammad Ali The “Law of the Sabre” Holding Oran Against a Rebellious Surrounding Countryside Part III: New Beginnings Overseas Algiers, the Last Napoleonic Conquest The Napoleonic Conquest of Algiers Did Not Take Place Algiers in Napoleon’s Great Game in the Mediterranean The Boutin Report The French Faced with the Algiers Option From the Napoleonic Conquest to the Total Conquest Towards a New Territorial Union? A Napoleonic Legacy: The Algiers Government Commission The Colonial Split Algeria as a New Imperial Construction: Between a Search for Abilities and a Place to Politically Relegate Foreign Veterans An Army for Conquering Algeria: Political Transition in France, Revolutionary Upheavals in Europe and Foreign Refugees Consolidating the July Monarchy by Taking Account of the Potential for Sedition The Foreign Legion: New Foreigners in the Service of French Imperialism Foreigners: Military Capabilities for a New French Imperial Construction? Identifying Napoleonic Veterans: A Search for Tested Military Abilities… … Although Disrupted by Recruiting Difficulties that Were Underestimated An Empire on the Opposite Shore of the Mediterranean: A Double Logic of Downgrading and Budget Savings The Political Concerns of a Recently Established Regime: Keeping Troublemakers at a Distance In the Depots in France and then Algeria, the Legion as a Space of the “Outer Empire”? Budgetary Ulterior Motives The Empire of Laws After the Emperor: French Legal Domination in Nineteenth-Century Egypt The Origins of French Legal Dominance in Egypt The Informal Mechanisms of French Legal Domination Limits and Downfall of the French Empire of Laws in Egypt Index