Digital Transformation and the World Economy: Critical Factors and Sector-Focused Mathematical Models

Description

Nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, and cognitive sciences are contributing to the emergence of intelligent computers and robots with elements of artificial intelligence and intelligent machines. This book postulates that these developments are accelerating the technological substitution of jobs and the shift in labor demand towards high qualification levels, putting the jobs of lower-skilled labor at risk. The digital economy is poised to increase the demand for highly qualified specialists in STEM fields (scientific research, innovative technologies, engineering, and mathematics serving digital technologies). In addition, highly skilled robotics engineers, AI and machine learning specialists, and virtual and augmented reality architects will be required. This book, using sector-focused mathematical models, explores how the demand for specialized human capital will play a decisive role in increasing the efficiency and productivity of labor in the digital economy. Success is guaranteed to those entrepreneurs who manage to establish a successful process of interaction with intelligent machines, which will require a deep restructuring of the training system for the digital economy. Preface References Contents Rethinking Theory on the Role of Technological Innovation in Economic Development 1 Introduction 2 The Principle of Turning Points in the Development of Technology 3 The Evolutionary Nature of Innovation 4 Nonlinearity and Self-organization of Innovations 5 The Principle of Creative Symbiosis 6 Self-organization and Fractal Structure of Innovation 7 Fractal Structure of Innovation 8 Chain Fractals of IS Devices 9 Scope of Group Fractals 10 Synergetic Paradigm 11 The Triad of Technological Progress: Inventions, Innovations, and Investments 12 Selection and Implementation of Innovations 13 State and Innovation 14 Technological Progress and Economic Growth 15 Conclusion References Information Model for Calculating the Rate of Technical Progress 1 Introduction 2 Amount of Technological Knowledge 3 Kurzweil´s Law of Accelerating Returns for ICT 4 Isenson-Hartman Model for Describing Informational Dynamics 5 Models for Forecast Calculations of ICT Contribution into Technical Progress in Resource-limited Settings 6 Conclusion References K-Waves and the Innovation-Technological Paradigm of Schumpeter-Mensch-Freeman-Hirooka 1 Introduction 2 Fundamentals of Kondratiev-Schumpeter´s Theory of Innovative Cyclical Economic Development 3 Contribution of Mensch, Freeman, and Hirooka to Kondratiev-Schumpeter´s Theory of Innovative Cyclical Economic Development 4 Diffusion of Innovations and Hirooka´s Innovative Paradigm 5 Innovation Paradigm and Factors of Economic Growth 6 Modeling the Technological Level of Production Potential 7 Technological Progress and Economic Growth 8 Long Waves and Innovation Paradigms: Practice of Economic Development 9 A Rising Phase of Kondratiev´s Sixth Long Wave: Mainstream Innovations and Technological Convergence 10 Conclusion References Assessment of the Quality of Growth of National Economies in the Context of Digital Transformation 1 Introduction 2 Theories of Economic Growth and Phenomenon of ``The Quality of Growth´´ 3 Quality of Growth and Digital Transformation 4 Methodology and Information Base 5 Results 6 Conclusion References Digital Transformation and Growth Models 1 Introduction 2 Stylized Facts and the Model Theoretical Foundations 3 Data and Model 3.1 Data 3.2 The Basic Model of Long-Term Economic Growth 3.3 The Basic Model of Long-Term Economic Growth 3.4 The Model of the Dynamics of Technological Progress in the Era of the Digital Economy 3.5 Models of Employment and Income, Taking into Account Technological Substitution of Jobs 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Results 4.2 Analysis of the Results 4.3 Discussion 5 Conclusion References The Dualistic Nature of Technological Convergence and Human Resources 1 Introduction 2 NBIC Technologies as an Example of Technological Convergence 3 Formation of Human Resource in the Context of Convergence of Technologies 4 Technological Convergence and Job Substitution 5 Conclusion References Education System and Labor Market in the Context of Digital Transformation 1 Introduction 2 Qualifications, Education, and Wage Level 3 Interrelations between Technological Change and Level of Qualification 4 Modern Professional Education and the Labor Market 5 Modern System of Education in Russia 6 Levels of Qualification, Industry, and Regions 7 Conclusion References Structural Change in Developed Economies in the Digital Age 1 Introduction 2 Structure and Its Role in the Economic Development 3 Some Empirical Facts 4 Information and Communication Technologies and the Structure of the Economy 5 Conclusion References Theory and Practice of Territories Spatial Development Based on the Smart City Concept 1 Introduction 2 Practice of Territory Spatial Development Based on the Smart City Concept 3 Digital Technologies as Tools for Implementing Territorial Development Strategies 4 Approaches to Territory Spatial Development Based on the Smart City Concept 5 Conclusion References Exo-intelligent Data-Driven Reconfigurable Computing Platform 1 Introduction 2 The Problem of ``Reverse´´ Translation of Algorithms 3 Reconfigurable Heterogeneous Platform 4 Thermodynamics of Turing´s Incompatibility 5 Discreteness of Cognitive Perception 6 Algorithmic Efficiency 7 The Proposed Architecture of Reconfigurable Heterogeneous Distributed HPC System 8 Discussion 9 Conclusions References Critical Factors and Challenges of Healthcare Digital Transformation 1 Introduction 2 Modern Trends in Healthcare Development 2.1 Digitalization 2.2 Patient Centricity 2.3 Datacentricity 2.4 Values-Oriented Healthcare 3 Digital Transformation of Healthcare: Global Experience, Key Factors, Difficulties 3.1 World Experience South Korea Experience Singapore Experience China Experience Russia Experience 3.2 Key Factors in the Health Care Development 3.3 The Challenges of Digital Healthcare Transformation 4 Conclusion References Digital Transformation Maturity Model 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Capability Maturity Model 2.2 Capability Maturity Model Integration 2.3 COBIT 4.1 2.4 ISO / IEC 15504 2.5 SPICE 2.6 Project Management Maturity Model 2.7 Organizational Project Management Maturity Model 2.8 BPMM 3 Results 4 Conclusion and Discussion References