NATO in the Post-Cold War Era: Continuity and Transformation

Description

This book analyses the evolution of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and its policies from the Cold War until today. NATO’s future cannot be fully understood without analysing its past: the origins of its structure and goals, and their transformation over time.  By exploring NATO’s geopolitical and military role at crucial points throughout history, this edited volume considers the challenges and threats which have faced the alliance, as well as its strengths and weaknesses. It covers highly-debated and unresolved issues such as budgetary burden-sharing and the military transatlantic gap, the enlargement process, and the role of Asia in influencing NATO’s policies. Combining a historical approach with international perspectives, this book is an interdisciplinary read that will appeal to scholars of diplomatic history and international relations. Chapters 1 and 2 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com. Acknowledgments Praise for NATO in the Post-Cold War Era Contents Notes on Contributors 1 Introduction: NATO in Its Seventh Decade—A Reappraisal History’s Most Successful Alliance Needs Better Publicity NATO Evolution During the Cold War A Flexible Treaty NATO Operations After the Cold War Bibliography 2 The Historical Roots of the Atlantic Alliance Between Values and Interests The Short Term Path to the Atlantic Pact The United States: ‘Necessary but Undesirable’ Failed Efforts to Create an ‘Atlantic Community’: The Debate on Art. 2 in the 1950s Conclusion: Increasingly Diverging Perspectives After the Cold War, but Still Very Close Bibliography 3 A Troublesome Relationship: The US Grand Strategy and NATO The Cold War: An Age of Consensus? From 11/9 to 9/11: The Legacy of a ‘Lost’ Decade? The Age of Disenchantment: 9/11 to 11/9 The US ‘Pivot to Asia’: Another Challenge to the Atlantic Alliance? Concluding Remarks Bibliography 4 Russia-NATO-US: From Detente to Impossible Cooperation Bibliography 5 The Anglo-American Special Relationship and NATO: The Past and the Present as Indicators of What Might Come Next? Introduction The Most Equal SACLANT and Anglo-American Relations The SNF Crisis and Anglo-American Relations Post-Cold War Relations Conclusions Bibliography 6 The Role of NATO in European Integration Introduction Automatism and Discrimination: European Defence Before the North Atlantic Treaty: 1947–1949 The Conditioned De-discrimination: Germany, the Failure of the EDC, and the Creation of the WEU (1950–1954) The Pleven Plan and the European Defence Community (EDC) The Western European Union (WEU) and West German Rearmament Within NATO NATO and European Security Cooperation at the Cold War’s End: From German Unity to Maastricht (1986–1992) NATO and European Defence After Brexit Conclusions References 7 The Origins of the Post-Cold War NATO Enlargement: Stability Projection and Factor of Crisis The US Decision to Enlarge NATO The Russian Thorn Inter-Allied Negotiations Conclusion: The Seeds of Today’s Conflict Bibliography 8 NATO’s Partnerships in the Mediterranean and the Greater Middle East Introduction NATO Med Dialogue The Expansion of Med Dialogue The Istanbul Cooperation Initiative The New Strategic Concept and the Problematic Cooperation with the Med and the Greater Middle East NATO and the Arab Revolutions The Fight Against ISIS. The Embraced NATO Regional Order for the Med and the Greater Middle East Collapses New Actors in the Med and the Greater Middle East and the Reconfiguration of the Partnerships Bibliography 9 NATO and the Impact of the Long War in Afghanistan: Avoiding a Wrong Memory About ISAF The Long War in Afghanistan and the Narrative of Failure NATO as the Late Comer in Kabul Peacekeeping and State-Building During War: NATO-ISAF Alongside Enduring Freedom From Peacekeeping to Counterterrorism: ISAF’s Strategic and Tactical Adjustments During the Mission Conclusion: Avoiding a Wrong Memory Bibliography 10 NATO from the Balkans to Libya: Dynamics and Renewal of a Wilsonian Alliance The Atlantic Alliance Beyond Neorealism From Bosnia to NATO’s Enlargement NATO at War: The Limits of Multilateralism Conclusion Bibliography 11 NATO and the Fight Against International Terrorism Introduction Conceptual Analysis NATO’s Response to Terrorism An Evolving Counter-Terrorism Framework Constraints and Shortfalls of NATO’s Counter-Terrorism Strategy Political Divergences Better Cooperation with Other Organisations What Role for NATO? More and Deeper Partnership Intelligence Sharing Optimising Resources Conclusion Bibliography 12 How Strong Is NATO’s Arm: Commands, Cash, Capabilities and Contributions Introduction The Shifts of the Alliance’s Command Structure The Transformation of NATO Commands Until 2014 The Post-2014 Re-adaptation The Issue of Allies’ Defence Spending Military Budgets Trends Until 2014 The 2014 Defence Spending Pledge and the Transatlantic Burden Sharing Comparing Defence Spending in NATO and Russia Capabilities and Contributions to Collective Defence and Deterrence The Role of NATO Defence Planning Process The NATO Force Structure and the Eastern Flank Deterrence Through Tripwire, Defence Via Reinforcements Bibliography 13 Conclusion: NATO Between Mere Survival and Strategic Relaunching Bibliography Index of Names