These People Have Always Been a Republic: Indigenous Electorates in the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands, 1598-1912

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Awards & distinctions 2020 Caughey Western History Association Prize, Western History Association 2020 David J. Weber-Clements Prize, Western History Association Honorable Mention, 2020 Erminie Wheeler-Voegelin Book Award, American Society for Ethnohistory 2020 Southwest Book Award, Border Regional Library Association Spanning three hundred years and the colonial regimes of Spain, Mexico, and the United States, Maurice S. Crandall’s sweeping history of Native American political rights in what is now New Mexico, Arizona, and Sonora demonstrates how Indigenous communities implemented, subverted, rejected, and indigenized colonial ideologies of democracy, both to accommodate and to oppose colonial power. Focusing on four groups--Pueblos in New Mexico, Hopis in northern Arizona, and Tohono O'odhams and Yaquis in Arizona/Sonora--Crandall reveals the ways Indigenous peoples absorbed and adapted colonially imposed forms of politics to exercise sovereignty based on localized political, economic, and social needs. Using sources that include oral histories and multinational archives, this book allows us to compare Spanish, Mexican, and American conceptions of Indian citizenship, and adds to our understanding of the centuries-long struggle of Indigenous groups to assert their sovereignty in the face of settler colonial rule. Published with support provided by the William P. Clements Center for Southwest Studies at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas Frontmatter Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Ch. 1 | Republicas de Indios in Spanish New Mexico Ch. 2 | Hopis, Yaquis, and Oodhams in the Spanish Arizona-Sonora Borderlands: Political Incorporation by Degrees Ch. 3 | Pueblo Contestations of Power in the Mexican Period Ch. 4 | The Politics of Inclusion/Exclusion in the Arizona-Sonora Borderlands During the Mexican Period Ch. 5 | Refusing Citizenship: Pueblo Indians and Voting during the United States Territorial Period Ch. 6 | Disparate Designs: Indian Voting in Territorial Arizona Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index