50 Studies Every Ophthalmologist Should Know

Description

50 Studies Every Ophthalmologist Should Know presents key studies that have shaped the practice of ophthalmology. Selected using a rigorous methodology, emphasis has been placed on landmark studies which have influenced current ophthalmology practice guidelines. For each study, a concise summary is presented with an emphasis on the results and limitations of the study, and its implications for practice. An illustrative clinical case concludes each review, followed by brief information on other relevant studies. This book is a must-read for ophthalmologists, especially those in training or preparing for board review, as well as anyone who wants to learn more about the data behind clinical practice. cover Half Title Serious 50 Studies Every Ophthalmologist Should Know Copyright Contents Preface xi 1. Effectiveness of Histocompatibility Matching in High- Risk Corneal Transplantation: Collaborative Cornea Transplant Studies (CCTS) 1 2. Topical Corticosteroids for Herpes Simplex Stromal Keratitis: The Herpetic Eye Disease Study (HEDS) 9 3. Topical Corticosteroids for Bacterial Keratitis: The Steroids for Corneal Ulcers Trial (SCUT) 15 4. Topical Natamycin Versus Voriconazole for Fungal Corneal Ulcer: Mycotic Ulcer Treatment Trial (MUTT) 21 5. Prevalence of Age- Related Lens Opacities in a Population: The Beaver Dam Eye Study 27 6. Risk Factors for Cataract: The Lens Opacities Case- Control Study 33 7. High- Dose Supplementation with Vitamins C and E and Beta Carotene for Age- Related Cataract and Vision Loss: The Age- Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) 39 8. Routine Preoperative Medical Testing Before Cataract Surgery: Study of Medical Testing for Cataract Surgery 45 9. Prophylaxis of Postoperative Endophthalmitis Following Cataract Surgery: ESCRS Endophthalmitis Study 51 10. The Relationship Between Optic Disc Area and Open- Angle Glaucoma: The Baltimore Eye Survey 57 11. Is Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty Equivalent to Topical Medication as an Initial Treatment for Primary Open- Angle Glaucoma? The Glaucoma Laser Trial (GLT) 61 12. Intraocular Pressure Reduction in the Treatment of Normal- Tension Glaucoma: Collaborative Normal- Tension Glaucoma Study (CNTGS) 67 13. The Relationship Between Control of Intraocular Pressure After Surgical Intervention for Glaucoma and Visual Field Deterioration: The Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) 73 14. Reduction of Intraocular Pressure and Glaucoma Progression: Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial (EMGT) 79 15. Topical Ocular Hypotensive Medication to Delay or Prevent the Onset of Primary Open- Angle Glaucoma: The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) 85 16. Intraocular Pressure Control and Long- Term Visual Field Loss in Open- Angle Glaucoma: Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study (CIGTS) 91 17. Latanoprost for Open- Angle Glaucoma: United Kingdom Glaucoma Treatment Study (UKGTS) 97 18. Tube Shunt Surgery Versus Trabeculectomy in Eyes with Prior Ocular Surgery and Uncontrolled Glaucoma: Tube Versus Trabeculectomy (TVT) Study 103 19. Pooled Data Analysis of the Ahmed Baerveldt Comparison Study and the Ahmed Versus Baerveldt Study: Ahmed Baerveldt Comparison (ABC) Study, Ahmed Versus Baerveldt (AVB) Study 109 20. Risk Factors for Branch and Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: The Eye Disease Case- Control Study 115 21. Argon Laser Photocoagulation for Macular Edema in Branch Vein Occlusion: The Branch Vein Occlusion Study (BVOS) 121 22. Intraocular Injections of Ranibizumab in Patients with Macular Edema Following Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion: Ranibizumab for Macular Edema Following Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRAVO) Study 127 23. Grid Pattern Photocoagulation for Macular Edema in Central Vein Occlusion: The Central Vein Occlusion Study (CVOS) 133 24. Steroids in the Treatment of Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: The Standard Care vs. Corticosteroid for Retinal Vein Occlusion (SCORE- CRVO) Study 139 25. Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity: Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity (CRYO- ROP) Study 145 26. Supplemental Therapeutic Oxygen for Prethreshold Retinopathy of Prematurity: The Supplemental Therapeutic Oxygen for Prethreshold Retinopathy of Prematurity (STOP- ROP) Trial 151 27. Early Treatment of Prethreshold Retinopathy of Prematurity: Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ETROP) Study 157 28. Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Stage 3+ Retinopathy of Prematurity: Bevacizumab Eliminates the Angiogenic Threat of Retinopathy of Prematurity (BEAT- ROP) Study 163 29. Photocoagulation for Diabetic Macular Edema: Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) Report Number 1 169 30. Early Photocoagulation for Diabetic Retinopathy: Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) Report Number 9 177 31. Does Pars Plana Vitrectomy Improve Visual Outcomes in Patients with Complications of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) Report Number 17 185 32. Intensive Diabetes Management to Reduce the Risk of Retinopathy Developing or Progressing: The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) 191 33. Progression of Retinopathy and Vision Loss Related to Tight Blood Pressure Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Hypertension in Diabetes Study 199 34. Immediate Vitrectomy and Intravenous Antibiotics for the Treatment of Postoperative Bacterial Endophthalmitis: Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study (EVS) 207 35. Prevalence of Age- Related Maculopathy: The Beaver Dam Eye Study 213 36. Does High- Dose Supplementation with Vitamins C and E, Beta Carotene, and Zinc Slow the Progression of Age- Related Macular Degeneration and Vision Loss? Age- Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) 219 37. Argon Laser Photocoagulation for Extrafoveal Neovascular Maculopathy: Macular Photocoagulation Study 225 38. Photodynamic Therapy of Subfoveal Choroidal Neovascularization in Age- Related Macular Degeneration with Verteporfin: Treatment of Age- Related Macular Degeneration with Photodynamic Therapy (TAP) Study 231 39. Pegaptanib for Neovascular Age- Related Macular Degeneration: VEGF Inhibition Study in Ocular Neovascularization (V.I.S.I.O.N.) Clinical Trial 239 40. Ranibizumab for Neovascular Age- Related Macular Degeneration: Minimally Classic/ Occult Trial of the Anti- VEGF Antibody Ranibizumab in the Treatment of Neovascular AMD (MARINA) 245 41. Ranibizumab and Bevacizumab for Neovascular Age- Related Macular Degeneration: Comparison of Age- Related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials (CATT) 251 42. Effect of Pre- Enucleation Radiation on Mortality in Large Choroidal Melanomas: The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) Randomized Trial of Pre- enucleation Radiation of Large Choroidal 43. Systemic Anti- Inflammatory Therapy Versus Fluocinolone Acetonide: Multicenter Uveitis Steroid Treatment (MUST) Trial and Follow- Up Study 263 44. Botulinum A Toxin Injection into Extraocular Muscles as an Alternative to Strabismus Surgery 269 45. Botulinum A Toxin Injection as a Treatment for Blepharospasm 275 46. A Clinical Activity Score That Discriminates Between Inflammatory and Noninflammatory Graves’ Ophthalmopathy 279 47. Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Acute Optic Neuritis: The Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial 285 48. Atropine or Patching for Treatment of Moderate Amblyopia in Children: Patching vs. Atropine Trial 291 49. Contact Lens Versus Intraocular Lens Correction of Monocular Aphakia During Infancy: The Infant Aphakia Treatment Study 297 50. Effect of Acetazolamide on Visual Function in Patients with Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension and Mild Visual Loss: The Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial 303 Index 309