Artificial Intelligence and Economics: the Key to the Future

Description

This book aims to deal with the main advances in the study of artificial intelligence, the digital and circular economy and innovation from a multidisciplinary perspective. Whoever governs the artificial intelligence will hold the keys to the world and the future. This consideration explains the growing role of artificial intelligence in our lives and the need to understand its mechanisms. This book presents original research articles addressing various aspects of artificial intelligence applied to economics, law, management, and optimization. The topics discussed include, economics, territorial policies, law, resource allocation strategies, information technology, and learning for inclusion. Combining the input of contributing professors and researchers from Italian and other foreign universities, the book is of interest to students, researchers, and practitioners, as well as members of the public in general, interested in the world of the artificial intelligence and economics.  Introduction Contents A Provincial Indicator to Describe Potential Artificial Intelligence 1 Introduction 2 Process to Calculate the Indicator 2.1 Description of the Theoretical Framework 2.2 Methodology 3 Description of the Results 4 Discussion and Conclusions References Transitions, Harmony and the Mediterranean: The Case of the Harmonic Innovation Hub 1 Introduction 2 Strategies for a New Centrality of the Mediterranean: Going Back to the Notion of “Harmony” 3 The Paradigm of Harmonic Innovation 4 The Harmonic Innovation Hub Project 5 The Harmonic Innovation Program 6 A New Development Model for Southern Italy: “Mezzogiorno Mezzomondo” 7 Conclusions Sustainability in Manufacturing. From a Model of Transition to the Transition of the Model 1 Outline 2 From a Model of Transition to the Transition of the Model 3 Are Circular and Harmonic Synonymous? 4 The Role of SDGs 5 Resilience and Antifragility 6 Innovation Promotion 6.1 Entrepreneur 6.2 Worker 6.3 Customer 6.4 Public Policies 7 Equity, Responsibility, Sustainability: The Modern Industry 8 A New Model for Industrial Progress References A Prudent Balance for Emigration from Spain to Countries of the European Union 1 Introduction 2 The Search for the Country that Suits the Characteristics of Each Unemployed Spaniard 3 Methodology for an Orderly Assignment 4 The Assignment of Destinations in Different Countries 5 Conclusions References An International Classification of Volunteers Using Artificial Intelligence Methods 1 Introduction. What is Volunteer Work? 2 Background 3 Data and Methodology 3.1 Data 3.2 Methodology 4 Results 5 Discussion and Conclusions Appendix References Artificial Intelligence and Data Governance for Precision ePolicy Cycle 1 Introduction 2 Traditional Cycle of Public Policies and AI 2.1 Agenda Setting 2.2 Policy Formulation 2.3 Policy Adoption 2.4 Policy Implementation 2.5 Evaluation 2.6 Feedback 2.7 New Models 3 Precision ePolicy Cycle 4 The Precision Government of Smart Cities 5 Conclusions References Artificial Intelligence (A.I.)—Pandemics—Survival—Innovation and Adaptive Capacity References Harmonic Intelligence: Towards New Security Policies AI Based 1 Introduction 2 Security: A Historical Overview 3 The Role of Intelligence in Contemporary Reality 4 Harmonic Security 5 Artificial Intelligence and Harmonic Security 6 Some Concluding Remarks References Are Special Needs Only for Special Students? A Few Lessons Learnt from a year of Very Special Distance Learning 1 Introduction 2 Distance Learning: How It Used to Be and How It Became After the COVID-19 Pandemics 3 Distance Learning and Remote Cognitive Rehabilitation for Special Students 4 Are “Special Needs” Only for “Special Students” in Distance Learning? 5 Conclusions References Why Artificial Intelligence in Schools? References The Algorithmic Public Decision, Between Explainability, Administrative Discretion and Data-Driven Decision Making 1 Introduction 2 Applicability of AI in the Public Administration Contex: Critical Elements and Limits 2.1 The IT Administrative Act and the Degrees of Interaction Between AI and PA 2.2 Imputability, Transparency, Participation and Intrusive AI 3 Anthropocentric and Transparent AI by Design 4 Discussion and Conclusions 4.1 A Possible Incremental Roadmap: The Necessary Path of Contamination Between Technology and Law References A Multicriteria Approach to the Market of Electric/Hybrid Vehicles Using TOPSIS Method 1 Introduction 2 The Main Characteristics of Hybrid/Electric Cars and SWOT Analysis 3 The Multi-criteria Approach and the TOPSIS Method 4 Application of Multi-criteria Analysis in the Hybrid/Electric Passenger Car Sector 4.1 Selected Cars 4.2 Evaluation Criteria 4.3 Discussion of the Results 5 Conclusion References Using AI for Justice: Principles and Criteria of the “European Ethical Charter on the Use of AI in Judicial Systems” 1 Legal AI: Current Use and Development Suggestions 2 European Ethical Charter—A Guideline for the Use of AI in Justice Systems 3 Fundamental Rights, Need for Transparency of the Algorithm and Control by the User: Principles for the Protection of the Human Element 4 AI in Justice Systems: Current Status and Development Prospects 5 Ineluctability of Technological Progress and Regulatory Hypotheses: The Role of Cyber-Ethics References Criminal Law and Artificial Intelligence: Which Spaces for a Criminal Liability of the Robot? 1 AI and Criminal Law: An Introduction 2 Crimes Committed by Robots: General Framework 3 The Robot as a Tool for Voluntary Human Criminal Conduct 4 Criminal Liability for Negligence and Acts Materially Carried Out by a Robot 5 Autonomous and Direct Criminal Liability of the Robot? 6 Are There Alternatives to the Autonomous Criminalization of the Robot? 7 Conclusions References The Potential of Artificial Intelligence in the Development of (Equity) Crowdfunding 1 General Framework of the Crowfunding Phenomenon Centrality of the Online Platform 2 Interests Pursued with Equity Crowfunding 3 Institutional Attention and Choises of the EU Legislator. What Direction? 4 A Possible “Heterogenesis of Ends”? 5 The Role of Artificial Intelligence 5.1 Possible (and Alternative) Scenarios 6 The Question of Service Qualification 6.1 The Indications from the European Regulation 6.2 Proposal for the Classification of the Case 7 Artificial Intelligence and (Equity) Crowfunding: (Hoped) Back to the Future? References Ecological Transition Territory and City 1 The Times They Are a-Changin’ 2 Limits, Sustainability, Resources and Territory: The Rediscovery of Links and Resilience 3 Between Opportunities and Risks 4 Concluding Notes for a New Path of Anthropization References The Eco-Territorialist Approach for the Self-sustainability of Calabrian Contexts 1 Deterritorialization and Deletion of Environmental Regulations in Italian Southern Regions 2 Major Negative Impacts of Southern and Calabrian “Cement Overurbanization” 3 Instances of Environmental Recovery and Prospects for Planning and Design Innovation for the Southern and Calabrian Contexts 4 Perspectives of Self-sustainability from an Eco-Territorialist Approach to Calabrian Contexts 5 The Reterritorialization of the Grecanica Coast of Reggio and the “Condofuri WaterPark” References Sustainable Technologies in Urban and Architectural Renovation of Public Residential Estates 1 Introduction 2 Different Positions on Sustainability 2.1 Paradigms and Narratives 2.2 Strategies for a Sustainable Urban Development 2.3 Reflections on Sustainable Urban Development in a Post-pandemic Perspective 3 Design Tools and Strategies for Public Residential Neighbourhoods 3.1 A Neighborhood of Small Networks and Spaces 3.2 The Building Structure 4 Conclusions References The Contemporaneity of the Smart City 1 Beyond the Smart City 2 A Look at the Evolutionary Characteristics of the Contemporary City 3 Artificial Intelligence at the Service of Urban and Territorial Quality 3.1 Develop a Vision for the Future! Towards Harmonious and Sustainable Cities 1 Entopan, A Harmonious Development Poised Between Innovation and Protection of the Territory 2 Reinvent Cities, The Competition for the Ex Macello [Former Abattoir] Area in Milan 3 A Methodological Proposal to Regenerate Public Residential Districts