Routledge Handbook of Urban Food Governance

Description

The Routledge Handbook of Urban Food Governance is the first collection to reflect on and compile the currently dispersed histories, concepts and practices involved in the increasingly popular field of urban food governance. Unpacking the power of urban food governance and its capacity to affect lives through the transformation of cities and the global food system, the Handbook is structured into five parts. The first part focuses on histories of urban food governance to trace the historical roots of current dynamics and provide an impetus for the critical lens on urban food governance threaded through the Handbook. The second part presents a broad overview of the different frames, theories and concepts that have informed urban food governance scholarship. Drawing on the previous parts, part three engages with the practice of urban food governance by analysing plans, policies and programmes implemented in different contexts. Part four presents current knowledge on how urban food governance involves different agencies that operate across scales and sectors. The final part asks key figures in this field what the future holds for urban food governance in the midst of pressing societal and environmental challenges. Containing chapters written by emerging and established scholars, as well as practitioners, the Handbook provides a state of the art, global and diverse examination of the role of cities in delivering sustainable and secure food outcomes, as well as providing refreshed theoretical and practical tools to understand and transform urban food governance to enact more sustainable and just futures. The Routledge Handbook of Urban Food Governance will be essential reading for students, scholars, practitioners and policymakers interested in food governance, urban studies, sustainable food and agriculture, and sustainable living more broadly. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents Figures Tables Contributors Acknowledgements 1 Towards Urban Food Governance for More Sustainable and Just Futures Introduction The Handbook of Urban Food Governance: Histories, Theories, Practices, Agencies, and Futures of Urban Food Governance Part I Histories of Urban Food Governance Part II Frames, Theories, and Concepts of Urban Food Governance Part III Practising Urban Food Governance Part IV Scales and Agencies in Urban Food Governance Part V Urban Food Governance Futures Understanding and Transforming Urban Food Governance Principle 1: Time Matters Principle 2: Place Matters Principle 3: Relations Matter Principle 4: Diversity Matters Principle 5: Power Matters Conclusion References Part I Histories of Urban Food Governance 2 The Role of Food Systems in Shaping Western Civilisation Introduction Rome – Consumer City Paris – the ‘New Rome’ London – Feeding the Wen The Case for Free Trade ‘Nobody Does It’ Chicago – Emporium of the World Sitopia Effects of Good Government Note References 3 Urban Change and the Multi-Scalar Politics of Food Systems in Colonial Africa Introduction The Case of Kenya Urban Food Systems, Sanitation, and Nutrition (1890s to 1920s) Depression and War (1930s to 1945) The Late Colonial Period (1945 to 1960s) Conclusion Notes References 4 The Historical Role of Cities in Recursively Shaping Global Food Systems: Southeast Asia Introduction The Southeast Asia Context Rice, Fish, and the Foundations of Southeast Asian Eating Conceptual Framework The Foodscape Concept The Early Age of Commerce – 900–1300ce The Age of Commerce – 1450–1680 European Colonialism in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries The Second World War and Post-War Independence Struggles Flourishing of Work in the 1970s and Resurgence in the 1990s Asian Economic Crisis, 2008 and Now COVID-19 – Quo Vadis? Acknowledgements Bibliography Part II Frames, Theories and Concepts of Urban Food Governance 5 Social Practice Theories and Urban Food Governance: From Problem Framing to Designing Collaborative Change Initiatives Introduction Social Practices: Concepts and Definitions Food Governance, Social Practices, and Collaborative Change Initiatives Two Case Studies: a Social Practice Approach for Informing Urban Food Governance Case 1: Community-Driven Change Initiative: Auberge Des Vergers, Geneva, Switzerland Case 2: A Policy-Driven Initiative: Sustainable Public Catering in Helsinki, Finland Conclusion References 6 Feminist Ethics of Care in Urban Food Governance Introduction Enacting a Feminist Ethics of Care in the Urban Caring Connections: Proximity and Distance in Urban Food Governance Care as a Politics in Urban Food Governance: Who Is Taking Responsibility? Materialities of Care in Urban Food Governance Conclusion References 7 Urban Food Democracy Introduction Democratic Implications of Urban Food Governance Food Democracy Urban Democracy Urban Food Democracy Future Perspectives References 8 Governing and Commoning Activities Around Urban Food Commons Introduction Commoning Land Through Community Gardening Urban Food Governance Innovations – Tools for Commoning Conclusion References 9 Justice, Race and Urban Food Governance Introduction Planning, Urban Agriculture, and Justice Boston’s Urban Agriculture Overlay District A Racialized Environmental History Dorchester Residents Resist the UAOD Community Input Community Benefits Better Late Than Never: Developing Community Support Silence Is Not Consent: The City Listens New Process Reflects Community Concerns Lessons Learned Acknowledgments References 10 Conceptualisations of Urban Food Governance Introduction Three Types and Six Conceptualisations Governance Form Between Actors Networked Governance Collaborative Governance Overlaps, Complementarities and Practical Value Governance Forms Between Governance Structures, Entities Or Levels Multilevel Governance Polycentric Governance Overlaps, Complementarities and Practical Value Practices to Strengthen Governance Reflexive Governance Adaptive Governance Overlaps, Complementarities and Practical Value Conclusions and Future Work Note References 11 Exploring Urban Foodscapes Via Feminist Political Ecology Introduction Feminist Political Ecology Feminist Foodscapes Illustration From Gaborone, Botswana Conclusion: Urban Food Governance Interventions Acknowledgements Note References 12 Innovation Theory and Urban Food Governance: Transition Thinking, Social Innovation and Transformative Change Introduction Transition Management and Sustainability Transition: System Change Through Vertical and Horizontal Linkages The Multi-Level Perspective: Vertical Linkages The Social Practices Approach and Social Innovation: Horizontal Linkages Living Labs and Rural–urban Food System Innovation Living Lab Definitions, Origins and Capacities to Enable Change Food Governance Experiments: Creating Mechanisms to Strengthen Rural–urban Linkages Towards Transformative Change: ‘Just Sustainabilities’ and Food Justice Conclusion Notes References Part III Practising Urban Food Governance 13 Relationships Between Food Policy Councils and Government in the United States Introduction Food Policy Council Basics History of Food Policy Councils Governance and Power Food Policy Council and Government Arrangements Formal Relationships With Government Food Policy Council Membership Community Engagement Policy Engagement Discussion and Conclusion Notes References 14 Food Policy Councils and Governance Partnerships in African Urban Contexts Introduction Place-based Food Governance Innovations The Southern Urban Food Crisis Case Studies Cape Town Antananarivo Stellenbosch Arusha Discussion and Conclusion Notes References 15 Conceptualizing and Exploring U.S. Urban Food Policy Introduction What Is Policy? From National Food Security to Urban Food Policy Urban Food Policy in Practice Where to Now? Conclusion Notes References 16 Strategies for Institutionalizing Food Systems Planning Introduction The Current State of Food Systems Planning Moving Towards Institutionalization Actively Moulding Policy Entrepreneurs Establishing, Tapping Into, and Growing a Broad Base of Support Preparing Ready-Made Solutions and Codifying a Focus On Food Strategic Framing to Appeal to People’s Interests Conclusion Notes References 17 Public Procurement as a Tool in Urban Food Governance in Brazil Introduction The Zero Hunger Strategy and the National System for Food and Nutrition Security Food Procurement Programs in Brazil Challenges for Urban Governance Conclusion References 18 Can Participatory Budgeting Be a Tool in Urban Food Governance? Introduction Participatory Budgeting in Belo Horizonte, Brazil Issues With Participatory Budgeting: Does the Practice Measure Up to Its Promise? The Practice of Participatory Democracy in Belo Horizonte’s Food Governance Discussion Conclusions References 19 The Formal and Informal Governance of Urban Food Waste in Cities: Case Studies in the United States and Indonesia Introduction Conceptualizing Food Waste Governance Formal Food Waste Governance in Cities Informal Food Waste Governance in Cities Case Studies Dayton, Ohio, United States Case Study: Bogor, Indonesia Conclusion Notes References 20 Perspective From an African City: Food Market Governance in Dar Es Salaam Introduction The Nature of Urban Food Market Governance in Africa Food Systems and the African Urban Food Governance Context Recognized Civil Society and Private Sector The Subaltern and Symbiotic Food Systems The Interface Across These Spheres of Food System Governance The Case of Dar Es Salaam Planning of Market Spaces Public Markets and Their Governance Local Shops and Street Stalls Food Vendors and Street Hawkers Mills and Abattoirs Food Sources Discussion and Conclusion Acknowledgments Notes References 21 Urban Agriculture Practice, Policy and Governance Introduction Urban Agriculture Challenges and Implications for Governance Key Challenges Facing Urban Agriculture Urban Agriculture Governance Tensions From Challenges to Supports for Urban Agriculture City Government Roles and Responsibilities Emerging Tools, Approaches, Promising Practices Promoting Multi-Stakeholder Engagement From Local to Global: Urban Agriculture Policy Linkages Conclusion References Part IV Scales and Agencies in Urban Food Governance 22 The Role of the Private Sector in Urban Food Governance Introduction Governing Urban Food Systems Differentiating Private-Sector Actors in Urban Food Governance Including the Private Sector in Governance Arrangements Analysing, Understanding and Mediating Power Towards a Human Rights Approach Inclusive Participatory Governance and Stretch Collaboration Conclusion References 23 Governing Urban Land for Community Food Cultivation Introduction: Supporting Food Land Uses as Normal and Desirable in Cities Governance Issues Involved in Providing Land for Urban Food Cultivation Arguments Supporting Relational Governance of Urban Food Land Arguments Against—or Limiting—urban Food Land Governance Relationships Community Food Land Access and Urban Food Governance in the Twin Cities Social Dynamics in the Governance of Urban Food Land Emergence, Challenges, and Current Directions of Urban Food Land Governance Governance Frameworks Helping Legitimize Urban Food Cultivation Conclusion: Valuing Urban Community Food Land Notes References 24 Why Small Towns Matter: Rural–Urban Linkages and Food Systems in the Global South Introduction What Do We Mean By Rural–urban Linkages? Some Basic Definitions Rural Transformation Small Urban Centres: a Diverse Category Small-town Urbanisation and Food Systems Territorial Approaches and the Governance of Small Towns: Implications for Food Systems Conclusions References 25 The City Region Food System: Broadening Space for Urban Governance Introduction CRFS and Governance Context and Insights The Global Context CRFS as a Place-Based Approach Broadening the Conversation: Multi-Spatial Multi-Functional Engagement The Case of Quito – CRFS Governance in Action: Context and Complementary Initiatives Discussion and Conclusion Acknowledgements References 26 International Agendas and Urban Food Systems Governance: Informing, Integrating and Operationalizing the SDGs Introduction: From Food Security to Food Systems Sustainable Cities and Early Stages of Urban Food System Governance Engagement of Local and Regional Governments in the Global Development Agenda Urban and Multi-Level Food Governance Reaches the International Stage Advancing Toward Multi-Level Food Governance: Challenges and Opportunities Notes References 27 The Role of Transnational City Food Networks in Supporting Urban Food Transformation Introduction Emergence of Transnational City Food Networks Milan Urban Food Policy Pact (2015): a Game Changer in the City Network Scene Food as a Novel Area for Existing Transnational Networks: ICLEI (2013), UCLG (2016) and C40 (2016) The Main Functions of Transnational City Food Networks To Build a Community for the Exchange of Knowledge and Good Practices Workshops and Meetings Awards and Monetary Prizes Develop Shared Technical Capacities Political Support to Cities’ Quest for Legitimacy On Food Three Levels of Legitimacy Publications and Members’ Meetings as Key Legitimization Instruments Unexpected Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic Attracting Financial Resources for Their Members Next Step: Towards a Global Advocacy Role? UN-Habitat and the New Urban Agenda (2015) Urban 20 and G20 (2020) UN Convention On Climate Change and COP26 (2020) UN Food Systems Summit (2021) Committee On World Food Security Conclusion Notes Acknowledgement References Part V Urban Food Governance Futures 28 Towards Governance for Open Urban Food Futures Introduction Uneven Terrains of Urban Food Governance Commoning Food Food Commoning and Cyber-Physical Systems Towards Open, Commons-Based Food Futures Repairing and Repurposing Closed Systems Building Capacity for Learning and (Therefore) Evolving Conclusions Notes References 29 Embedding Futures in Urban Food Governance: Participatory Foresight in Eindhoven and Kyoto Introduction Principles of Participatory Futures Engaging With the Future: Four Archetypical Approaches Creating Societal Impact: the Importance of Governance Contexts for Futures Analytical Approach Case 1: A Strategy for Urban Agriculture in Eindhoven Urban Food Context Organisation Approach to Urban Food Futuring and Methods Evaluation of Changes in Urban Food Systems and Governance Case 2: A Food Policy Council in Kyoto Urban Food Context Organisation Approach to Urban Food Futuring and Methods Evaluation of Changes in Urban Food Systems and Governance Insights for Societal Impact Through Urban Food Futuring Awareness of Approaches to Engage With the Future Going Through the Motions Vs. a Blank Slate Avoiding the Illusion of Inclusion Nurturing Futures Literacy Conclusion Notes References 30 More-Than-Human Computer Interaction for Urban Food Governance Introduction Blockchain and Food Governance Algorithmic Food Justice: A Case Study Workshop 1: Mapping the Future Farm Workshop 2: Now London Is a City Farm Workshop 3: Prototyping the Food Commons Discussion Designing for More-Than-Human Food Futures Designing for Care in the Eco-Smart City Designing for a Multispecies Commons Conclusion References 31 A Brief History of Speculative Design and Urban Food Governance Introduction Building an Archive of Speculative Visions of Urban Food Futures Visions of Cities Shaped By Food Productive Zoning Agrarian Urbanism Multispecies Entanglements Conclusions References 32 Towards Good Food Landscapes: The Intrinsic Links Between Continuous Productive Urban Landscapes and Food Governance Introduction The Role of Productive Urban Landscapes in Shaping Sustainable Urban Food Futures How Can (Continuous) Productive Urban Landscapes Be Supported By Urban Food Governance? Concepts, Definitions, Academic Context From an Urban Design Perspective, What Is Urban Food Governance? The Importance of a Good Relationship Between CPULs and Urban Food Governance Case Studies Embedding Food in Berlin’s Green Infrastructure Planning Embedding Food in Brighton & Hove’s Urban Planning Discussion, Contention, Conflict Negotiation: Urban Space as Territories for Food Infrastructure: Productive Urban Landscapes as Infrastructure for Food System Activities Governance: Food-Focused Activities and Spaces of Exchange, Encounter and Experience Conclusion References Index