Healthcare Systems: Challenges and Opportunities

Description

This book is centered around the development of agile, high-performing healthcare institutions that are well integrated into their environment. The aim is to take advantage of artificial intelligence, optimization and simulation methods to provide solutions to prevent, anticipate, monitor and follow public health developments in order to intervene at the right time, using tools and resources that are both appropriate and effective. The focus is on the people involved – the patients, as well as medical, technical and administrative staff – in an effort to provide an efficient healthcare and working environment that meets safety, quality and productivity requirements. Heathcare Systems has been written by healthcare professionals, researchers in science and technology as well as in the social sciences and humanities from various French-speaking countries. It explores the challenges and opportunities presented by digital technology in our practices, organizations and management techniques. Cover Half-Title Page Title Page Copyright Page Contents Foreword Preface PART 1: Optimization and Simulation of Healthcare Systems Summary of Contributions – Part 1 Towards a Prototype for the Strategic Recomputing of Schedules in Home Care Services Home Healthcare Scheduling Activities Optimal Sizing of an Automated Dispensing Cabinet under Adjacency Constraints Validation of an Automated and Targeted Pharmaceutical Analysis Tool at the CHU de Liège Simulation of Countermeasures in the Face of Covid-19 Using a Linear Compartmental Model 1. Towards a Prototype for the Strategic Recomputing of Schedules in Home Care Services 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Literature review 1.3. Description of the problem 1.3.1. Constraints 1.3.2. Objective function 1.4. Resolution method 1.4.1. Route generation 1.4.2. Route selection 1.5. Presentation of the prototype 1.6. Tests and results 1.7. Conclusion and perspectives 1.8. References 2. Home Healthcare Scheduling Activities 2.1. Introduction 2.2. State of the art 2.3. Description of the proposed approach 2.3.1. Home healthcare planning “offline phase” 2.3.2. Rescheduling in online mode 2.4. Experiments and results 2.5. Conclusions and perspectives 2.6. References 3. Optimal Sizing of an Automated Dispensing Cabinet Under Adjacency Constraints 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Problem statement 3.2.1. Description of the assignment problem 3.2.2. Notations and definitions 3.3. Mathematical formulation 3.3.1. Determination of boundary conditions 3.3.2. Problem solving approach 3.4. Application example 3.5. Conclusion 3.6. References 4. Validation of an Automated and Targeted Pharmaceutical Analysis Tool at the CHU de Liège 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Methods 4.3. Results 4.3.1. Creation of algorithms 4.3.2. IT tool development 4.3.3. Tool validation 4.4. Discussion and conclusion 4.5. References 5. Simulation of Countermeasures in the Face of Covid-19 Using a Linear Compartmental Model 5.1. Introduction 5.2. The compartmental model 5.2.1. Model assumptions 5.2.2. Model parameters 5.3. A linear SIR model 5.3.1. Data 5.3.2. Variables 5.3.3. Objective function 5.3.4. Constraints 5.4. Results 5.5. Conclusion 5.6. References PART 2: Digital and New Technologies for Health Services Summary of Contributions – Part 2 Towards a New Classification of Medical Procedures in Belgium Digital Toolkit for the Ergonomic Evaluation of Workstations Simulation on an RFID Interactive Tabletop with Tangible Objects of Future Working Conditions: Prospects for Implementation in the Hospital Sector Robotic Geriatric Assistant: A Pilot Assessment in a Real-World Hospital Perspectives on the Patient Experience (PX) of People with Disabilities in the Digital Age: From UX to PX 6. Towards a New Classification of Medical Procedures in Belgium 6.1. Introduction 6.1.1. An essential but obsolete medical healthcare nomenclature 6.1.2. Decision to initiate a structural reform of the Belgian healthcare nomenclature 6.1.3. The NPS V0 nomenclature in a few figures 6.1.4. Purpose of the presentation 6.2. Methodology 6.2.1. Term analysis and standardization (NPS ATMC V1-1) 6.2.2. Medical pre-validation (NPS ATMC V1-2) 6.2.3. Matching the WHO International Classification of Health Interventions (NPS ATMC V1-3) 6.2.4. Provisional classification of new terms (NPS ATMC V1-3') 6.2.5. INAMI administrative work 6.2.6. Validation of proposals by expert groups (NPS ATMC V1-4) 6.3. Results 6.3.1. Planning 6.3.2. A summary of the modifications between NPS V0 and NSS V1-3 6.3.3. Validation of proposals by experts (NPS ATMC V1-5) 6.4. Discussion 6.4.1. From the standardization of medical procedures to a common descriptive classification 6.4.2. Evaluate the quality for the standardization of medical procedures 6.4.3. An estimate of the resources mobilized to arrive at a common descriptive classification 6.4.4. Participation of medical experts 6.4.5. The implementation of common descriptive classification (CC ATMC V1) 6.5. Conclusion 6.6. References 7. Digital Toolkit for the Ergonomic Evaluation of Workstations 7.1. Introduction 7.2. ProcSim and ergonomics 7.2.1. Origin 7.2.2. Our product 7.2.3. Examples of applications in different sectors 7.2.4. Benefits and value addition 7.3. Ergonomic assessment process 7.3.1. Data collection 7.3.2. Data analysis 7.3.3. Workstation modeling 7.3.4. Virtual reality testing of possible activities 7.3.5. Improvement proposals and recommendations 7.4. Conclusion 7.5. References 8. Simulation on an RFID Interactive Tabletop with Tangible Objects of Future Working Conditions: Prospects for Implementation in the Hospital Sector 8.1. Introduction 8.2. State-of-the-art on the simulation of future working conditions 8.3. Proposal for a simulator on an interactive tabletop 8.4. Development of a first version of a simulator on an interactive tabletop 8.5. Application opportunities in the healthcare industry 8.6. Conclusion and perspectives in the healthcare industry 8.7. Acknowledgments 8.8. References 9. Robotic Geriatric Assistant: A Pilot Assessment in a Real-world Hospital 9.1. Introduction 9.2. Geriatric assessment: from needs to the proposed solution 9.2.1. Data management and the proposed robotic solution 9.2.2. The Clara robotic geriatric assistant – research 9.2.3. Hypotheses and research objectives 9.3. Methodological approach: living lab approach 9.3.1. Empowerment in and through interaction 9.3.2. Contribution: new analytical framework 9.3.3. Mixed methodological approach 9.4. Pilot assessment 9.4.1. Procedure and test protocol 9.4.2. Results 9.5. Conclusion 9.6. Acknowledgments 9.7. References 10. Perspectives on the Patient Experience (PX) of People with Disabilities in the Digital Age: From UX to PX 10.1. Introduction 10.2. State-of-the-art on Patient eXperience (PX) 10.3. Research methodology and proposal 10.4. Illustrations relating to the “user research” phase of the methodological framework 10.5. Case study: digital care journey of a patient with a disability 10.6. Conclusion 10.7. References PART 3: Change Management and Organizational Innovations Summary of Contributions – Part 3 Jointly Improving the Experience of All Stakeholders in Hospital 4.0: The ICSSURP Initiative Tool-based Approach to Analyze Operating Room Schedule Execution: Application to Online Managemen Planning Patient Journeys in Outpatient Hospitals to Support the Ambulatory Shift Treatment Protocols Generated by Machine Learning: Putting a Case Study of Hospitalization at Home into Perspective Resilience of Healthcare Teams: Case Study of Two Cardiology Intensive Care Units 11. Jointly Improving the Experience of All Stakeholders in Hospital 4.0: The ICSSURP Initiative 11.1. Introduction 11.2. Digital transformation to Hospital 4.0 11.3. Essential qualities of information systems of Hospital 4.0 11.3.1. Security in information systems of Hospital 4.0 11.3.2. Usability of information systems of Hospital 4.0 11.3.3. Resilience of information systems of Hospital 4.0 11.3.4. Performance of information systems of Hospital 4.0 11.4. Towards a joint security, safety, usability, resilience and performance engineering initiative (ICSSURP) 11.4.1. Advanced conceptual model of ICSSURP 11.4.2. System of homogeneous metrics 11.4.3. Summary of the ICSSURP initiative 11.5. Conclusion and perspectives 11.6. References 12. A Tool-based Approach to Analyze Operating Room Schedule Execution: Application to Online Management 12.1. Introduction 12.2. Methodology used to generate our approach 12.2.1. Preliminary phase: from observation to the approach outline 12.2.2. Phase 1: design 12.2.3. Phase 2: build 12.2.4. Phase 3: test 12.3. Current version of the proposed tool-based approach 12.3.1. Presentation of the first tool: the dashboard conceptual model 12.3.2. Presentation of the second tool: the Logbook 12.3.3. Description of the current version of the approach 12.4. Applied example of our tool-based approach at the Centre Hospitalier de Narbonne 12.4.1. Step 1 – collect and process the data 12.4.2. Step 2 – evaluate the feasibility and optimality of the initial schedule 12.4.3. Steps 3 and 4 – study the indicators and their deviations for the operating suite and the operating rooms 12.4.4. Step 5 – study the indicators and their deviations at the level of the interventions 12.4.5. Step 6 – determine root causes, impact on the performed schedule and responsibility for deviations 12.4.6. Step 7 – evaluate the quality of the actions implemented 12.4.7. Summation 12.5. Conclusion and perspectives 12.6. References 13. Planning Patient Journeys in Outpatient Hospitals to Support the Ambulatory Shift 13.1. Introduction 13.2. Background and state-of-the-art methods 13.2.1. Planning patient journeys at the hospital 13.2.2. 4.0 transforming the operational management of hospital flows 13.2.3. Research problem 13.3. State-of-the-art and field of application 13.3.1. Field of application: patient flows in outpatient hospitals 13.3.2. Little tactical planning for the state of the art 13.3.3. Choosing a planning and workflow management method 13.4. Contribution 13.4.1. Macro-planning for groups of pathways: an S&Op for ambulatory medicine 13.4.2. Feedback 13.5. Discussion and perspectives 13.5.1. Repeatability and accessibility of the macro-planning approach 13.5.2. Beyond the macro-planning for groups of pathways: towards integrated planning 13.6. Conclusion 13.7. References 14. Treatment Protocols Generated by Machine Learning: Putting a Case Study of Hospitalization at Home into Perspective 14.1. Introduction 14.2. Context and perspective 14.2.1. France’s healthcare restructuring and the impact for HaH 14.2.2. Hospitalization at home and target patients 14.2.3. The positioning of hospitalization at home versus traditional medicine 14.2.4. The problems facing hospitalization at home 14.3. The contribution of protocolization 14.3.1. A quality tool for the patient and the healthcare provider 14.3.2. The interface protocol between healthcare facilities 14.3.3. Protocol facing its limitations 14.4. Study and proposed methodology 14.4.1. Case study of the cost drivers of a hospitalization at home 14.4.2. Patient trajectory forecasting and protocol generation 14.5. Conclusion 14.6. References 15. Resilience of Healthcare Teams: Case Study of Two Cardiology Intensive Care Units 15.1. Introduction 15.2. Theoretical framework 15.2.1. Defining the concept of resilience within the framework of the study 15.2.2. Nature of events and situations studied 15.2.3. The conceptual framework of the study 15.3. Research methodology 15.3.1. The narrative of the event 15.3.2. The data collection 15.4. Research results 15.4.1. Identification of stressors 15.4.2. The resilience process Phase 1: Detection Phase 2: Adaptation process Phase 3: Results of the collective action 15.5. Discussion 15.6. Conclusion 15.7. References Conclusion and Perspectives Glossary List of Authors Index Other titles from iSTE in Health Engineering and Society