Beginning FORTH

Description

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION TO FORTH PROGRAMMING 1-1. Some Basic Ideas of Computer Operation... .. . 1 1-2. Programming Languages ................... 2 1-3. A Comparison of FORTH and Other Program.ming Languages ........ . ....... .. . 3 1-4. Getting Started-the Stack-Postfix Notation ... 6 . 1-5. Running FORTH Programs ................. 10 1-6. Programming Errors-Debugging. . . . . . ... ... 13 CHAPTER TWO: BASIC FORTH OPERATIONS 2-1. Arithmetic Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 2-2. Stack Manipulation . .. . .. .. ... .. ... . . .. .. .27 2-3. Writing FORTH Words ............... ... ... 35 2-4. More on FORTH Words ..... .. ... . ..... . ... 40 2-5. Some Additional Stack Manipulation Words ... 45 2-6. The Return Stack ........... .. . . ......... 48 2-7. Some Additional Arithmetic Words . . . . . . . . . . 53 CHAPTER THREE: BASIC INPUT AND OUTPUT 3-1. Printing of Tuxt ....................... . .. 63 3-2. The ASCII Code ................... . . . .... 68 3-3. Formatted Numbers ........ .. ............ 70 CHAPTER FOUR: CONTROL STATEMENTS- BASIC IDEAS OF STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING 4-1. Logical Conditions .... ........ ............ 81 4-2. Conditional Branching.................... 86 4-3. Unconditional Looping .................. . .92 4-4. Conditional Looping .. .. ..... . ........... 100 4-5. Some Additional Comparison Words ........ 104 4-6. Branchlng Through the Use of Case Words ... 106 4-7. Structured Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 CHAPTER FIVE: A GENERAL DISCUSSION OF NUMBERS 5-1. Double-Length Integers ........... .. ...... 113 5-2. Scaling of Numbers .... .................. 120 5-3. Mixed-Length Calculations . ... . ......... . .124 5-4. Unsigned Numbers . .......... . .......... 126 5-5. Individual Bit Operations ................. 129 5-6. Floating Point Arithmetic ................. 131 5-7. Double-Precision and Complex Numbers ..... 138 CHAPTER SIX: CONSTANTS, VARIABLES, AND ARRAYS 6-1. Constants .... . ......................... 146 6-2. Variables . ...... . . ... ......... .. .... .... 148 6-3. Arrays ..... .... ................... ..... 153 6-4. Two-Dimensional Arrays . . .. . ...... . . . ... . 161 CHAPTER SEVEN: CHARACTERS AND STRINGS 7-1. Characters-One-Byte Manipulations ........ 169 7-2. Additional Words Used for Character Input .. 176 7-3. String Manipulation ...................... 181 CHAPTER EIGHT: DISK OPERATIONS 8-1. Basic Ideas of Disk Storage...... ..... ..... 193 8-2. Storage of Data on Disks ................. 200 CHAPTER NINE: SOME ADDITIONAL FORTH OPERATIONS 9-1. Compiler Control. ........... . . .. . ....... 207 9-2. Vocabularies and the Dictionary........... 211 9-3. Some Additional FORTH Words . ........... 213 GLOSSARY of FORTH WORDS . .. . ............... 219 INDEX ................. . .. . ....... . .. . . . .... . . 235