Ocean Literacy: Understanding the Ocean

Description

This book provides an original review of Ocean Literacy as a component of public policy in Europe and beyond. The impact of the ocean on human activities is one of the most significant environmental issues facing humanity. By offering valuable insights into the interrelationships between geography, environment, marine science and education, the book explores key issues relating to the future of our planet and the way people respond to them. This volume discusses concepts concerning citizenship education and co-creation and the role of public policy and different international initiatives in raising awareness and mitigating the effects of over-use and misuse of valuable resources. A range of innovative projects are presented and evaluated from the local to national and global levels.This book advances knowledge and provides a picture of these advances, presents the issues and challenges, including the important role that geography education and geographical awareness could play in advancing the case for Ocean Literacy.This crossdisciplinary book appeals to students and scientists as well as professionals and practitioners in geography, environmental and marine sciences, international policy and many related fields. Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Contents About the Editors Abbreviations General on Ocean Literacy Ocean Literacy: Background, Future Drivers, and Opportunities The Ocean as the Planet’s Life Support System A Need to Understand A Need to Observe A Need to Protect A Need to Explain and Involve References Ocean Literacy: From a Ripple to a Wave Introduction A Brief History of Ocean Literacy Ocean Literacy Definition and the Essential Principles Significant Developments in Ocean Literacy Ocean Literacy and Related Disciplines Science Geography UNESCO’s Education for Sustainable Development Challenges Challenges of Communication Cultural Relevance and Responsiveness Around a Global Ocean Challenges in Evaluation and Education Research Inherent Differences in Formal and Informal/Nonformal Education Lack of Consistent and Sufficient Funding Limitations Opportunities Holistic View of Ocean Literacy Unifying the Global Ocean Literacy Network Conclusions and Recommendations References A Framework for the Assessment of the Effectiveness of Ocean Literacy Initiatives Introduction Defining Ocean Literacy Understanding the Importance of Systems Why Measure Ocean Literacy? The ResponSEAble Project Our Methodology for the Application of the Behaviour Change Model Adapting the ELL to Include Predictors of Behaviour Assessment of Effectiveness Within Stages of the PRECEDE–PROCEED Model The ResponSEAble Assessment Framework Description of Software System Applying Existing Assessment Methods to the Framework for ResponSEAble Initial Experiences—Case Study: Developing Assessment of Effectiveness of Education for Professionals’ Courses, ‘sustainable Seafaring’ Initial Results of Pilot Study Opportunities and Limitations Identified in the Pilot Study Conclusions References Exploring and Exploiting Deep Ocean Space Introduction Exploration The Ocean in 2D Jules Verne, a Great Storyteller The Ocean in 3D and 4D Transition to Global Monitoring Century of Ocean Exploration Exploitation Legal Framework Fisheries Bioprospecting Deep-Sea Mining Knowing the Future References Ocean Literacy—In the Context of Naming of Seas: Case Study: The Sea Between Korea and Japan Introduction Sea Names and Ocean Literacy The Naming of Seas and Conflicts Organization of This Book Chapter The Name “East Sea” Origins of the Naming Dispute Raising the Naming Dispute to International Organizations The Decision of the Korean Agencies Regarding the International Name The Name “Donghae” (East Sea)—A Tradition of 2000 Years The Name “Sea of Japan” Old Western Maps Determination of the Name “Sea of Japan” by the IHO The Name “Sea of Japan”—An Expression of Japanese Imperialism? Korea’s Proposal: Double Naming Before an Arrangement with Japan Conclusion References Education Design-Based Implementation Research for Exploring the Ocean: A Geographical Perspective Introduction Curriculum Framework for Ocean Literacy A Curricular Review Ocean as a Trans-Disciplinary Curricular Content Geographical Concepts and Geoabilities Linked to Ocean Literacy Educational Proposal from Design-Based Implementation Research Methodological Approach and Resources Education Initiatives for Ocean Literacy Conclusion References Innovative Education Strategies to Advance Ocean Literacy Introduction Innovative Approaches to Science Outreach and Education Sea Change Case Study Gaming Design Initiative Educational e-Book Design Initiative Conclusion References Sail Training Has Set Sail on a Course Towards Ocean Literacy Introduction: Blue Outdoor Education—Sail Training’s Relationship with Ocean Literacy Sail Training as an Alternative Education Space: Learning Through Experience at Sea Creating Ocean Literate Citizens Through Experiencing the Marine Environment Linking Sail Training to Ocean Literacy Framework An Analysis of Ocean Literacy Activities in the Tall Ships America Fleet Number of Vessels in the Tall Ships America Fleet Audited Number of Vessels Audited that Provide Ocean Literacy Principles Education Number of Vessels Facilitating Ocean Literacy Principles Education Per School Grade/Age Group Shaping Maritime Alternative Education to Be Ocean Literate Through Supporting Sustainability An Overview of the UN Sustainable Development Goals Understanding the Purpose of the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development Linking Sail Training to SDG 14 Conclusion References Applications The Importance of Ocean Literacy in the Mediterranean Region—Steps Towards Blue Sustainability Introduction Anthropogenic Pressures Affecting the Mediterranean Sea and Its Resources Coastal Urbanization Tourism in the Mediterranean Overfishing and Marine Aquaculture Pollution Climate Change and Ocean Acidification Biodiversity Loss: A Major Consequence of Pressures Pressures and Ocean Literacy Legal Framework for the Protection and Sustainability of the Mediterranean Sea Integrated Coastal Zone Management Marine Protected Areas Environmental Education How Ocean Literate Are the People of Mediterranean Countries? Ocean Literacy in the National School Curricula of Mediterranean Countries Ocean-Related Educational Projects and Networks in the Mediterranean Conclusion References Fostering Ocean-Literate Generations: The Portuguese Blue School Introduction Sailing Through the History of Ocean Literacy in Portugal Blue School First Seeds What Is a Blue School? How to Become a Blue School Blue School Data and Results Discussion Conclusions References Two Ocean Aquarium Academy: An Introduction to Ocean Literacy Programmes and a Marine Sciences Curriculum Introduction Background to the Two Oceans Aquarium Education Efforts Aquarium Teacher Experience Increased Quality of School Group Visitor Experience Wet Laboratories School Group Activities Courses Course Assessment The Marine Sciences Academy Courses Marine Sciences Curriculum Objectives for Teaching Marine Sciences as a Subject Conclusion References Index