Lasers in Dermatology: Parameters and Choice: With Special Reference to the Asian Population

Description

In the book of 'Lasers in Dermatology: Parameters and Choice,' specific laser parameters are described around each laser instrument for these novices. However, since it is impossible to treat effective and safe laser simply by memorizing parameters, it is described based on the important principles that is essential for parameter control. This book describes a total of 13 lasers and energy-based devices : Q-switched ruby laser, Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, picosecond alexandrite laser, long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser, pulsed-dye laser, intense pulsed light (IPL), long-pulsed alexandrite laser, Er:YAG laser, CO2 fractional laser, fractional microneedle radiofrequency (RF), light-emitting diode (LED), skin equipment, and 1,450nm diode laser. And for novices, it explains the simple principles of lasers and the concepts you need to know when you start skin care and laser. It also explains the treatment of scars and melasma, which are the diseases that novices are most interested in. Finally, it describes post-inflammatory (PIH) and side effects and complications that novices are embarrassed about in diagnosis and treatment. Preface Contents About the Authors Part I: Principles of Laser 1: Six Parameters of Lasers in Dermatology 1.1 Light and Matter 1.2 Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) 1.3 Lasing Media 1.4 Energy Parameters 1.5 Skin Optics 1.6 Scattering and Spot Size 1.7 Chromophore and Absorption Coefficient 1.8 Laser-Tissue Interactions 1.9 Selective Photothermolysis 1.10 Thermal Relaxation Time (TRT) 1.11 Pulse Duration (PD) Vs TRT 1.12 Clinical End Point 1.13 Meanings of Parameters 1.14 Strategy 1.15 Conclusions References Part II: Choice of Laser and Medical Skin Care 2: Choice of Laser 2.1 Aesthetic Procedure Selection 2.2 Order of Laser Purchase 2.3 Order of Parameter Selection (Optical Thermal Model) 2.4 Misconceptions about Peak Power 2.5 Fluence Instability 2.6 Effect Versus Safety? 2.7 Therapeutic Window and Epidermal Bypass Effect 2.8 Selection of Pigment Lasers for Koreans 2.9 Strong and Weak Treatment of Lentigines 2.10 Skin Types 2.11 Treatment by Baumann Skin Type References 3: Medical Skin Care 3.1 Medical Skin Care 3.2 Homecare 3.3 Laser Treatment Response of Pigmented Lesions and Patients that Should Not Be Overlooked 3.4 One-Time Treatment Vs Package Treatment 3.5 Package Therapy and Combination Therapy 3.6 My Procedure Sequence References Part III: Lasers and Parameters 4: Q-Switched Ruby Laser, Absorption Coefficient, and Spot Size Effect 4.1 Introduction of Q-Switched Ruby Laser 4.2 Three-Level and Four-Level Lasers 4.3 Indications 4.4 Absorption Coefficient 4.5 Defocusing Method 4.6 Spot Size Effect 4.7 Determination of Spot Size 4.8 Parameters References 5: Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser and Subcellular Selective Photothermolysis 5.1 Overview of Q-Switched Nd:YAG Lasers 5.2 Indications 5.3 Subcellular Selective Photothermolysis 5.4 Golden Parameter of Laser Toning 5.5 One Shot Toning 5.6 Repeat Pulse Method 5.7 Focusing Method 5.8 Parameters References 6: Picosecond Alexandrite Laser and Stress Relaxation Time 6.1 Overview of Picosecond Alexandrite Lasers 6.2 Indications 6.3 Plasma-Induced Ablation, Photodisruption, and Photoacoustic Effect 6.4 Stress Relaxation Time 6.5 Parameters References 7: Long-Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser and Arrhenius Equation 7.1 Overview of Long-Pulsed Nd:YAG Lasers 7.2 Indications 7.3 Arrhenius Equation 7.4 Drawbacks of Nonablative Lasers 7.5 Fibroblasts in Papillary and Reticular Dermis 7.6 Parameters References 8: Pulsed Dye Laser (PDL) and Macropulse 8.1 Overview of PDLs 8.2 Indications 8.3 Macropulse 8.4 Arrhenius Equation in Vascular Therapy 8.5 Repair and Re-Emergence of Blood Vessels 8.6 Purpura Threshold and Number of Subpulses 8.7 Parameters References 9: Intense Pulse Light (IPL) and Extended Theory of Selective Photothermolysis 9.1 Overview of IPLs 9.2 Raw Spectrum and Indications 9.3 Optical Filter 9.4 Extended Theory of Selective Photothermolysis 9.5 Meaning of Multipulse 9.6 Parameters References 10: Long-Pulsed Alexandrite Laser and Thermal Kinetic Selectivity 10.1 Overview of Long-Pulsed Alexandrite Lasers 10.2 Indications 10.3 Laser Selection for Epidermal Pigment Treatment 10.4 Thermal Kinetic Selectivity (TKS) 10.5 Relation Between Fluence and Pulse Duration 10.6 Permanent Hair Removal or Reduction 10.7 Parameters References 11: Er:YAG Laser and Residual Thermal Damage (RTD) 11.1 Overview of Er:YAG Lasers 11.2 Indications 11.3 Mechanism of Ablative Rejuvenation 11.4 Water Vaporization Threshold 11.5 Residual Thermal Damage (RTD) 11.6 Thermal Relaxation Time (TRT) in Ablative Laser 11.7 Er:YAG Laser 11.8 Pros and Cons of Er:YAG Laser 11.9 Depth of Ablation and RTD 11.10 Calculation of Depth of Ablation and RTD in Er:YAG Laser 11.11 Spot Size in Ablative Laser 11.12 Parameters References 12: CO2 Fractional Laser and Fractional Photothermolysis 12.1 Overview of CO2 Fractional Lasers 12.2 Indications 12.3 Laser Resurfacing 12.4 Comparison of Rejuvenation Methods 12.5 Fractional Photothermolysis and Melanin Shuttle 12.6 Relationship Between Treatment Density and Side Effects 12.7 Parameters of Fractional Lasers 12.8 FAST Method 12.9 Parameters References Part IV: Energy-based Devices and Parameters 13: Fractional Microneedle Radiofrequency and Conductivity 13.1 Overview of Needle RFs 13.2 Indications 13.3 Series Circuit and Parallel Circuit 13.4 Conductivity 13.5 Meaning of Parameters in Needle RF 13.6 Parameters References 14: Light-Emitting Diode (LED) and Arndt–Schultz Curve 14.1 Overview of LEDs 14.2 Karu’s Photo-Biomodulation Band 14.3 Indications 14.4 Arndt–Schultz Curve 14.5 Mechanism of Low-Level Light Therapy (LLLT) by LED 14.6 Consensus on LED Effect 14.7 Personal Comments on Photomodulation 14.8 Parameters References 15: Skin Care Equipment and Calcium Gradient 15.1 Overview of Skin Care Equipment 15.2 Functions of Skin and Keratinocyte 15.3 Calcium Gradient 15.4 Iontophoresis 15.5 Vitamin C 15.6 Sonophoresis 15.7 Treatment Method References Part V: Treatment of Acne, Scar and Melasma 16: 1450 nm Diode Laser and Consensus of Acne Treatment 16.1 Overview and Indications of 1450 nm Diode Lasers 16.2 Selective Photothermolysis to Target Sebaceous Glands 16.3 Pulse Duration of 1450 nm Diode Lasers 16.4 New Parameters 16.5 Mechanism of Acne Treatment Using 1450 nm Diode Lasers 16.6 Consensus on Acne Treatment 16.7 Parameters References 17: Atrophic Acne Scar and Histology 17.1 Subtypes of Atrophic Acne Scars 17.2 Histology of Atrophic Acne Scars 17.3 Treatment of Atrophic Acne Scars 17.4 CO2 Pinhole Method 17.5 Combination Therapy 17.6 Order of Combination Therapies 17.7 Conclusion References 18: Melasma and Melanogenesis 18.1 Diagnosis of Melasma 18.2 Issues of Melasma 18.3 Activated Melanocyte 18.4 Melanogenesis 18.5 Signaling Pathway 18.6 Depigmenting Agents and Melanogenesis 18.7 Effects of Laser Toning 18.8 Effective Therapy 18.9 Advices on Melasma Treatment References Part VI: Side Effects and Complications of Lasers 19: Pathogenesis and Treatment of Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH) 19.1 Overview of PIH 19.2 Epidemiology and Possible Etiology of PIH 19.3 Predicting PIH Occurrence 19.4 Prognostic Factors of PIH and Chromatic Tendency 19.5 Prognosis of PIH 19.6 Pathogenesis of PIH 19.7 Treatment of Post-Laser PIH 19.8 Conclusion References 20: Complications and Management of Laser Therapy 20.1 Side Effects and Complications 20.2 Side Effects 20.2.1 Erythema 20.3 Important Complications 20.3.1 Acneiform Eruption 20.3.2 Hypopigmentation 20.3.3 Crusting and Vesiculation (Blistering) 20.3.4 Paradoxical Darkening 20.3.5 Paradoxical Hypertrichosis 20.3.6 Prolonged Post-Laser Resurfacing Erythema 20.3.7 Textural Imperfection 20.3.8 Scarring 20.3.9 Infection 20.3.10 Ocular Damage References