Hydrology and Hydrologic Modelling: Proceedings of 26th International Conference on Hydraulics, Water Resources and Coastal Engineering (HYDRO 2021)

Description

This book comprises the proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Hydraulics, Water Resources and Coastal Engineering (HYDRO 2021) focusing on broad spectrum of emerging opportunities and challenges in the field of hydrology and hydrological modelling. It covers a range of topics, including, but not limited to, ground water modelling and management, integrated water resources and watershed management, surface water hydrology, drought assessment and mitigation, risk, reliability and design of hydrologic system, etc. Presenting recent advances in the form of illustrations, tables, and text, it offers readers insights for their own research. In addition, the book addresses fundamental concepts and studies in the field of hydrology and hydrological modelling, making it a valuable resource for both beginners and researchers wanting to further their understanding of hydraulics, water resources and coastal engineering. Preface Acknowledgements Contents About the Editors Comparison of Different Climate Models Projections for Watershed Using Soil and Water Assessment Tool: A Case Study of Middle Tapi Sub-basin 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Source 2.1 Tapi River Basin 2.2 Data Used 3 Methodology 3.1 Hydrological Modelling Using SWAT 3.2 Simulation from SWAT 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Comparison of Climate Model with Base Model 4.2 Prediction of Hydrological Components for Future RCP Scenarios 5 Limitations of the Study 6 Conclusions References Model Performance Evaluation using Streamflow and Potential Evapotranspiration over Middle Tapi Basin, India 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Sources 2.1 Middle Tapi Basin 2.2 Data Sources 3 SWAT Model 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Integrated Modeling of the Lower Tapi Basin Using SWAT 1 Introduction 2 Description of Model 3 Study Area 4 Methodology and Data Collection 4.1 Methodology 4.2 Data Collection 5 Uncertainty Analysis and Calibration 6 Calibration of a SWAT Model 6.1 SWAT Model Predictions Evaluation and Performance 6.2 Analysis of Results 7 Results and Discussion 8 Conclusions References Effect of Drainage Area Threshold on Stream Flow Modelling Using Arcswat 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Source 2.1 Burhanpur Sub-catchment 2.2 Data Used 3 Preparation of Input Data 3.1 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) 3.2 Land-Use Land-Cover Map 3.3 Soil Map 3.4 Climate Input Data 3.5 ArcSWAT Model Development 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Comparison of ArcSWAT Streamflow Output Pre-calibration 4.2 Calibration of SWAT Models 4.3 Water Balance Analysis 4.4 Selection of Optimal Value of Drainage Area Threshold (km2) 5 Conclusions References Hydrologic Impact Evaluation of Land Use and Land Cover Change in Subbasins of Tapi River Using SWAT Model 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Source 2.1 Sub Basins of Middle Tapi River Basin 3 Data Collection 3.1 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) 3.2 Land Cover/Land Use (LULC) 3.3 Soil Data 3.4 Weather Data 3.5 Streamflow Data 4 Materials and Methods 4.1 SWAT Model 4.2 Selection of Input Parameters 5 Results and Discussions 5.1 Calibration and Validation 5.2 Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) Change 6 Conclusions References Temporal Variation of Percolation and Evapotranspiration Components in the Water Cycle for the Ropar District, Punjab, India, Using SWAT 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Study Area and Data Source 2.2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Calibration and Validation 4 Conclusions References The Role of Objective Functions in Assessment of Water Balance Components Using SUFI-2 Algorithm in Semi-arid Basin 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Study Area 2.2 SWAT Input Data 2.3 Model Setup 2.4 Parameterization 2.5 Objective Functions 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Model Calibration and Validation 3.2 Calibration and Validation 3.3 Statistical Performance of Model 3.4 Water Balance Estimation 3.5 Best-Fitted Parameters 4 Conclusions References Assessment of Future Land Use Land Cover Change Impacts on Hydrologic Regime of a River Basin 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Source 2.1 Periyar River Basin (PRB) 2.2 Data Collection 3 Methodology 3.1 SWAT Model 3.2 Classification and Future LULC Projection 3.3 Calibration and Validation of the SWAT Model 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 LULC Change from 1988 and 2050 4.2 Calibration and Validation of the SWAT Model 4.3 Impacts of Historical and Projected LULC Change 5 Conclusions References Impact Assessment of Climate Change on Hydrological Parameters: Evaluation of Water Balance Components of a River Basin 1 Introduction 2 Data Used and Methodology 2.1 Methodology 2.2 Selection of Input Parameters 2.3 SWAT Hydrological Model Overview 2.4 Thematic Maps 2.5 Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) 2.6 Soil Map 2.7 Digital Elevation Model Map 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Watershed MNJR012 3.2 Watershed MNJR013 3.3 Validation 4 Conclusions References Anthropogenic Influence on Streamflow in the Mahi Bajaj Sagar Basin, India 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Source 2.1 Mahi Bajaj Sagar Basin 2.2 Data Collection 3 Method 3.1 Quantifying Impacts on Streamflow 3.2 SWAT Model Setup 3.3 Mann-Kendall’s Test 3.4 Sen’s Slope Test 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Precipitation and Temperature Trend Analysis at the Mahi Bajaj Sagar Basin 4.2 Streamflow Trend Analysis at the Mahi Bajaj Sagar Basin 4.3 Performance of SWAT Model 4.4 Streamflow Reconstruction for Impact Period 4.5 Quantification of Impacts on Streamflow at Mahi Bajaj Sagar Basin 4.6 Discussion and Conclusion References Estimation of River Discharge in Mandovi Basin, Goa 1 Introduction 2 Study Area 3 Methodology 3.1 Description of SWAT Model 3.2 Data Collection 3.3 Evaluation of Model Performance 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Reservoir Sedimentation Analysis Using SWAT Model 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Method 2.1 Description of Study Area 2.2 SWAT Model 2.3 Data Used 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Model Performance 3.2 Model Calibration 3.3 Model Validation 3.4 Sediment Yield 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Assessing the Performance of SWOT Simulator in Estimating River Discharge of a Tropical Basin 1 Introduction 2 Study Area, Material, and Method 2.1 Study Area 2.2 In Situ Data Requirement 2.3 Surface Water Extend from Satellite 2.4 CNES SWOT Hydrology Simulator 2.5 SWOT RiverObs Simulator 2.6 Empirical Equation 3 Performance Evaluation 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Intercomparison of the Performance of CHIRPS Satellite Rainfall Data and Gauge Gridded IMD Data for Hydrological Modelling 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Method 2.1 Study Area and Data Source 2.2 MIKE NAM Model 2.3 Selection of Input Parameters 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References PMF Estimation for Extreme Events from PMP Atlas, a GIS, and Hydrologic Model-Based Case Study in Tehri Catchment 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Methodology 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References A Review: Contribution of HEC-HMS Model 1 Introduction 2 Overview of Reviewed Papers 3 Application of HEC-HMS Model 3.1 Application for Streamflow Simulation 3.2 Application for Flood Modelling 4 Limitations 5 Conclusions References Simulation of Reservoir Inflow Using HEC-HMS 1 Introduction 2 Study Area 2.1 Data Used 2.2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Calibration 3.2 Validation 4 Conclusions References Effect of Changes in Land Use/Land Cover on Runoff from Watershed Using CN Approach 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Study Area and Data Source 3.1 Muktha River Sub-watershed 3.2 Data Collection 3.3 Antecedent Moisture Condition 3.4 Area Weighted CN 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusions References Examining Curve Number-Based Modified Models for Runoff Estimation 1 Introduction 1.1 M1 Model 1.2 M2 Model 1.3 M3 Model 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Watersheds and Data 2.2 Performance Evaluation 2.3 Parameter Estimation 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Development of Short-Term Reservoir Level Forecasting Models: A Case Study of Ajwa-Pratappura Reservoir System of Vishwamitri River Basin of Central Gujarat 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Estimation of Runoff Using SCS-CN Method 3 Study Area and Data Source 3.1 Ajwa Dam 3.2 Data Used 3.3 Rainfall and Reservoir Water Level Data 3.4 Model Development 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 2019 Storm 5 Conclusions References Performance Assessment of Modest Event-Based Rainfall-Runoff Model 1 Introduction 1.1 NRCS-CN Model 1.2 Proposed Model 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Data Selection 2.3 Parameter Estimation 2.4 Performance Evaluation 2.5 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Performance Evaluation of Lumped Conceptual Rainfall-Runoff Genie Rural (GR) Hydrological Models for Streamflow Simulation 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Source 2.1 Bharathapuzha River Sub-Basin 2.2 Data Used 3 Materials and Methods 3.1 Rainfall-Runoff Models 3.2 GR4J Model 3.3 GR5J Model 3.4 GR6J Model 3.5 Calibration and Validation Procedure 3.6 Assessment of Model Performance 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Spatio-Temporal Variability Analysis of Snow Cover in Sutlej Basin Using MODIS Snow Cover Data 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Source 2.1 Sutlej River Basin 3 Data Used 3.1 Satellite Snow Cover Product 3.2 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) 4 Methodology 4.1 Terra and Aqua Combination for Minimizing Cloud Pixels 4.2 Generation of Binary Snow Cover Map 4.3 Elevation, Slope and Aspect Zonation 4.4 Mann–Kendall Test 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Intra-Annual Variations of Snow Cover Area 5.2 Monthly Variations of Snow Cover Area 5.3 Inter-Annual Variations of Snow Cover Area 5.4 Seasonal Variations of Snow Cover Area 5.5 Elevation Variations of Snow Cover Area 5.6 Slope Variations of Snow Cover Area 5.7 Aspect Variations of Snow Cover Area 6 Conclusions References River and Inlets Cross-Sections Extraction Using Stereo Pair Images for Hydraulic Modeling 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Study Area and Data Source 2.2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 DEM Generation 3.2 Cross-Section Extraction 3.3 Cross-Section Comparison 4 Conclusion References Flood Routing Using Numerical Methods: A Review 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Wave Models 2.2 Numerical Models 2.3 Muskingum Method Hybridised with Improved Bat Algorithm 2.4 Two-Dimensional Flood Routing by McCormack Scheme 2.5 Flood Routing Using Artificial Intelligence 3 Research Gaps 4 Conclusions References Application of the HEC-RAS Model for the Floodplain Delineation in a Flat Semi-Arid River Basin 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Collection 2.1 Rel River Basin 2.2 Data Collection 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusions References Assessment of Drought Using Drought Indices and Analysing the Relationship Between Groundwater Levels and Drought Indices: A Case Study of Ahmedabad District 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Source 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Data Collection 3 Methodology 3.1 Procedure 4 Results and Analysis 4.1 Drought Assessment 4.2 Analysing Relationship of Drought Indices and GW Levels 5 Conclusions References Meteorological Drought Analysis of Sabarmati Basin, India 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Source 2.1 Sabarmati River Basin 2.2 Köppen–Geiger Climate Classification 2.3 Data Source 3 Methodology 3.1 DrinC 3.2 Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Temporal Analysis of Drought 4.2 Spatial Analysis of Drought 5 Conclusions References Drought Analysis for the Region in and Around of Mizoram State, India 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methodology 2.1 Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) 2.2 Study Area and Data Source 2.3 Mizoram State 2.4 Data Collection 2.5 Selection of Input Parameters 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusions References Implementation of Rainfall-Based Drought Indices for Regional Drought Assessment 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Collection 3 Drought Indices 3.1 The Percent of Normal (PN) 3.2 The Decile Index (DI) 3.3 The Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) 3.4 China-Z Index (CZI), Modified CZI (MCZI) and Z-Score 4 Result and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Investigation of Crop Evapotranspiration and Irrigation Water Requirement in the Ukai-Kakrapar Command Area, India 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Collection 2.1 Description of Study Reach 2.2 Data Source and Collection of Data 3 Methodology 3.1 Reference Evapotranspiration (ET0) 3.2 Crop Water Requirement (CWR) 3.3 Effective Precipitation (Peff) 3.4 Net Irrigation Requirement (NIR) 4 Data Analysis, Results, and Discussions 4.1 Estimation of ET0 4.2 Estimation of Monthly Effective Rainfall (Peff) and Gross Irrigation Water Requirement (GIWR) 4.3 Estimation of Crop Water Requirement (CWR) 5 Conclusions References Estimation of Crop Evapotranspiration and Irrigation Water Requirement for Dharoi Command Area, India 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data Collection 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Data Collection 2.3 Meteorological Data 2.4 Crop Data 2.5 Weighted Average Data 3 Methodology 3.1 Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo) 3.2 Crop Water Requirement 3.3 Effective Precipitation (Peff) 3.4 Net Irrigation Requirement (NIR) 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Estimation of ETo 4.2 Estimation of CWR 4.3 Estimation of the Peff and NIR 5 Conclusions References Spatiotemporal Variation of Interception in an Agriculture Watershed—Tadepalligudem, West Godavari, India 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Data Collection 2.3 Methodology 2.4 Selection of Input parameters 2.5 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) 2.6 Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) 2.7 Leaf Area Index (LAI) 2.8 Canopy Rainfall Interception Model 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Spatiotemporal Variation Patterns of NDVI 3.2 Spatiotemporal Variation Patterns of LAI 3.3 Spatiotemporal Variation Patterns of Canopy Storage Capacity (Smax) 3.4 Spatiotemporal Variation Patterns of Canopy Rainfall Interception (Sv) 4 Conclusions References A Dual Porosity Lumped Parameter Model of Hillslope Hydrological Processes—A Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Hillslope Runoff Model 2.1 Conceptualization of a Hillslope 2.2 Net Precipitation Input 2.3 Redistribution Over the Unsaturated Slope Length 2.4 Flow Situations Over the Unsaturated Zone 2.5 Redistribution Beneath the Ground Surface 2.6 Runoff 3 Study Area 3.1 Regional Hydrology 3.2 Hydrological Modeling 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Steep Region Hydrology 4.2 Foothill Hydrology and the Net Hillslope Runoff 5 Conclusions References Investigations on Hydraulic Conductivity Assessment of Porous Media Treated with Fly Ash 1 Introduction 2 Porous Material and Experimental Methodology 2.1 Porous Material 2.2 Experimental Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Grain-Size Analysis 3.2 Compaction Characteristics Analysis 3.3 Flow-Regime Investigation 3.4 Hydraulic Conductivity Determination 4 Conclusions References Permeability of Sloping Soil Layer: An Experimental Study 1 Introduction 2 Methodology and Experimental Setup 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Permeability at 10° Slope 3.2 Permeability at 20° Slope 4 Conclusion References Groundwater Flow Modeling for Evaluating Specific Yield Sensitivity of a Sandstone Aquifer System in Gunderu Sub-basin 1 Introduction 1.1 FREEWAT Model 2 Study Area and Data Source 3 Methodology 4 Groundwater Modeling 5 Results and Discussions 5.1 The Pattern of Hydraulic Heads 5.2 Normalization of Results 5.3 Depth to Water Level 6 Conclusions References Groundwater Flow Modeling in a Heterogeneous Porous Medium Using Meshless Method 1 Introduction 2 Governing Equation 3 EFGM Flow Model 4 Numerical Problem 5 Conclusions References Characteristics and Frequency Analysis of Annual Daily Maximum Rainfall at Surat, Gujarat, India 1 Introduction 2 Study Area Data Availability 3 Methodology 3.1 Missing Data 3.2 Statistical Parameters 3.3 Short-Term and Long-Term Dependence Tests 3.4 Frequency Analysis 3.5 Parameter Estimation Methods 3.6 Goodness-of-Fit Test 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 The Statistical Parameters 4.2 Short-Term and Long-Term Dependence Tests 4.3 Frequency Analysis 4.4 Goodness-of-Fit Test 5 Conclusions References Groundwater Flow Simulation in an Unconfined Aquifer Using Local Radial Point Interpolation Meshless Method (LRPIM) 1 Introduction 2 Governing Equations and Boundary Conditions 3 LRPIM Formulation for an Unconfined Aquifer 4 Model Development 5 Case Study 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion References Quality Assessment of Collected Groundwater Samples Around Naregaon Dumping Yard, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India 1 Introduction 2 Study Area 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 pH 4.2 Electric Conductivity (EC) 4.3 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 4.4 Nitrate (NO3) 4.5 Sulfate (SO4) 4.6 Calcium (Ca) 4.7 Chloride (Cl) 4.8 Zinc (Zn) and Lead (Pb) 5 Conclusions References Appraisal of Soil Salinity in Haryana State by Using Electromagnetic Induction Tool 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Study Area and Data Source 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusions References Rain-Gauge Network Design and Rainfall Estimation—Case Study of Odisha Basins 1 Introduction 2 Study Area, Data Set and Methodology 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Data Set 3 Methodology 3.1 Continuous Evaluation Indices (CEI) 3.2 Variogram 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Continuous Evaluation Indices (CEI) 4.2 Variogram 4.3 Kriging Interpolation 4.4 Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) 4.5 Adequacy of Raingauge Stations 5 Conclusion References Capacity Assessment of Khoupum Reservoir, Manipur, Using Hydrographic Survey—A Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Components and Methodology 3 Analysis and Results 4 Conclusions References