War And Society In The Ancient And Medieval Worlds: Asia, The Mediterranean, Europe, And Mesoamerica

Description

This social history of war from the third millennium BCE to the 10th-century CE in the Mediterranean, the Near East and Europe (Egypt, Achamenid Persia, Greece, the Hellenistic World, the Roman Republic and Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the early Islamic World and early Medieval Europe) with parallel studies of Mesoamerica (the Maya and Aztecs) and East Asia (ancient China, medieval Japan). The volume offers a broadly based, comparative examination of war and military organization in their complex interactions with social, economic and political structures, as well as cultural practices. Preface: Center for Hellenic Studies CoUoquia Introduction Notes Bibliography Early China Introduction: War in Early China Warfare and Ritual Sacrifice: The Neolithic and Bronze Ages The Second Stage: The Warring States The Han Dynasty Conclusion Notes Bibliography Japan to 1300 Introduction and Previous Research Generalizations about Society and Economy to 1300 Origins: From Prehistoric Times to a.d. 645 The Chinese-Style Military, 645-900 Toward the Age of the Samurai, 900-1050 The Age of the Samurai: Stage One, 1050-1185 The Age of the Samurai: Stage Two, 1185-1300 Conclusion Notes Bibliography Ancient Egypt The Ecological Environment and the Emergence of the Monarchy1 Submission and Entrepreneurship: The Old Kingdom Political Fragmentation and Cultural Provincialization: The First Intermediate Period The Birth of Imperialism: The Middle Kingdom Expansion and Cosmopolitanism: The New Kingdom The Militarization of Kingship, Political Conservatism, and Ethnic Pluralism: The Ramesside Period Conclusion Notes Bibliography The Achaemenid Empire Introduction The High Valuation of Warrior Qualities among the Persians The School of Warriors Persian Army and Imperial Army Abbreviations Notes Archaic and Classical Greece Introduction and Background Hoplites and Polis in Archaic Greece Naval Warfare, Imperialism, and Democracy in the Fifth Century Conclusion Epilogue: A Different Perspective Notes Bibliography The Hellenistic World Introduction The Macedon of Philip II and Alexander the Great Alexander's Conquests The Hellenistic Kingdoms The Role of Mercenaries in Hellenistic Warfare Conclusions: The Coming of Rome Notes Bibliography Republican Rome Introduction War and Society in the Early and Middle Republic The Late Republic Epilogue Notes Bibliography The Roman Empire The Historical Background Army and Society The Later Empire Epilogue Notes Bibliography The Byzantine World Late Roman and Early Byzantine State and Society: Structures From Defense to Offense: The Forging of the Middle Byzantine Army Middle Byzantine State and Society: Structures The Army and Resources The Armies: Basic Organization and Structures The Role of the Army in Society Soldiers in Society Conclusions Notes Bibliography Early Medieval Europe Introduction The Romano-German Kingdoms: The Imperial Roots of State and Society From Defense to Offense to Defense Again The Army The Nature of War Numbers and Costs Conclusions Notes Bibliography The Early Islamic World The Conquest Society (ca. 630-750) The Early 'Abbäsids (750-861) Epilogue Notes Bibliography Ancient Maya Warfare Introduction Environmental and Sociocultural Background of Classic Maya Warfare Maya Warfare Warfare and the Classic Maya Collapse Conclusions Notes Bibliography The Aztec World Aztec War and Society Mesoamerican Political Organization Aztec Warfare The Conquest Notes Bibliography A Paradigm for the Study of War and Society Introduction Sociocultural Ramifications of War within Polities Interpoiity Sociocultural Ramifications of War Summary and Conclusions Notes Bibliography Epilogue Introduction Ritual and Nonritual West and Non-West Modern and Premodern Conclusion Notes Bibliography The Contributors Index