Polycarp and Paul: An Analysis of Their Literary & Theological Relationship in Light of Polycarp's use of Biblical & Extra-Biblical Literature

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Acknowledgments IX Abbreviations X I. INTRODUCTION 1 Modern Scholars' Recognition of Polycarp 's Importance and the Tendency to Regard Him as Unintelligent 3 Polycarp the Man 8 Authenticity and Manuscripts 12 Date and Unity...... ....................... ......................... ................... 13 Two Letters or One? 15 The Date of Polycarp 's 'Second Letter' 17 Genre and Purpose 24 Methodology 27 II. AN ANALYSIS OF POLYCARP'S CITATIONS, ALLUSIONS, AND REMINISCENCES 33 Salutation 33 Pol. Phil. 1.1 35 Pol. Phil. 1.2 37 Pol. Phil. 1.3 41 Pol. Phil. 2.1 44 Pol. Phil . 2.2 48 Excursus: Written Gospels and Oral Tradition 51 Pol. Phil. 2.3 53 Pol. Phil. 3.1 59 Pol. Phil. 3.2 60 Excursus: The Plural £1tcr'toA.a~ 62 Pol. Phil. 3.3 63 Pol. Phil. 4.1 67 Pol. Phil. 4.2 69 Pol. Phil. 4.3 70 Pol. Phil. 5.1 73 Pol. Phil. 5.2 74 Pol. Phil. 5.3 77 Pol. Phil. 6.1 80 Pol. Phil. 6.2 84 Pol. Phil. 6.3 86 Pol. Phil. 7.1 88 Pol. Phil. 7.2 91 Pol. Phil. 8.1 94 Pol. Phil. 8.2 95 Pol. Phil. 9.1 97 Pol. Phil. 9.2 98 Pol. Phil. 10.1 101 Pol. Phil. 10.2-3 103 Pol. Phil. 11.1 107 Pol. Phil. 11.2 108 Pol. Phil. 11.3 111 Pol. Phil. 11.4 113 Pol. Phil. 12.1 115 Pol. Phil. 12.2 120 Pol. Phil. 12.3 121 Pol. Phil. 13-14 124 Tendencies 124 III . POLYCARp, AN IMITATOR OF PAUL? 126 Graeco-Roman Imitation 127 Evidence of Literary Imitation of Paul by Polycarp 131 Evidence of Ethic al Imitation of Paul by Polycarp 136 Conclusion 140 1\1. PAULINE CLUSTERS IN POL. PHIL. AND THEIR IMPLICATION FOR POLYCARP'S VIEW OF THE AUTHORSHIP OF THE PASTORAL EPISTLES 142 References to the Pastor al Epistles in the Early Church and their Connection s to Paul 143 Polycarp and Paul................................................................... 145 Paul Referred to by Name 149 Clusters in Polycarp 150 Polycarp, Paul and the Pastoral Epistles 152 Conclusion 155 \1. PAUL'S INFLUENCE ON THE THEOLOGY OF POLYCARP 156 Excursus: Three Streams of Authority for Polycarp 158 Resurrection and]udgmcnt 162 Christ 167 Righteousnes s, Grace, and Faith 170 The Church 177 Fulfilling the "Commandment of Righteousness" through Love 178 Money 181 Suffering and Martyrdom 181 The World 183 What is Missing? 184 Conclusion 186 VI. CONCLUSIONS 187 APPENDIX: SUMMARIES OF POLYCARP'S CITATIONS, ALLUSIONS, AND REMINISCENCES 191 Summary According to the Order of Pol. Phil. 191 Summary According to Degree of Probability 194 Summary According to Source 198 Cumulative Results 203 BIBLIOGRAPHY 207 INDEX OF NAMES 219 INDEX OF SOURCES 220