Fine Reservoir Description: Techniques, Current Status, Challenges, and Solutions

Description

Fine Reservoir Description: Techniques, Current Status, Challenges and Solutions presents studies on fine oil and gas reservoirs, covering aspects of current status and progress, content and methods/techniques, as well as challenges and solutions through literature review and case studies of reservoirs, including volcanic rocks in the Songliao Basin, glutenite at the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin, and sandstone in the Liaohe Basin, China. This book contains a large amount of data and illustrations. Front Cover Fine Reservoir Description Copyright Page Contents Preface 1 Introduction to fine reservoir description 1.1 Overview 1.2 Fine reservoir description of high water-cut oilfield 1.2.1 Key problems 1.2.1.1 Fine stratigraphic classification and correlation 1.2.1.2 Reservoir heterogeneity 1.2.1.3 Change law of reservoirs in the process of development 1.2.1.4 Multiinformation remaining oil characterization 1.2.1.5 Tertiary oil recovery in high water-cut reservoirs 1.2.2 Trend 1.2.2.1 Fine interpretation of fault system 1.2.2.2 Fine characterization of reservoir architecture 1.2.2.3 Interpretation of swept layer logging 1.2.2.4 Research on dominant flow paths 1.2.2.5 Geological modeling based on multiple-point geostatistics 1.3 Fine reservoir description of low-permeability oilfield 1.3.1 Current status 1.3.2 Core contents 1.3.2.1 Fine prediction and characterization of sand body with multiple methods 1.3.2.1.1 Prediction and characterization of sand body 1.3.2.1.2 Analysis of geological genesis 1.3.2.1.3 Sand body characterization based on the sedimentary microfacies analysis 1.3.2.1.4 Analysis of sand body connectivity 1.3.2.2 Comprehensive fracture characterization based on multiple information 1.3.2.3 Study of reservoir pore structure 1.3.2.4 Classification of flow units in the low-permeability reservoir 1.3.2.5 Protection of low-permeability reservoir 1.3.3 Trend 1.3.3.1 Description of microstructure 1.3.3.2 Analysis of reservoir geological genesis including diagenesis 1.3.3.3 Experimental study on the mechanism of CO2, N2, or polymer flooding for oil recovery in low-permeability oilfields 1.3.3.4 Economic effectiveness evaluation of fine reservoir description under low oil price 1.3.3.5 Basic research on horizontal well design and implementation of other engineering measures in fine reservoir description 1.4 Fine reservoir description of the complex lithologic reservoir 1.4.1 Current status and key problems 1.4.1.1 Current status 1.4.1.2 Key problems 1.4.1.2.1 Lithology identification and classification 1.4.1.2.2 Analysis of reservoir geological genesis 1.4.1.2.3 Fine stratigraphic classification and correlation 1.4.1.2.4 Quantitative description of fracture development 1.4.1.2.5 Fine logging reinterpretation 1.4.1.2.6 Geological modeling 1.4.2 Core contents 1.4.2.1 Identification and classification of complex lithology and lithofacies 1.4.2.2 Analysis of geological genetic mechanism of reservoir 1.4.2.3 Identification and description of pore space 1.4.2.4 Fine logging interpretation of reservoir physical properties 1.4.2.5 Geological modeling of complex lithologic reservoir 1.4.3 Trend 1.4.3.1 Fine stratigraphic classification and correlation 1.4.3.2 Characterization of microscopic pore structure 1.4.3.3 Reservoir fracture characterization technology 1.4.3.4 Comprehensive quantitative evaluation of reservoir 1.4.3.5 Identification of fluid in complex lithologic reservoir 2 Characteristics of fine reservoir description contents 2.1 Fine reservoir description in the early development stage 2.2 Fine reservoir description in the middle–late development stage 2.2.1 Fine description of small faults and microstructures 2.2.2 Fine stratigraphic classification and correlation based on high-resolution sequence stratigraphy 2.2.3 Reservoir architecture characterization based on sedimentary microfacies analysis 2.2.4 Quantitative evaluation of reservoir pore structure 2.2.5 Reservoir fluid heterogeneity analysis 2.2.6 Reservoir change analysis 2.2.7 Geological modeling methods (e.g., multi-point geostatistics) 2.2.8 Multi-information remaining oil description 3 Techniques of fine reservoir description 3.1 Fine stratigraphic classification and correlation based on high-resolution sequence stratigraphy 3.1.1 Geology of Yulou reservoir 3.1.2 Sedimentary genesis as guidance 3.1.3 Satisfaction to the production practice 3.1.4 Principles for bed classification and correlation 3.1.5 Establishment of the large-scale isochronous stratigraphic framework with logging and seismic data 3.1.6 Combination of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and traditional method for stratigraphic classification and corr... 3.1.7 High-resolution sequence stratigraphy analysis 3.1.7.1 Single-well high-resolution sequence stratigraphy analysis 3.1.7.2 Sectional high-resolution sequence stratigraphy analysis 3.1.7.3 Results of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy analysis 3.1.7.4 Significance of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy analysis for reservoir development 3.2 Multiinformation fracture characterization of volcanic reservoir 3.2.1 Geology of the volcanic gas reservoir in Ying 1 Member in Xudong area, the Songliao Basin 3.2.2 The approach of fracture characterization 3.2.3 Classification of fractures in the target interval 3.2.4 Multiinformation fracture characterization of volcanic reservoir 3.2.4.1 Outcrop 3.2.4.2 Core 3.2.4.3 Microscopic thin section 3.2.4.4 Logging 3.2.4.5 Seismic data 3.2.5 Fracture genesis and influencing factors 3.2.5.1 Tectonism 3.2.5.2 Volcanic lithology 3.2.5.3 Volcanic rock body 3.2.5.4 Volcanic facies 3.2.5.5 Diagenesis 3.3 Reservoir architecture characterization based on sedimentary microfacies classification 3.3.1 Current status 3.3.1.1 Contents 3.3.1.1.1 Data base 3.3.1.1.2 Architecture hierarchy 3.3.1.2 Methods 3.3.1.2.1 Sequence stratigraphy 3.3.1.2.2 Sedimentology 3.3.1.2.3 Diagenesis 3.3.1.2.4 Geostatistics 3.3.1.2.5 Geological modeling 3.3.1.2.6 Numerical simulation 3.3.1.2.7 Other new techniques/methods 3.3.1.3 Problems and trend 3.3.1.3.1 Problems 3.3.1.3.2 Trend 3.3.2 Architectures of the Lower Karamay Formation alluvial fan reservoir in an area at the northwestern margin of the Jung... 3.3.2.1 Geology 3.3.2.2 Research approach 3.3.2.3 Scheme and result of architecture classification 3.3.2.3.1 Architecture classification scheme 3.3.2.3.2 Architecture classification result 3.3.2.4 Reservoir architecture characteristics 3.3.2.4.1 Vertical development 3.3.2.4.2 Lateral development 3.3.2.4.3 Scales of reservoir architectures 3.3.2.5 Correspondence between architecture classification and lithology classification 3.3.2.6 Control and influence of reservoir architecture on oilfield development 3.4 Genetic classification and quantitative characterization of reservoir pore structure 3.4.1 Studies on pore structure 3.4.1.1 Current status 3.4.1.1.1 Study contents 3.4.1.1.2 Study methods 3.4.1.2 Problems and trends in reservoir pore structure research 3.4.1.2.1 Problems 3.4.1.2.2 Trends 3.4.2 The pore structure of Yulou reservoir in an area of Western Sag, the Liaohe Basin 3.4.2.1 Genetic classification 3.4.2.2 Development features 3.4.2.3 Influence of reservoir pore structure on development 3.5 Reservoir heterogeneity analysis 3.5.1 Current status 3.5.1.1 Contents 3.5.1.2 Methods 3.5.1.2.1 Geological genesis analysis method 3.5.1.2.2 Sequence stratigraphy method 3.5.1.2.3 Experiment methods 3.5.1.2.4 Geostatistical method 3.5.1.2.5 Mathematical calculation methods 3.5.1.2.6 Logging interpretation method 3.5.1.2.7 Geological modeling method 3.5.1.2.8 Seismic prediction method 3.5.1.2.9 Numerical simulation method 3.5.1.2.10 Production performance analysis method 3.5.1.3 Problems 3.5.1.4 Trend 3.5.2 Heterogeneity of Yulou reservoir in an area of Western Sag, the Liaohe Basin 3.5.2.1 Characteristics of reservoir heterogeneity 3.5.2.1.1 Single-well heterogeneity 3.5.2.1.2 Sectional heterogeneity 3.5.2.1.3 Plane heterogeneity 3.5.2.2 Effect of reservoir heterogeneity on thermal recovery of heavy oil reservoir by steam flooding 3.6 Comprehensive quantitative reservoir evaluation based on geologic genesis analysis 3.6.1 Current status 3.6.1.1 Research methods 3.6.1.1.1 Geological empirical method 3.6.1.1.2 Weight method 3.6.1.1.3 Analytic hierarchy process method 3.6.1.1.4 Fuzzy mathematics method 3.6.1.1.5 Artificial neural network method 3.6.1.1.6 Fractal geometric method 3.6.1.1.7 Variogram method 3.6.1.1.8 Cluster analysis method 3.6.1.1.9 Gray relational analysis method 3.6.1.1.10 Logging methods 3.6.1.1.11 Seismic methods 3.6.1.2 Considerations 3.6.1.2.1 Selection of data for reservoir evaluation 3.6.1.2.2 Selection of parameters for reservoir evaluation 3.6.1.2.3 Verification of reservoir evaluation results 3.6.1.3 Problems and trend 3.6.1.3.1 Problems 3.6.1.3.2 Trends 3.6.2 Classification and evaluation of Yulou reservoir in an area of Western Sag, the Liaohe Basin 3.6.2.1 Reservoir characteristics 3.6.2.1.1 Lithology 3.6.2.1.2 Sedimentary microfacies 3.6.2.1.3 Pore structure 3.6.2.1.4 Physical properties 3.6.2.1.5 Diagenesis 3.6.2.1.6 Heterogeneity 3.6.2.2 Quantitative reservoir evaluation 3.6.2.2.1 Parameter selection 3.6.2.2.2 Method selection 3.6.2.2.3 Results of quantitative reservoir evaluation 3.6.2.2.4 Reservoir development characteristics 3.6.2.2.5 Control and verification of reservoir classification and evaluation results 3.6.2.3 Influence of reservoir classification and evaluation results to the conversion of thermal recovery mode 3.7 Reservoir flow unit classification 3.7.1 Geology and development of the Yulou reservoir in an area of Western Sag, the Liaohe Basin 3.7.2 Research approach 3.7.3 Parameter determination for reservoir flow unit classification 3.7.4 Results of reservoir flow unit classification 3.7.4.1 Single-well reservoir flow unit classification 3.7.4.2 Sectional reservoir flow unit classification 3.7.4.3 Plane reservoir flow unit classification 3.7.5 Influences of flow units on oilfield development and countermeasures 3.8 Multipoint geostatistical modeling 3.8.1 Current status 3.8.1.1 Geological modeling abroad 3.8.1.2 Geological modeling in China 3.8.2 Current status and principle of multipoint geostatistical modeling and comparison with traditional geological modelin... 3.8.2.1 Current status 3.8.2.2 Principle 3.8.2.3 Comparison with traditional geological modeling methods 3.8.3 Examples 3.8.3.1 Foundation 3.8.3.2 Determination of training image 3.8.3.3 Building of geological model 3.8.4 Problems and trend 3.8.4.1 Problems 3.8.4.1.1 Stability of training image 3.8.4.1.2 Continuity of target 3.8.4.1.3 Integration of seismic data 3.8.4.2 Trend 3.9 Remaining oil characterization 3.9.1 Current status 3.9.2 Contents 3.9.3 Methods 3.9.3.1 Development geology methods 3.9.3.1.1 Remaining oil characterization method is based on the macroscopic and microscopic description of reservoirs 3.9.3.1.2 Remaining oil characterization method based on structural analysis 3.9.3.2 Core observation description and test methods 3.9.3.3 Swept layer logging interpretation methods 3.9.3.4 4D seismic method 3.9.3.5 Mathematical statistics methods 3.9.3.6 Numerical simulation methods 3.9.3.7 Dynamic monitoring analysis method 3.9.3.8 Reservoir engineering methods 3.9.3.9 Well test interpretation methods 3.9.4 Problems and trends 3.9.4.1 Problems 3.9.4.2 Trend 4 Challenges and solutions of fine reservoir characterization 4.1 Challenges of fine reservoir characterization 4.2 Solutions of fine reservoir characterization 4.2.1 Planning the basic data acquisition scientifically 4.2.2 Setting the study project properly 4.2.3 Stressing on key contents of the study 4.2.4 Paying attention to the practical application of study results 4.2.5 Enhancing the level of informatization by constructing the digital reservoir 4.2.6 Enhancing the quality control of study process and result 4.2.7 Reducing the cost and improving the efficiency with new methods/techniques 4.2.8 Considering the economic effectiveness carefully Bibliography Index Back Cover