Journalism, Technology and Cultural Practice: A History

Description

Taking a contextual and historical approach, Journalism, Technology and Cultural Practice provides an accessible introduction to the various stages of journalism’s adoption and exploitation of technology from print to digital. This foundational text explains the cultural norms and practices that have developed within journalism, why the industry has evolved in the way it has, and what this may mean for the direction of journalistic practices in the future. Readers will examine key technological developments from printing, through radio and television, to contemporary digital developments, whilst also tracing the major cultural shifts empowered by these changes over time. Conboy additionally highlights how journalists have been actors in these processes and have had a central role in defining the culture of their practice. Journalism, Technology and Cultural Practice is a valuable resource for students of Journalism/Media History and Journalism/Media and Society. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Preface Acknowledgements Chapter 1: Print and journalism: The contexts of technology Introduction Print and news Journalism as continuity Capitalism and communication Postal distribution of news Affordances of print Print technology Miscellaneous printed material Printed news Commercial implications Audiences, markets and reception Reformation: conduit and crucible Journalism as a radical communication shift Early periodical publications Printed news: discussion and resistance Policymakers The formation of a public sphere Journalism’s radical renewal Conclusion Chapter 2: Journalism: Industrial capitalism and civic claims Introduction The transformative power of steam The industrialisation of print Developments in paper manufacturing Combining technological networks Telegraphy and the compression of time-space The rise of news agencies Typewriters and telephones: speeding up reporting Some consequences of speed Technology and the workforce The cultural implications of technological infrastructure The power of imperial networks Resistance to hegemony Professional levelling Conclusion Chapter 3: The recurring issue of the image in news Introduction The image and printing Images, news and popular culture The stand-alone print Woodcuts as an educational illustration Image as popular entertainment Woodcut revival The Illustrated London News – image as entrepreneurial catalyst Wider cultural considerations of image in news Illustration as a social and political intervention Continuity and change? Editorial cartoons Photography: a slow incorporation Technological convergence and expanding markets The discursive appeal of photojournalism Photography’s tabloid turn Ideological framing Photojournalism and the digital Conclusion Chapter 4: Radio journalism: The power of the voice Introduction Broadcasting to the masses: anxieties and aspirations Social and political contexts Commercial considerations The substance of radio journalism The US model The British solution Institutionalising radio journalism The British model gains traction The authenticity of live broadcasting Post-war developments From phone-ins to shock jocks: opinion bites back Conclusion Chapter 5: Television journalism: Entertainment and authority Introduction Repurposing the technological terrain The image: progress or problem? Chronology of development in the US Chronology of development in the UK The British duopoly Benefits of commercial pressure Shiny new things: the expense of innovation The defining feature of the anchor Generic limitations The gendered screen The tabloid metaphor Entertainment as opinion Rolling news: technology and expectation shifts Conclusion Chapter 6: Print’s gestation: Between broadcasting and the digital Introduction The succession of telegraph and telephone Radio re-shaping the press Photography and image: discourse and materiality Precursors to the digital age Computers as business solutions Political-economic synergies From page to screen Online newspapers Colour as metonymic in the UK Industrial resistance The case of Wapping Post-Wapping The extended screen Conclusion Chapter 7: Profit and control in the digital era Introduction Digital journalism’s features Diversity and its disruptive potential The ambivalence of challenges to authority Some precursors to digital journalism Advertising: the disappearing dividend Advertising pressurising content The digital and technological debate: a continuity Techno-determinism Social determinism Responses to polarities: the digital and democracy The residual influence of journalism’s institutional base Long-term social changes Actor Network Theory Business models: the heart of the matter Business survival models Testing the audience Conclusion Chapter 8: Consumption and contribution in the digital era Introduction Preliminary context Contemporary change Journalism and news: distinguishing features and continuities Generic conventions Sharing: extending a practice Challenging and reinforcing boundaries Incorporating the audience The audience responds Institutions and feedback: an asymmetrical relationship Journalists and the digital Gatekeeping in the digital era Reasserting journalism? Journalists: redefining their terrain Live blogs as journalistic practice Twitter as a nexus of digital challenges Twitter’s negative functionality Journalists and Twitter The marginalisation of non-elite users Conclusion Bibliography Index