TERMINAL BALLISTICS.

Description

Preface Introduction Contents Part I Experimental and Numerical Techniques 1 Experimental Techniques 1.1 The Terminal Ballistics Lab 1.1.1 Laboratory Guns 1.1.2 Projectiles and Targets 1.1.3 Diagnostics for Terminal Ballistics 1.2 Determination of the Dynamic Properties of Materials 1.2.1 Equation of State Measurements 1.2.2 Dynamic Strength Measurements 1.2.3 Diagnostics 1.3 The Common Threats in Terminal Ballistics 2 Material Models for Numerical Simulations 2.1 General Description 2.2 Material Properties 2.2.1 The Equation of State 2.2.2 The Constitutive Relations 2.2.3 Failure of Ductile Materials 2.2.4 Failure of Brittle Materials 2.2.5 The Spall Failure Part II Penetration Mechanics 3 Rigid Penetrators 3.1 The Mechanics of Deep Penetration 3.2 The Penetration Model for Rigid Long Rods 3.2.1 Impact at the Ordnance Velocity Range 3.2.2 High Velocity Impact: The Cavitation Phenomenon 3.3 The Cavity Expansion Analysis 3.4 Deep Indentation Tests 3.5 The Penetration of Short Projectiles 3.5.1 The Influence of the Entrance Phase 3.5.2 A Numerically Based Model for the Entrance Phase Effect 3.6 The Impact of Spheres 3.6.1 Rigid Sphere Impact 3.6.2 The Impact of Non-rigid Spheres 3.7 The Effect of Friction 3.8 The Optimal Nose Shape 3.9 Concrete Targets 3.9.1 The Penetration Model 3.9.2 The Scaling Issue and the Size Effect 3.9.3 Other Important Issues 3.9.4 The Rate Dependence of Concrete-like Materials 3.9.5 The Equivalent Aluminum Target 3.10 The Deep Penetration of Deforming Rods 3.11 The Effect of Yaw on Rigid Rod Penetration 3.12 The Transition to Finite-Thickness Targets 4 Plate Perforation 4.1 General Description 4.2 The Perforation of Ductile Plates by Sharp Nosed Rigid Projectiles 4.3 Plate Perforation by Spherical Nosed Projectiles 4.4 Plate Perforation by Blunt Projectiles 4.5 Forced Shear Localization and Adiabatic Shear Failure 4.6 The Effective Strength of Metallic Targets 4.7 The Perforation of Concrete Slabs by Rigid Projectiles 4.8 The Catastrophic Failure of Thin Panels by Hydrodynamic Ram 5 Eroding Penetrators 5.1 General Considerations 5.2 The Penetration of Shaped Charge Jets 5.3 The Penetration of Eroding Long Rods 5.3.1 The Allen–Rogers Penetration Model 5.3.2 The Alekseeνskii-Tate Penetration Model 5.3.3 The Validity of the AT Model 5.3.4 The L/D Effect 5.3.5 Other Penetration Models 5.4 Scaling Issues in the Terminal Ballistics of Eroding Rods 5.5 Deep Penetration at the Hypervelocity Regime 5.6 Plate Perforation by Eroding Rods Part III Defeat Mechanisms 6 Defeat by High Strength Targets 6.1 Definitions 6.2 Metallic Targets 6.3 Ceramics for Armor 6.3.1 Ceramics Against AP Projectiles 6.3.2 The Interaction of Ceramics with Long Rods 6.3.3 Numerical Simulations 6.3.4 Ceramics Against Shaped Charge Jets 6.4 Woven Fabrics as Armor Materials 6.5 Elastomer-Steel Laminates for Armor Applications 6.6 Fragment Simulating Projectiles (FSPs) Perforating Aluminum Plates 6.7 The Defeat of EFP Threats 7 Asymmetric Interactions 7.1 General Description 7.2 Defeating AP Projectiles 7.3 Defeating Long Rods 7.3.1 Perforation of Inclined Plates 7.3.2 Ricochet of Long Rods 7.3.3 The Interaction of Long Rods with Moving Plates 7.3.4 The Impact of Yawed Rods 7.4 Defeating Shaped Charge Jets 7.4.1 The Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA) 7.4.2 Passive Cassettes 7.4.3 The Hole Diameter in a Plate Impacted by a Jet 7.5 Defeat of Micrometeoroids by Thin Metallic Plates References