Clinical Applications of Digital Dental Technology

Description

Clinical Applications of Digital Dental Technology Comprehensive overview of digital dentistry describing available technologies and when/how to use digital dentistry in practice Clinical Applications of Digital Dental Technology provides comprehensive yet practical references to a wide range of potential uses for digital technology in dental practice, discussing a wide range of digital technologies including their indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages, limitations, and applications. Overall, the book emphasizes how to use digital dentistry in daily practice across all specialties. With broad coverage of the subject, Clinical Applications of Digital Dental Technology discusses digital imaging, digital impressions, digital prosthodontics, digital implant planning and placement, and digital applications in endodontics, orthodontics, and oral surgery. Each chapter is written by experts in each topic and covers applications for prosthodontics, implant dentistry, oral surgery, endodontics, orthodontics, and other specialty areas. Clinical Applications of Digital Dental Technology also includes information on: Software, scanning, and manufacturing capabilities which have led to an unparalleled revolution leading to a major paradigm shift in all aspects of dentistry Digital radiography, virtual planning, computer-aided design and manufacturing, digital impressions, digitally fabricated dentures, and the “virtual patient” Available technologies, plus a critical evaluation of each one to detail how they are incorporated in daily practice across all specialties Developing technologies in the field with special attention paid to those expected to be on the market sometime in the near future Clinical Applications of Digital Dental Technology is an essential resource for general dentists, specialists, and students who wish to understand digital dentistry and efficiently and intelligently incorporate it into their practices. The text is also useful for laboratory technicians interested in recent digital advances in the dental field. Cover Title Page Copyright Page Contents Notes on Contributors Preface About the Companion Website Chapter 1 Digital Imaging 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 Digital Versus Conventional Film Radiography 1.1.2 Radiation Safety of Diagnostic Radiography 1.1.3 Uses of Two-Dimensional (2D) Systems in Daily Practice 1.1.4 Non-Radiographic Methods of Caries Diagnosis 1.1.5 Dental Cone Beam Computed Tomography 1.1.6 Common Uses of CBCT in Dentistry 1.1.7 Emerging Imaging Technology 1.2 Summary References Chapter 2 Digital Impressions 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Benefits of Digital Impressions 2.3 Limitations of Digital Impressions 2.4 Clinical Considerations 2.4.1 Technology of Intraoral Scanners 2.4.2 Clinical Scanning Techniques 2.4.3 Scanning Environment 2.5 Accuracy of Intraoral Scanners Compared with Conventional Impressions 2.6 Accuracy of Complete Arch vs. Quadrant Scans 2.7 Indirect Restoration Accuracy 2.8 Preparation Design 2.9 Implant Restoration Accuracy 2.9.1 Single/Multiple Implants 2.9.2 Complete Arch Implant Scanning 2.10 Removable Prosthodontics 2.11 Summary References Chapter 3 Direct Digital Manufacturing 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Scanning Devices 3.3 Digital Manufacturing 3.4 File Format in The Digital Workflow 3.5 Additive versus Subtractive Manufacturing Technologies 3.5.1 Subtractive Manufacturing Technology 3.5.2 Additive Manufacturing Technology 3.6 Materials Extrusion Technologies 3.7 Powder Bed Fusion 3.7.1 Selective Laser Melt 3.7.2 Electron Beam Melting 3.7.3 Selective Heat Sintering 3.7.4 Selective Laser Sintering 3.8 Binder Jetting 3.8.1 Plaster-based 3D Printing 3.9 Sheet Lamination 3.9.1 Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) 3.10 Vat Photopolymerization 3.10.1 Stereolithography 3.10.2 Digital Light Processing 3.10.3 PolyJet 3D Printing 3.11 Applications of Digital Manufacturing in Medicine and Dentistry 3.12 Future of DDM References Chapter 4 Additive Manufacturing Procedures and Clinical Applications in Restorative Dentistry 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Manufacturing Workflow and Manufacturing Accuracy 4.3 Polymer Additive Manufacturing 4.3.1 Vat-Polymerization Technologies 4.3.2 Material Jetting Technologies 4.3.3 Material Extrusion 4.4 Dental Applications of Polymer Additive Manufacturing Technologies 4.4.1 Diagnostic and Definitive Casts 4.4.2 Surgical Implant Guides 4.4.3 Endodontic Guides 4.4.4 Occlusal Devices 4.4.5 Castable Patterns 4.4.6 Silicone Indices 4.4.7 Custom Trays 4.4.8 Interim Dental Restorations 4.4.9 Removable Prostheses 4.4.10 Extraoral Scan Bodies for Virtual Patient Integration 4.5 Metal Additive Manufacturing 4.5.1 Selective Laser Sintering 4.5.2 Selective Laser Melting 4.5.3 Electron Beam Melting 4.6 Dental Applications of Metal Additive Manufacturing Technologies 4.6.1 Metal Frameworks for Removable Partial Dentures 4.6.2 Metal Frameworks for Complete Dentures and Overdentures 4.6.3 Metal Frameworks Tooth-Supported Prostheses 4.6.4 Metal Frameworks for Implant-Supported Prostheses 4.6.5 Metal Frameworks for Implant Impression Techniques 4.7 Ceramic Additive Manufacturing 4.7.1 Vat-Polymerization Technologies 4.7.2 Binder Jetting Technology 4.7.3 Material Extrusion 4.7.4 Material Jetting 4.7.5 Powder Bed Fusion Technologies 4.8 Dental Applications of Ceramic Additive Manufacturing Technologies 4.8.1 Dental Restorations 4.8.2 Dental Implants 4.8.3 Regenerative Dentistry References Chapter 5 Dental Materials in the Digital Age 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Materials for CAD-CAM Prosthodontics 5.2.1 Ceramics 5.2.2 Common Processing Methods 5.2.3 Polymers 5.2.4 Common Processing Methods 5.2.5 Metal Alloys 5.2.6 Common Processing Methods 5.2.7 Reasons for Selection 5.2.8 Esthetics 5.2.9 Anticipated Stress or Forces 5.2.10 Mechanical Properties 5.2.11 Available Space 5.2.12 Wear Resistance 5.2.13 Survival Rate 5.3 Manufacturing Considerations for CAD-CAM Dental Materials 5.3.1 Subtractive Manufacturing of Dental Ceramics 5.3.1.2 Margin Offset 5.3.1.3 Milling Tools and Tool Diameter Compensation 5.3.2 Manual Contouring 5.3.3 Heat Treatment 5.3.3.1 Heat Treatment of Lithium Disilicate Restorations 5.3.3.2 Heat Treatment of Zirconia Restorations 5.3.4 Ceramic Veneering and Finishing 5.3.4.2 Zirconia 5.3.5 Additive Manufacturing of Dental Ceramics 5.3.6 Subtractive Manufacturing of Polymers 5.3.6.2 Composite Resin & Hybrid resin-ceramic 5.3.7 Additive Manufacturing of Polymers 5.3.8 Subtractive Manufacturing of Metal Alloys 5.3.9 Additive Manufacturing of Metal Alloys 5.4 Summary References Chapter 6 Clinical Applications of Digital Technology in Fixed Prosthodontics 6.1 History of Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing Technology in Fixed Prosthodontics 6.2 Current State of Computer-Aided Restorations in Fixed Prosthodontics 6.3 Factors Impacting The Quality of CAD/CAM Fixed Dental Prostheses 6.3.1 Tooth Preparation 6.3.2 Optical Scanners 6.3.3 Computer-Aided Design 6.3.4 Computer-Aided Manufacturing 6.4 Materials Used for CAD/CAM Fixed Dental Prostheses 6.4.1 Die Materials 6.4.2 Pattern Materials 6.4.3 Restorative Materials 6.5 CAD/CAM Fixed Dental Prostheses 6.5.1 Optical Scanners in Fixed Prosthodontics 6.5.2 CAD Software in Fixed Prosthodontics 6.5.3 Production in Fixed Prosthodontics 6.5.4 CAD/CAM Single Crowns 6.5.5 CAD/CAM Partial Fixed Dental Prostheses 6.6 Summary Acknowledgments References Chapter 7 Clinical Applications of Digital Dental Technology in Removable Prosthodontics 7.1 Introduction 7.1.1 History of Complete Dentures and the Development of CAD/CAM Technology 7.1.2 Advantages of CAD/CAM Dentures 7.1.3 Disadvantages of CAD/CAM Dentures 7.2 Techniques Available for Fabricating CAD/CAM Complete Dentures 7.3 AvaDent® Digital Dentures 7.3.1 Step-by-Step Procedures for the Fabrication of Complete Dentures Using the AvaDent® System 7.3.2 AvaDent Conversion Denture for Immediate Loading of a Complete Arch Implant Prosthesis 7.3.3 Clinical Procedures 7.3.4 Technique Description for the Fabrication of a Digital Definitive Fixed Complete Denture 7.3.5 Laboratory Phase 7.3.6 Placement of Definitive Maxillary Denture and Mandibular Fixed CD 7.4 The Ivoclar Digital Denture™ 7.4.1 Traditional Wax-Rim Bite 7.4.2 Impressions and Bite Registration in Existing Dentures 7.4.3 Direct to Try-in Workflow 7.4.4 Biofunctional Prosthetic System Workflow 7.4.5 Clinical Try-in Appointment 7.4.6 Definitive Denture Placement Appointment 7.4.7 Dentca™ CAD/CAM Dentures 7.4.8 Laboratory Procedures 7.4.9 Second Appointment 7.5 Amann Girrbach® AG 7.5.1 The Ceramill® Full Denture System 7.6 VITA VIONIC® 7.6.1 Baltic Denture System 7.6.2 Dentsply Dentures References Chapter 8 Clinical Applications of Digital Dental Technology in Removable Partial Prosthodontics 8.1 Introduction 8.2 A Brief Historical Perspective 8.3 Introduction of CAD/CAM Technologies 8.4 Subtractive Manufacturing Technology for RPD Frameworks 8.5 Additive Manufacturing Technology for RPD Frameworks 8.6 RPD Framework Fit Assessment 8.6.1 Advantages of CAD/CAM Methods for Fabricating RPD Frameworks 8.6.2 Disadvantages of CAD/CAM Methods for Fabricating RPD Frameworks Acknowledgments References Chapter 9 Clinical Applications of Digital Dental Technology in Implant Surgery: Computer-Aided Implant Surgery 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Prosthetically Driven 3D Implant Positioning 9.3 Computer-Aided Implant Planning 9.4 Computer-Aided Implant Surgery 9.5 Static Computer-Aided Implant Surgery and Guides 9.5.1 Surgical Template Fixation Methods 9.5.2 Fabrication Methods 9.6 CAD/CAM Fabrication of Surgical Guides 9.6.1 Stereolithographic Surgical Guides 9.6.2 Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing) of Guides 9.6.3 Workflows for Static Computer-Aided Implant Placement 9.6.4 Partially Edentulous Arches (Single and Multiple Missing Teeth) 9.6.5 Completely Edentulous Arches 9.7 Workflows for Dynamic Computer-Aided Implant Surgery 9.7.1 Human-Controlled Dynamic Computer-Aided Implant Placement 9.8 Robot-Assisted Implant Placement (Haptic Guidance) 9.9 Static Versus Dynamic Computer-Aided Implant Surgery 9.9.1 Effectiveness of Computer-Aided Implant Surgery 9.9.2 Accuracy 9.9.3 Influencing Factors 9.9.4 Guide-Related Factors 9.9.5 Software-Related Factors 9.9.6 Operator-Related Factors; Experience 9.9.7 Patient-Related Factors 9.9.8 Possible Complications 9.10 Clinical Applications of Computer-Aided Implant Surgery 9.10.1 Morbidity and Efficiency of Minimally Invasive Implant Surgery 9.10.2 Immediate Provisionalization or Custom Healing Abutments for Single Implant Placement 9.10.3 Computer-Aided Implant Surgery and Immediate Loading for Full-Arch Rehabilitations 9.11 Future Directions 9.12 Summary Acknowledgments References Chapter 10 Clinical Applications of Digital Dental Technology in Implant Prosthodontics 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Implant Abutments 10.2.1 Prefabricated Abutments 10.2.2 Custom Abutments 10.3 CAD/CAM Abutment Design 10.4 ATLANTIS Abutments 10.5 NobelProcera Abutments 10.6 BellaTek Encode System 10.6.1 Abutment Design Considerations for Full-Arch Implant Prosthesis 10.7 Summary References Chapter 11 Virtual Articulators 11.1 Traditional Mechanical Articulator 11.2 Virtual Articulator 11.2.1 Need for Virtual Articulators 11.2.2 History of Virtual Articulators 11.3 Virtual Articulation 11.3.1 Brief Overview of Clinical Procedures 11.3.2 Digital Data Acquisition 11.3.3 Intraoral Scans 11.3.4 Facial Scan 11.3.5 CBCT Scans 11.3.6 Virtual Interocclusal Records 11.3.7 Virtual Facebow 11.3.8 Fabrication of Facial Scan Appliance 11.3.9 Data Collection and Registration of Facial Scans 11.3.10 Virtual Articulation 11.4 Conclusions References Chapter 12 Digital Applications in Endodontics 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Digital Diagnostic Technologies 12.2.1 Pulp Vitality Versus Sensibility Testing 12.2.2 Allodynia Measuring Device 12.2.3 Optical Coherence Tomography 12.2.4 Cone Beam Computed Tomography 12.2.5 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 12.2.6 Ultrasound Real-Time Imaging of Periapical Lesions 12.3 Electronic Technologies in Local Anesthesia 12.4 Digital Technologies in Root Canal Treatment 12.4.1 Magnification Technologies: Microscopes, Videoscopes, and Endoscopes 12.4.2 Sonic, Ultrasonic, and Multisonic Technologies 12.4.3 Root Canal Instrumentation: Rotary and Reciprocating Files 12.4.4 Root Canal Obturation 12.4.5 Down Pack Technologies 12.4.6 Thermoplasticized Gutta Percha 12.4.7 Carrier-Based Technologies 12.5 Guided Approaches for Surgical and Non-surgical Endodontic Treatment 12.6 Artificial Intelligence in Endodontics References Chapter 13 Clinical Applications of Digital Dental Technology in Orthodontics 13.1 Introduction 13.2 History 13.2.1 Diagnosis and Treatment Plan 13.3 Imaging 13.3.1 Penetrating Imaging 13.4 Cone Beam Computed Tomography Dosage 13.4.1 Surface Imaging 13.5 Treatment 13.5.1 Fixed Appliances 13.6 Removable Appliances and Aligners 13.6.1 Removable Appliances 13.6.2 Clear Aligners 13.7 Office Management 13.7.1 Software Management 13.7.2 Three-Dimensional Printing 13.7.3 Model Printing for Plastic Retainer Fabrication and for Record Documentation 13.7.4 Model Printing for Fabrication of Limited Clear Aligner Series 13.7.5 Model Printing for Fabrication of Full Series of Aligner, Plastic Retainers for Indirect Bonding, and Other Complex Procedures 13.7.6 Teledentistry 13.7.7 Teledentistry for Orthodontics (TeleOrtho) 13.7.8 Laboratory Procedures 13.7.9 Appliance Fabrication 13.8 Summary References Chapter 14 Clinical Applications of Digital Dental Technology in Maxillofacial Prosthodontics 14.1 Introduction 14.1.1 Conventional Maxillofacial Prosthetics Workflow 14.2 Digital Maxillofacial Prosthetics Workflow 14.3 Defect Digital Acquisition and Virtual Reproduction 14.4 Digital Defect Visualization and Reconstruction Design 14.5 Digital Scan Visualization 14.6 Digital Rehabilitation 14.7 Digital Skin Tone Reproduction 14.8 Digital Prosthesis Manufacture 14.9 Summary References Chapter 15 Clinical Applications of Digital Dental Technology in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Types of Digital Data 15.3 Digital Imaging 15.4 Optical Scans 15.5 Clinical Applications 15.5.1 Dentoalveolar Surgery 15.5.2 Maxillofacial Pathology and Reconstruction 15.5.3 Orthognathic Surgery 15.5.4 Facial Esthetic Surgery 15.5.5 Temporomandibular Disorders 15.5.6 Maxillofacial Trauma 15.5.7 Maxillofacial Prosthetics 15.5.8 Navigation in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 15.5.9 Robotic Maxillofacial Surgery 15.6 Summary References Index EULA