Atlas of Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia

Description

Step-by-step videos and images, board-style review questions, and coverage of new blocks make this highly respected title a must-have reference for clinical practice. Written by Andrew T. Gray, MD, PhD, one of the pioneers of the use of ultrasound to guide needle placement, Atlas of Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia, 3rd Edition, shows you how to safely and effectively use the latest methods and applications of this technique. Key Features Board-style review questions found on the Expert Consult eBook version test your knowledge and help you prepare for the ABA exam. Helps ensure correct needle placement with numerous 3-D and long-axis views that clearly depict surrounding structures. Front Matter Copyright Page Dedication Preface Contributors Video Contents Section 1: Introduction to Ultrasound Imaging 1 Ultrasound Abstract Keywords Reference 2 Speed of Sound Abstract Keywords References 3 Attenuation Abstract Keywords Reference 4 Reflection Abstract Keywords References 5 Beam Width (Slice Thickness) Abstract Keywords References 6 Anisotropy Abstract Keywords References 7 Spatial Compound Imaging Abstract Keywords Reference 8 Doppler Imaging Abstract Keywords References 9 Ultrasound Transducers Abstract Keywords Reference 10 Transducer Manipulation References 11 Needle Imaging Abstract Keywords Insertion Angle (Angle of Insonation) Needle Gauge Bevel Orientation Receiver Gain Needle Motion and Test Injections Echogenic Modifications Spatial Compound Imaging References 12 Approach and Techniques Abstract Keywords Offline Markings Online Guidance Out-of-Plane Approach In-Plane Approach Needle Redirection During in-Plane Technique References 13 Sonographic Signs of Successful Injections Abstract Keywords Reference 14 Ultrasound-Guided Continuous Peripheral Nerve Blocks Introduction Suggested Technique Discussion References 15 Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Abstract Keywords References Section 2: Structures 16 Anatomic Structures Abstract Keywords Reference 17 Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Abstract Keywords References 18 Peripheral Nerves Abstract Keywords References 19 Muscle Abstract Keywords References 20 Tendons and Ligaments Abstract Keywords References 21 Arteries Abstract Keywords 22 Veins Abstract Keywords References 23 Bone Abstract Keywords Reference 24 Pleura Abstract Keywords References 25 Peritoneum Abstract Keywords References 26 Lymph Nodes Abstract Keywords Section 3: Upper Extremity Blocks 27 Supraclavicular Nerve Block Abstract Keywords Suggested Technique References 28 Interscalene and Supraclavicular Blocks Abstract Keywords Sonoanatomy of the Posterior Cervical Triangle Anatomic Variation Suggested Technique References 29 Phrenic Nerve Imaging Abstract Keywords References 30 Dorsal Scapular Nerve Imaging Abstract Keywords References 31 Suprascapular Nerve Block (Anterior Approach above the Clavicle) Abstract Keywords Limitations to Traditional Approach to Blocks at the Suprascapular Notch Suggested Technique Selectivity Clinical Assessment References 32 Infraclavicular Block Abstract Keywords Suggested Technique Comments References 33 Axillary Block Abstract Keywords Suggested Technique References 34 Musculocutaneous Nerve Block Abstract Keywords Suggested Technique References 35 Forearm Blocks Abstract Keywords References 36 Radial Nerve Block Abstract Keywords Suggested Technique Neurologic Assessment References 37 Median Nerve Block Abstract Keywords Suggested Technique Neurologic Assessment References 38 Ulnar Nerve Block Abstract Keywords Suggested Technique Neurologic Assessment References Section 4: Lower Extremity Blocks 39 Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Block Abstract Keywords Suggested Technique References 40 Fascia Iliaca Block Abstract Keywords Suggested Technique References 41 Femoral Nerve Block Abstract Keywords Suggested Technique References 42 Adductor Canal Block Abstract Keywords Suggested Technique Quadriceps Weakness References 43 Obturator Nerve Block Abstract Keywords Suggested Technique References 44 Sciatic Nerve Block Abstract Keywords Suggested Technique References 45 Anterior Sciatic Nerve Block Abstract Keywords Suggested Technique References 46 Popliteal Block Abstract Keywords Suggested Technique References 47 Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Block Abstract Keywords Suggested Technique Proximal Block of the Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (Subgluteal Region) Neurologic Assessment Distal Block of the Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (Popliteal Region) References 48 Ankle Blocks Abstract Keywords References 49 Saphenous Nerve Block in the Leg Abstract Keywords Suggested Technique References 50 Deep Peroneal Nerve Block Abstract Keywords Suggested Technique References 51 Superficial Peroneal Nerve Block Abstract Keyword Suggested Technique References 52 Sural Nerve Block Abstract Keywords Suggested Technique References 53 Tibial Nerve Block Abstract Keywords Suggested Technique References Section 5: Trunk Blocks 54 Intercostal Nerve Block Abstract Keywords Suggested Technique References 55 Pectoral Nerve Block (the Pecs Block) Abstract Keywords Suggested Technique Neurologic Assessment of Block Relation With Other Blocks References 56 Transversus Thoracis Muscular Plane Block Abstract Keywords The Transversus Thoracis Muscle Internal Mammary Vessels Suggested Technique Anatomic Considerations Anatomic Variation References 57 Rectus Sheath Block Abstract Keywords Suggested Technique References 58 Ilioinguinal and Iliohypogastric Nerve Blocks Abstract Keywords Suggested Technique References 59 Transversus Abdominis Plane Blocks Anatomic Background Indications and Contraindications for the Procedure Suggested Technique Subcostal Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Ilioinguinal Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Continuous Catheter Transversus Abdominis Plane Blocks Pharmacokinetics Discussion and Comments Lateral Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Laparoscopic Surgery References 60 Quadratus Lumborum Blocks Abstract: Keywords Clinical Anatomy/Sonoanatomy Nomenclature and Points of Injection 1-Lateral Quadratus Lumborum (QLB1) 2-Posterior Quadratus Lumborum (Qlb2 Block) 3-Anterior Quadratus Lumborum (Qlb3, or Transmuscular QLB, Transmuscular Quadratus Lumborum Block) Patient Positioning and Equipment Selection Ultrasound Probe Patient Position Acknowledgments References 61 Thoracic Paravertebral Block Abstract Keywords Introduction Gross Anatomy Communications of the Thoracic Paravertebral Space Mechanism of Blockade Thoracic Paravertebral Block—Anatomical Landmark Based Techniques Ultrasound-Guided Thoracic Paravertebral Block Sonoanatomy Relevant for Thoracic Paravertebral Block Basic Considerations Transverse Scan of the Thoracic Paravertebral Region Sagittal Scan of the Thoracic Paravertebral Region Three Dimensional Sonoanatomy of the Thoracic Paravertebral Region Techniques of Ultrasound-Guided Thoracic Paravertebral Block Transverse Scan With Short-Axis Needle Insertion (Technique 1) Paramedian Sagittal Scan With in-Plane Needle Insertion (Technique 2) Intercostal Approach to the Thoracic Paravertebral Space (Technique 3) Conclusion Acknowledgments References 62 Pudendal Nerve Block in Children Abstract Keywords Introduction Suggested Technique Discussion and Comments References 63 Neuraxial Block Abstract Keywords Introduction Suggested Technique for Offline Lumbar Epidural Catheter Placement Comments Skin Markings Level Estimation High-Resolution Ultrasound Imaging of the Neuraxis Outcomes References 64 Caudal Epidural Block Abstract Keywords Suggested Technique References Section 6: Head and Neck Blocks 65 Supraorbital Nerve Block Abstract Keywords Suggested Technique Comments Incomplete Block Hematoma and Swelling Motor Block of Facial Muscles References 66 Mental Nerve Block Abstract Keywords Suggested Technique References 67 Superior Laryngeal Nerve Block Abstract Keywords Suggested Technique References 68 Transtracheal Block Abstract Keywords Identification of the Cricothyroid Membrane Suggested Technique Anatomic Variation References 69 Greater Occipital Nerve Block Abstract Keywords Suggested Technique Discussion and Comments References 70 Lesser Occipital Nerve Block Abstract Keywords Suggested Technique References 71 Great Auricular Nerve Block Abstract: Keywords Suggested Technique References 72 Cervical Plexus Block Abstract Keywords Introduction Anatomic Background Indications and Contraindications Suggested Technique Nomenclature of Cervical Plexus Blocks Ultrasound Guidance Sonographic Landmarks Choice of Blocking Technique Suggested Technique (Intermediate Cervical Plexus Block) Discussion Current Debates and Limitations References 73 Stellate Ganglion Block (Cervicothoracic Sympathetic Ganglion Block) Abstract Keywords Anatomic Structures to Be Identified for Stellate Ganglion Block Esophagus Inferior Thyroid Artery Vertebral Artery and Vein Anterior and Posterior Tubercles Phrenic Nerve Longus Colli Muscle Approach and Suggested Technique References Section 7: Safety Issues 74 Safety: Practical Techniques to Prevent Complications During Ultrasound-Guided Nerve Blocks Vascular Complications Practical Suggestions for Reducing the Risk of Vascular Trauma Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity Incidence and Risk Factors for Last Practical Suggestions for Reducing the Risk of Last Neurological Complications Associated With Peripheral Nerve Blockade Incidence of Peripheral Nerve Injury Due to Peripheral Nerve Block Microanatomy of the Peripheral Nerve and Relevance to Nerve Injury Practical Suggestions for Reducing Risk of Neurologic Complications Including Avoiding Intraneural Trauma Respiratory Complications Practical Suggestions for Reducing Risk of Phrenic Nerve Block and Hemi-Diaphragmatic Paralysis Practical Suggestions for Reducing Risk of Pneumothorax Other Considerations Other Complications References 75 Regional Anesthesia in Resource-Constrained Environments Abstract Keywords Introduction Technique Selection and Preferred Blocks Equipment Challenges Challenges With Consumables Ultrasound Gel Transducer Covers Medications Needles Training and Staffing Ethics and Safety of Regional US in LMICs References Appendices Appendix 1 Self-Assessment Questions: Text Answers to Text Questions Appendix 2 Self-Assessment Questions: Images Answers to Image Questions Appendix 3 Advanced Self-Assessment Questions: Text Answers to Text Questions Appendix 4 Advanced Self-Assessment Questions: Images Answers to Image Questions Index A B C D E F G H I L M N O P Q R S T U V W