Transitive Nouns and Adjectives: Evidence from Early Indo-Aryan: 25

Description

This book explores the wealth of evidence from early Indo-Aryan for the existence of transitive nouns and adjectives, a rare linguistic phenomenon which, according to some categorizations of word classes, should not occur. John Lowe shows that most transitive nouns and adjectives attested in early Indo-Aryan cannot be analysed as a type of non-finite verb category, but must be acknowledged as a distinct constructional type. The volume provides a detailed introduction to transitivity (verbal and adpositional), the categories of agent and action noun, and to early Indo-Aryan. Four periods of early Indo-Aryan are selected for study: Rigvedic Sanskrit, the earliest Indo-Aryan; Vedic Prose, a slightly later form of Sanskrit; Epic Sanskrit, a form of Sanskrit close to the standardized 'Classical' Sanskrit; and Pali, the early Middle Indo-Aryan language of the Buddhist scriptures. John Lowe shows that while each linguistic stage is different, there are shared features of transitive nouns and adjectives which apply throughout the history of early Indo-Aryan. The data is set in the wider historical context, from Proto-Indo-European to Modern Indo-Aryan, and a formal linguistic analysis of transitive nouns and adjectives is provided in the framework of Lexical-Functional Grammar. Cover Transitive Nouns and Adjectives: Evidence from Early Indo-Aryan Copyright Contents Series preface Acknowledgements List of abbreviations 1: Introduction 1.1 Transitivity 1.1.1 The theoretical problem 1.1.2 Lexical-Functional Grammar 1.1.3 Defining transitivity 1.1.4 Transitivity in early Indo-Aryan 1.2 Subject- and situation-oriented nouns, and non-finite verb forms 1.2.1 Typology 1.2.2 Early Indo-Aryan 1.2.3 Formal analysis 1.3 Transitive nouns and adjectives 1.4 Early Indo-Aryan 1.4.1 Rigvedic Sanskrit 1.4.2 Vedic Prose 1.4.3 Epic Sanskrit 1.4.4 P¯ali 2: Rigvedic Sanskrit 2.1: Stems in -(¯ı)yas-/-is.t.ha- 2.2 Reduplicated stems in -i- 2.3 Formations in -nú- 2.3.1 Stems in -(i)tnú-/-(i)snú- 2.3.2 Participles extended by -nú- 2.4 Root nouns 2.5 Stems in -áni- 2.6 Stems in -a- 2.7 Stems in -ín- 2.8 Combined figures for smaller categories 2.9 Stems in -tr. - 2.10 Isolated forms 2.11 Statistics for subject-oriented formations 2.12 Situation-oriented nouns 2.13 Adpositional forms 2.14 Conclusion 3: Vedic Prose 3.1 Linguistic developments in Vedic Prose 3.2 -tr. - 3.3 -ín- 3.4 -uka- 3.5 -snú- 3.6 Isolated forms 3.6.1 -van- 3.6.2 Desiderative -u- 3.6.3 Adpositional forms 3.6.4 Situation-oriented nouns 3.7 Conclusion 4: Epic Sanskrit 4.1 Linguistic developments in Epic Sanskrit 4.2 -tr. - 4.3 Desiderative -u- 4.4 -in- 4.5 -aka- 4.6 -(i)snu- 4.7 anuvrata- 4.8 arha- 4.9 Subject-oriented data 4.10 Past participles 4.11 Situation-oriented nouns 4.11.1 Desiderative -¯a- 4.11.2 p¯uj¯a- 4.11.3 -ana- 4.12 Adpositional forms 4.13 Conclusion 5: P¯ali 5.1 Linguistic features of P¯ali 5.2 -tar- 5.3 -aka- 5.4 -in- 5.5 -ana- 5.6 Other forms 5.7 Conclusion 6: Diachrony 6.1 Pre-Indo-Aryan developments 6.2 Developments within early Indo-Aryan 6.3 Comparison with P¯an. ini 6.4 Late middle to modern Indo-Aryan 6.5 Conclusion 7: Typological and theoretical implications 7.1 Typological implications 7.2 Theoretical implications 7.3 Conclusion Appendix: Data lists A.1 Rigveda A.2 Vedic Prose A.3 Epic Sanskrit A.4 P¯ali References Index locorum Index auctorum Index verborum Subject index