The Extreme Right in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, 1890-1939

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Contents Acknowledgments Abbreviations Introduction Part 1: Antecedents, 1890-1914 1 Chile: The Decline of a Manly People Nationalism, Antiliberalism, and Race Nativism Opposition to Labor Conservatives, the Church, and Women Conclusion 2 A Polluted Argentina Nativism Opposition to Labor Cultural Nationalism The Church, Women, and Social Reform The Military and the Ligas Conclusion 3 Brazil: A Fractured Republic Prado and Monarchism Nativism and Nationalism Positivism The Church and Women Opposition to Labor Race Alberto Torres The Military Conclusion 4 Conclusion Part 2: The Era of the Ligas: World War I to the Mid-1920s 5 Chile: Defending the Fatherland Border Tensions, Labor, and the Ligas Left Versus Right Labor, the Elite, and President Alessandri The Military The Church and Women Conclusion 6 Argentinizing Labor Laborers, Vigilantes, and the Military *The Liga Patriótica Argentina *Women in the LPA The LPÄs Base and Relations with the Government Liguistas Against Workers Gender and the LPA Conclusion 7 Against Anarchism: Brazilian Nationalism Economy, War, and National Defense The Ligas Gender and the ASN Catholic Authoritarianism Antisemitism Intellectual Trends Conclusion 8 Conclusion Part 3: The Era of Fascism: The Late 1920s to 1939 9 Chile: Socialism for the Twentieth Century Milicia Republicana Politics and the Nacista “Revolution” Composition of the MNS The Alternative to the Left Women and Nacismo The Moderate Right Turns Against the MNS The Nad Shift to the Left The Military, the Putsch, and Its Results Conclusion 10 Argentina: For Fatherland, Labor, and Social Justice Nacionalismo and the Struggle Against Yrigoyen Nacionalismo and the Uriburu Regime Nacionalista Social Composition Nacionalismo and the Political System Under Justo The Alternative to the Left The Popularization of Nacionalismo Gender and Nacionalismo The Nacionalista Base Among Civilians and Officers The Church and Nacionalismo Fascism and Nacionalismo 11 Brazil: A Revolution of the Heart and Soul The Revolution of 1930 and the Rise of the AIB Popularizing the AIB The AIB and the Political System The AIB’s Alternative to the Left Antisemitism The AIB and Other Ethnic and National Groups The AIB’s Membership Gender and the AIB Relations with Other Rightist Groups and Ideologies The AIB and the Political System The AIB and Religion Vargas, the Military, and the Estado Novo Conclusion 12 Conclusion The Legacy The Extreme Right After 1939: Trajectory and Continuity Historical Revisionism Populism The Military The Church A Weighty Legacy Notes Bibliography Index Contents Acknowledgments Abbreviations Introduction Part 1: Antecedents, 1890-1914 1 Chile: The Decline of a Manly People Nationalism, Antiliberalism, and Race Nativism Opposition to Labor Conservatives, the Church, and Women Conclusion 2 A Polluted Argentina Nativism Opposition to Labor Cultural Nationalism The Church, Women, and Social Reform The Military and the Ligas Conclusion 3 Brazil: A Fractured Republic Prado and Monarchism Nativism and Nationalism Positivism The Church and Women Opposition to Labor Race Alberto Torres The Military Conclusion 4 Conclusion Part 2: The Era of the Ligas: World War I to the Mid-1920s 5 Chile: Defending the Fatherland Border Tensions, Labor, and the Ligas Left Versus Right Labor, the Elite, and President Alessandri The Military The Church and Women Conclusion 6 Argentinizing Labor Laborers, Vigilantes, and the Military *The Liga Patriótica Argentina *Women in the LPA The LPÄs Base and Relations with the Government Liguistas Against Workers Gender and the LPA Conclusion 7 Against Anarchism: Brazilian Nationalism Economy, War, and National Defense The Ligas Gender and the ASN Catholic Authoritarianism Antisemitism Intellectual Trends Conclusion 8 Conclusion Part 3: The Era of Fascism: The Late 1920s to 1939 9 Chile: Socialism for the Twentieth Century Milicia Republicana Politics and the Nacista “Revolution” Composition of the MNS The Alternative to the Left Women and Nacismo The Moderate Right Turns Against the MNS The Nad Shift to the Left The Military, the Putsch, and Its Results Conclusion 10 Argentina: For Fatherland, Labor, and Social Justice Nacionalismo and the Struggle Against Yrigoyen Nacionalismo and the Uriburu Regime Nacionalista Social Composition Nacionalismo and the Political System Under Justo The Alternative to the Left The Popularization of Nacionalismo Gender and Nacionalismo The Nacionalista Base Among Civilians and Officers The Church and Nacionalismo Fascism and Nacionalismo 11 Brazil: A Revolution of the Heart and Soul The Revolution of 1930 and the Rise of the AIB Popularizing the AIB The AIB and the Political System The AIB’s Alternative to the Left Antisemitism The AIB and Other Ethnic and National Groups The AIB’s Membership Gender and the AIB Relations with Other Rightist Groups and Ideologies The AIB and the Political System The AIB and Religion Vargas, the Military, and the Estado Novo Conclusion 12 Conclusion The Legacy The Extreme Right After 1939: Trajectory and Continuity Historical Revisionism Populism The Military The Church A Weighty Legacy Notes Bibliography Index Contents Acknowledgments Abbreviations Introduction Part 1: Antecedents, 1890-1914 1 Chile: The Decline of a Manly People Nationalism, Antiliberalism, and Race Nativism Opposition to Labor Conservatives, the Church, and Women Conclusion 2 A Polluted Argentina Nativism Opposition to Labor Cultural Nationalism The Church, Women, and Social Reform The Military and the Ligas Conclusion 3 Brazil: A Fractured Republic Prado and Monarchism Nativism and Nationalism Positivism The Church and Women Opposition to Labor Race Alberto Torres The Military Conclusion 4 Conclusion Part 2: The Era of the Ligas: World War I to the Mid-1920s 5 Chile: Defending the Fatherland Border Tensions, Labor, and the Ligas Left Versus Right Labor, the Elite, and President Alessandri The Military The Church and Women Conclusion 6 Argentinizing Labor Laborers, Vigilantes, and the Military *The Liga Patriótica Argentina *Women in the LPA The LPÄs Base and Relations with the Government Liguistas Against Workers Gender and the LPA Conclusion 7 Against Anarchism: Brazilian Nationalism Economy, War, and National Defense The Ligas Gender and the ASN Catholic Authoritarianism Antisemitism Intellectual Trends Conclusion 8 Conclusion Part 3: The Era of Fascism: The Late 1920s to 1939 9 Chile: Socialism for the Twentieth Century Milicia Republicana Politics and the Nacista “Revolution” Composition of the MNS The Alternative to the Left Women and Nacismo The Moderate Right Turns Against the MNS The Nad Shift to the Left The Military, the Putsch, and Its Results Conclusion 10 Argentina: For Fatherland, Labor, and Social Justice Nacionalismo and the Struggle Against Yrigoyen Nacionalismo and the Uriburu Regime Nacionalista Social Composition Nacionalismo and the Political System Under Justo The Alternative to the Left The Popularization of Nacionalismo Gender and Nacionalismo The Nacionalista Base Among Civilians and Officers The Church and Nacionalismo Fascism and Nacionalismo 11 Brazil: A Revolution of the Heart and Soul The Revolution of 1930 and the Rise of the AIB Popularizing the AIB The AIB and the Political System The AIB’s Alternative to the Left Antisemitism The AIB and Other Ethnic and National Groups The AIB’s Membership Gender and the AIB Relations with Other Rightist Groups and Ideologies The AIB and the Political System The AIB and Religion Vargas, the Military, and the Estado Novo Conclusion 12 Conclusion The Legacy The Extreme Right After 1939: Trajectory and Continuity Historical Revisionism Populism The Military The Church A Weighty Legacy Notes Bibliography Index