Enquiry Concerning Political Justice

Description

Title Page Contents About the Authors Introduction A Note to the Reader A Note on the Text Enquiry Concerning Political Justice and its Influence on Morals and Happiness Prefaces Summary of Principles Book I: Of the Powers of Man Considered in his Social Capacity I: Introduction II: History of Political Society III: Spirit of Political Institutions IV: The Characters of Men Originate in their External Circumstances V: The Voluntary Actions of Men Originate in their Opinions VI: Of the Influence of Climate VII: Of the Influence of Luxury VIII: Human Inventions Susceptible of Perpetual Improvement Book II: Principles of Society I: Introduction II: Of Justice Appendix I: Of Suicide Appendix II: Of Duelling III: Of the Equality of Mankind IV: Of Personal Virtue and Duty V: Of Rights VI: Of the Right of Private Judgement Book III: Principles of Government I: Systems of Political Writers II: Of the Social Contract III: Of Promises IV: Of Political Authority V: Of Legislation VI: Of Obedience VII: Of Forms of Government Book IV: of the Operation of Opinion in Societies and Individuals I: Of Resistance II: Of Revolutions III: Of Political Associations IV: Of Tyrannicide V: Of the Cultivation of Truth Appendix: Of the Connection between Understanding and Virtue VI: Of Sincerity Appendix I: Illustrations of Sincerity Appendix II: Of the Mode of Excluding Visitors VII: Of Free Will and Necessity VIII: Inferences from the Doctrine of Necessity IX: Of the Mechanism of the Human Mind X: Of Self-love and Benevolence XI: Of Good and Evil Book V: Of Legislative and Executive Power I: Introduction II: Of Education, the Education of a Prince III: Private Life of a Prince IV: Of a Virtuous Despotism V: Of Courts and Ministers VI: Of Subjects VII: Of Elective Monarchy VIII: Of Limited Monarchy IX: Of a President with Regal Powers X: Of Hereditary Distinction XI: Moral Effects of Aristocracy XII: Of Titles XIII: Of the Aristocratical Character XIV: Of the General Features of Democracy XV: Of Political Imposture XVI: Of the Causes of War XVII: Of the Object of War XVIII: Of the Conduct of War XIX: Of Military Establishments and Treaties XX: Of Democracy as Connected with the Transactions of War XXI: Of the Composition of Government XXII: Of the Future History of Political Societies XXIII: Of National Assemblies XXIV: Of the Dissolution of Government Book VI: Of Opinion Considered as a Subject of Political Institution I: General Effects of the Political Superintendence of Opinion II: Of Religious Establishments III: Of the Suppression of Erroneous Opinions in Religion and Government IV: Of Tests V: Of Oaths VI: Of Libels VII: Of Constitutions VIII: Of National Education IX: Of Pensions and Salaries X: Of the Modes of Deciding a Question on the Part of the Community Book VII: Of Crimes and Punishments I: Limitations of the Doctrine of Punishment which Result from the Principles of Morality II: General Disadvantages of Punishment III: Of the Purposes of Punishment IV: Of the Application of Punishment V: Of Punishment Considered as a Temporary Expedient VI: Scale of Punishment VII: Of Evidence VIII: Of Law IX: Of Pardons Book VIII: Of Property I: Preliminary Observations II: Principles of Property III: Benefits Attendant on a System of Equality IV: Objection to this System from the Frailty of the Human Mind V: Objection to this System from the Question of Permanence VI: Objection to this System from the Allurements of Sloth VII: Objection to this System from the Benefits of Luxury VIII: Objection to this System from the Inflexibility of its Restrictions Appendix: Of Co-operation, Cohabitation and Marriage IX: Objection to this System from the Principle of Population Appendix: Of Health and the Prolongation of Human Life X: Reflections Editor’s Notes Suggestions for Further Reading Follow Penguin Copyright Page Footnotes Introduction Page xi Page xii Page xiii Page xv Page xvi Page xvii Page xviii Page xxi Page xxii Page xxiii Page xxiv Page xxv Page xxvi Page xxvii Page xxviii Page xxix Page xxx Page xxxi Page xxxii Page xxxiii Page xxxv Page xxxvi Page xxxvii Page xxxviii Page xxxix Page xl Page xli Page xlii Page xliii Page xliv Page xlv Page xlvi Page xlvii Page xlviii Page xlix Page l Page li Page lii Page liii Page liv Prefaces Page 5 Page 6 Preface to the Second Edition Page 9 I: Introduction Page 18 Page 19 Page 20 II: History of Political Society Page 24 Page 25 IV: The Characters of Men Originate in their External Circumstances Page 34 Page 35 V: The Voluntary Actions of Men Originate in their Opinions Page 53 Page 54 Page 55 Page 58 Page 60 Page 64 Page 78 VI: Of the Influence of Climate Page 81 Page 83 VIII: Human Inventions Susceptible of Perpetual Improvement Page 89 Page 91 I: Introduction Page 100 Page 101 II: Of Justice Page 104 Page 105 Page 108 III: Of the Equality of Mankind Page 117 IV: Of Personal Virtue and Duty Page 123 Page 125 V: Of Rights Page 130 Page 133 VI: Of the Right of Private Judgement Page 136 II: Of the Social Contract Page 149 Page 150 III: Of Promises Page 152 Page 153 Page 154 Page 159 Page 160 Page 163 IV: Of Political Authority Page 166 Page 167 V: Of Legislation Page 170 VI: Of Obedience Page 174 Page 176 Page 181 Page 182 VII: Of Forms of Government Page 186 I: Of Resistance Page 193 Page 197 II Of Revolutions Page 202 Page 205 Page 207 Page 209 Page 210 Page 212 III: Of Political Associations Page 215 IV: Of Tyrannicide Page 227 V: Of the Cultivation of Truth Page 229 Page 231 Page 233 Appendix: Of the Connection between Understanding and Virtue Page 241 VI: Of Sincerity Page 245 Page 251 Appendix I: Illustrations of Sincerity Page 258 Appendix II: Of the Mode of Excluding Visitors Page 262 VII: Of Free Will and Necessity Page 266 Page 274 Page 277 Page 278 VIII: Inferences from the Doctrine of Necessity Page 281 IX: Of the Mechanism of the Human Mind Page 290 Page 291 Page 292 Page 297 X: Of Self-love and Benevolence Page 304 Page 305 Page 307 Page 308 Page 310 Page 311 Page 312 Page 313 XI: Of Good and Evil Page 317 Page 318 Page 321 Page 327 Page 328 Page 329 I: Introduction Page 335 Page 336 II: Of Education, the Education of a Prince Page 339 Page 346 III: Private Life of a Prince Page 352 Page 353 Page 354 IV: Of a Virtuous Despotism Page 355 Page 358 V: Of Courts and Ministers Page 360 VI: Of Subjects Page 368 Page 369 Page 371 VII: Of Elective Monarchy Page 374 Page 378 VIII: Of Limited Monarchy Page 380 Page 381 X: Of Hereditary Distinction Page 392 Page 393 Page 394 XII: Of Titles Page 402 XIII: Of the Aristocratical Character Page 408 XIV: Of the General Features of Democracy Page 415 Page 416 XV: Of Political Imposture Page 420 Page 422 Page 423 XVI: Of the Causes of War Page 431 Page 433 XVIII: Of the Conduct of War Page 441 XIX: Of Military Establishments and Treaties Page 449 XXI: Of the Composition of Government Page 460 Page 461 XXII: Of the Future History of Political Societies Page 462 Page 463 Page 464 Page 465 Page 466 XXIV: Of the Dissolution of Government Page 474 I: General Effects of the Political Superintendence of Opinion Page 480 Page 481 Page 483 Page 485 Page 486 Page 490 III: Of the Suppression of Erroneous Opinions in Religion and Government Page 498 Page 500 Page 501 Page 502 IV: Of Tests Page 506 Page 507 Page 508 Page 509 VI: Of Libels Page 516 Page 518 Page 519 VII: Of Constitutions Page 528 Page 530 Page 533 Page 534 VIII: Of National Education Page 537 IX: Of Pensions and Salaries Page 542 Page 544 I: Limitations of the Doctrine of Punishment which Result from the Principles of Morality Page 555 Page 556 II: General Disadvantages of Punishment Page 560 Page 561 III: Of the Purposes of Punishment Page 568 Page 570 IV: Of the Application of Punishment Page 574 Page 576 Page 577 V: Of Punishment Considered as a Temporary Expedient Page 582 Page 591 Page 592 VI: Scale of Punishment Page 598 Page 600 VII: Of Evidence Page 603 VIII: Of Law Page 606 Page 608 Page 609 Page 610 Page 611 Page 612 Page 614 I: Preliminary Observations Page 624 Page 625 Page 626 Page 627 Page 628 Page 629 II: Principles of Property Page 631 Page 634 Page 635 Page 636 Page 637 Page 639 Page 640 Page 641 Page 643 III: Benefits Attendant on a System of Equality Page 645 Page 646 Page 648 Page 650 Page 651 Page 652 Page 653 IV: Objection to this System from the Frailty of the Human Mind Page 655 Page 656 Page 657 Page 658 VI: Objection to this System from the Allurements of Sloth Page 667 Page 668 Page 669 VII: Objection to this System from the Benefits of Luxury Page 670 Page 671 Page 672 Appendix: Of Co-operation, Cohabitation and Marriage Page 678 Page 679 Page 681 Page 685 Page 686 IX: Objection to this System from the Principle of Population Page 687 Appendix: Of Health and the Prolongation of Human Life Page 690 Page 691 Page 693 Page 694 Page 695 X: Reflections Page 699 Page 700 Page 701 Page 702 Page 703 Page 704 Page 705 Page 706 Page 709