Novel Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices: Materials, Architectures, and Future Trends

Description

Novel Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices Explore the latest developments in electrochemical energy storage device technology In Novel Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices, an accomplished team of authors delivers a thorough examination of the latest developments in the electrode and cell configurations of lithium-ion batteries and electrochemical capacitors. Several kinds of newly developed devices are introduced, with information about their theoretical bases, materials, fabrication technologies, design considerations, and implementation presented. You’ll learn about the current challenges facing the industry, future research trends likely to capture the imaginations of researchers and professionals working in industry and academia, and still-available opportunities in this fast-moving area. You’ll discover a wide range of new concepts, materials, and technologies that have been developed over the past few decades to advance the technologies of lithium‑ion batteries, electrochemical capacitors, and intelligent devices. Finally, you’ll find solutions to basic research challenges and the technologies applicable to energy storage industries. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to energy conversion and storage, and the history and classification of electrochemical energy storageAn exploration of materials and fabrication of electrochemical energy storage devices, including categories, EDLCSs, pseudocapacitors, and hybrid capacitorsA practical discussion of the theory and characterizations of flexible cells, including their mechanical properties and the limits of conventional architecturesA concise treatment of the materials and fabrication technologies involved in the manufacture of flexible cells Perfect for materials scientists, electrochemists, and solid-state chemists, Novel Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices will also earn a place in the libraries of applied physicists, and engineers in power technology and the electrotechnical industry seeking a one-stop reference for portable and smart electrochemical energy storage devices. Cover Title Page Copyright Contents Preface Abbreviations Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Energy Conversion and Storage: A Global Challenge 1.2 Development History of Electrochemical Energy Storage 1.3 Classification of Electrochemical Energy Storage 1.4 LIBs and ECs: An Appropriate Electrochemical Energy Storage 1.5 Summary and Outlook References Chapter 2 Materials and Fabrication 2.1 Mechanisms and Advantages of LIBs 2.1.1 Principles 2.1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages 2.2 Mechanisms and Advantages of ECs 2.2.1 Categories 2.2.2 EDLCs 2.2.3 Pseudocapacitor 2.2.4 Hybrid Capacitors 2.3 Roadmap of Conventional Materials for LIBs 2.4 Typical Positive Materials for LIBs 2.4.1 LiCoO2 Materials 2.4.2 LiNiO2 and Its Derivatives 2.4.3 LiMn2O4 Material 2.4.4 LiFePO4 Material 2.4.5 Lithium–Manganese‐rich Materials 2.4.6 Commercial Status of Main Positive Materials 2.5 Typical Negative Materials for LIBs 2.5.1 Graphite 2.5.2 Soft and Hard Carbon 2.6 New Materials for LIBs 2.6.1 Nanocarbon Materials 2.6.2 Alloy‐Based Materials 2.6.3 Metal Lithium Negative 2.7 Materials for Conventional ECs 2.7.1 Porous Carbon Materials 2.7.2 Transition Metal Oxides 2.7.3 Conducting Polymers 2.8 Electrolytes and Separators 2.8.1 Electrolytes 2.8.2 Separators 2.9 Evaluation Methods 2.9.1 Evaluation Criteria for LIBs 2.9.2 Theoretical Gravimetric and Volumetric Energy Density 2.9.3 Practical Energy and Power Density of LIBs 2.9.4 Cycle Life 2.9.5 Safety 2.9.6 Evaluation Methods for ECs 2.10 Production Processes for the Fabrication 2.10.1 Design 2.10.2 Mixing, Coating, Calendering, and Winding 2.10.3 Electrolyte Injecting and Formation 2.11 Perspectives References Chapter 3 Flexible Cells: Theory and Characterizations 3.1 Limitations of the Conventional Cells 3.1.1 Mechanical Properties of Conventional Materials 3.1.2 Limitations of Conventional Architectures 3.1.3 Limitations of Electrolytes 3.2 Mechanical Process for Bendable Cells 3.2.1 Effect of Thickness 3.2.2 Effect of Flexible Substrates and Neutral Plane 3.3 Mechanics of Stretchable Cells 3.3.1 Wavy Architectures by Small Deformation Buckling Process 3.3.2 Wavy Architectures by Large Deformation Buckling Process 3.3.3 Island Bridge Architectures 3.4 Static Electrochemical Performance of Flexible Cells 3.5 Dynamic Performance of Flexible Cells 3.5.1 Bending Characterization 3.5.2 Stretching Characterization 3.5.3 Conformability Test 3.5.4 Stress Simulation by Finite Element Analysis 3.5.5 Dynamic Electrochemical Performance During Bending 3.5.6 Dynamic Electrochemical Performance During Stretching 3.6 Summary and Perspectives References Chapter 4 Flexible Cells: Materials and Fabrication Technologies 4.1 Construction Principles of Flexible Cells 4.2 Substrate Materials for Flexible Cells 4.2.1 Polymer Substrates 4.2.2 Paper Substrate 4.2.3 Textile Substrate 4.3 Active Materials for Flexible Cells 4.3.1 CNTs 4.3.2 Graphene 4.3.3 Low‐Dimensional Materials 4.4 Electrolytes for Flexible LIBs 4.4.1 Inorganic Solid‐state Electrolytes for Flexible LIBs 4.4.2 Solid‐state Polymer Electrolytes for Flexible LIBs 4.5 Electrolytes for Flexible ECs 4.6 Nonconductive Substrates‐Based Flexible Cells 4.6.1 Paper‐Based Flexible Cells 4.6.2 Textiles‐Based Flexible Cells 4.6.3 Polymer Substrates‐Based Flexible Cells 4.7 CNT and Graphene‐Based Flexible Cells 4.7.1 Free‐standing Graphene and CNTs Films for SCs 4.7.2 Free‐standing Graphene and CNT Films for LIBs 4.7.3 Flexible CNTs/Graphene Composite Films for the Cells 4.8 Construction of Stretchable Cells by Novel Architectures 4.8.1 Stretchable Cells Based on Wavy Architecture 4.8.2 Stretchable Cells Based on Island‐Bridge Architecture 4.9 Conclusion and Perspectives 4.9.1 Mechanical Performance Improvement 4.9.2 Innovative Architecture for Stretchable Cells 4.9.3 Electrolytes Development 4.9.4 Packaging and Tabs 4.9.5 Integrated Flexible Devices References Chapter 5 Architectures Design for Cells with High Energy Density 5.1 Strategies for High Energy Density Cells 5.2 Gravimetric and Volumetric Energy Density of Electrodes 5.3 Classification of Thick Electrodes: Bulk and Foam Electrodes 5.4 Design and Fabrication of Bulk Electrodes 5.4.1 Advantages of Bulk Electrodes 5.4.2 Low Tortuosity: The Key for Bulk Electrodes 5.5 Characterization and Numerical Simulation of Tortuosity 5.5.1 Characterization of Tortuosity by X‐ray Tomography 5.5.2 Numerical Simulation of Tortuosity on Rates by Commercial Software 5.6 Fabrication Methods for Bulk Electrodes 5.7 Thick Electrodes with Random Pore Structure 5.7.1 Pressure‐less High‐temperature Sintering Process 5.7.2 Cold Sintering Process 5.7.3 Spark Plasma Sintering Technology 5.7.4 Brief Summary for Sintering Technologies 5.8 Thick Electrodes with Directional Pore Distribution 5.8.1 Iterative Extrusion Method 5.8.2 Magnetic‐Induced Alignment Method 5.8.3 Carbonized Wood Template Method 5.8.4 Ice Templates Method 5.8.5 3D‐Printing for Thick Electrodes 5.8.6 Brief Summary for Bulk Electrodes 5.9 Carbon‐Based Foam Electrodes with High Gravimetric Energy Density 5.9.1 Graphene Foam 5.9.2 CNTs Foam 5.9.3 CNT/Graphene Foam 5.10 Carbon‐Based Thick Electrodes 5.10.1 Low Electronic Conductive Material/Carbon Foam 5.10.2 Large Volume Variation Materials/Carbon Foam 5.10.3 Compact Graphene Electrodes 5.10.4 Summary for Carbon Foam Electrodes 5.11 Thick Electrodes Based on the Conductive Polymer Gels 5.12 Summary and Perspectives References Chapter 6 Miniaturized Cells 6.1 Introduction 6.1.1 Definition of the Miniaturized Cells and Their Applications 6.1.2 Classification of Miniaturized Cells 6.1.3 Development Trends of the Miniaturized Cells 6.2 Evaluation Methods for the Miniaturized Cells 6.2.1 Evaluation Methods for Electric Double‐layer m‐ECs 6.2.2 Evaluation methods for m‐LIBs and m‐ECs 6.3 Architectures of Various Miniaturized Cells 6.4 Materials for the Miniaturized Cells 6.4.1 Electrode Materials 6.4.2 Electrolytes for the Miniaturized Cells 6.5 Fabrication Technologies for Miniaturized Cells 6.5.1 Fabrication of Miniaturized Cells with 2D Parallel Plate Configuration 6.6 Fabrication Technologies for 2D Interdigitated Cells 6.7 Printing Technologies for 2D Interdigitated Cells 6.7.1 Advantages of Printing Technologies 6.7.2 Classification of Printing Techniques 6.7.3 Screen Printing for Miniaturized Cells 6.7.4 Inkjet Printing 6.8 Electrochemical Deposition Method for 2D Interdigitated Cells 6.9 Laser Scribing for 2D Interdigitated Cells 6.10 In Situ Electrode Conversion for 2D Interdigitated Cells 6.11 Fabrication Technologies for 3D In‐plane Miniaturized Cells 6.11.1 3D Printing for 3D Interdigitated Configuration Cells 6.11.2 3D Interdigitated Configuration by Electrodeposition 6.12 Fabrication of Miniaturized Cells with 3D Stacked Configuration 6.12.1 3D Stacked Configuration by Template Deposition 6.12.2 3D Stacked Configuration by Microchannel‐Plated Deposition Methods 6.13 Integrated Systems 6.14 Summary and Perspectives References Chapter 7 Smart Cells 7.1 Definition of Smart Materials and Cells 7.1.1 Definition of Smart Cells 7.1.2 Definition of Smart Materials 7.2 Type of Smart Materials 7.2.1 Self‐healing Materials 7.2.2 Shape‐memory Alloys 7.2.3 Thermal‐responding PTC Thermistors 7.2.4 Electrochromic Materials 7.3 Construction of Smart Cells 7.3.1 Self‐healing Silicon Anodes 7.3.2 Aqueous Self‐healing Electrodes 7.3.3 Liquid‐alloy Self‐healing Electrode Materials 7.3.4 Thermal‐responding Layer 7.3.5 Thermal‐responding Electrodes Based on the PTC Effect 7.3.6 Ionic Blocking Effect‐Based Thermal‐responding Electrodes 7.4 Application of Shape‐memory Materials in LIBs and ECs 7.4.1 Self‐adapting Cells 7.4.2 Shape‐memory Alloy‐Based Thermal Regulator 7.5 Self‐heating and Self‐monitoring Designs 7.5.1 Self‐heating 7.5.2 Self‐monitoring 7.6 Integrated Electrochromic Architectures for Energy Storage 7.6.1 Integration Possibilities 7.6.2 Integrated Electrochromic ECs 7.6.3 Integrated Electrochromic LIBs 7.7 Summary and Perspectives References Index EULA