Opposing Fascism: Community, Authority And Resistance In Europe

Description

This innovative volume draws together a series of perspectives on the everyday experience of Europeans in the 'age of fascism'. The contributions go beyond the conventional stereotypes of organized resistance to examine the tensions and ambiguities within the communities, both national and local, that opposed fascism. The authors show that under the pressures of civil conflict, occupation, and even everyday life, motives were rarely as pure and political alignments seldom as straightforward as our reassuring collective memories of fascism and war have led us to believe. The combination of original research and engagement with relevant debates makes this collection invaluable both for researchers in the social and political history of World War II and for students of modern European history. Cover......Page 1 Half-title......Page 2 Title......Page 4 Copyright......Page 5 Contents......Page 6 Contributors......Page 9 Preface......Page 11 I......Page 13 II......Page 14 III......Page 16 IV......Page 18 Introduction......Page 24 The disintegrating army and the rising tide of revolution......Page 25 The hidden army revolt in Belgium......Page 28 The army in revolt and the prospect of civil war in the homeland......Page 31 Dismantling the army: the soldiers’ councils and the crisis in the homeland......Page 36 The soldiers’ and workers’ councils: power without authority......Page 38 Conclusion: from failed revolution to nazism......Page 43 2 Dangerous communities and conservative authority: the judiciary, Nazis and rough people, 1932–1933......Page 45 I......Page 46 II......Page 48 III......Page 51 IV......Page 54 V......Page 59 3 The anti-fascist movement in south-east Lancashire, 1933–1940: the divergent experiences of Manchester and Nelson......Page 60 4 Spain 1936. Resistance and revolution: the flaws in the Front......Page 75 5 The Blueshirts in the Irish Free State, 1932–1935: the nature of socialist republican and governmental opposition......Page 92 6 Town councils of the Nord and Pas-de-Calais region: local power, French power, German power......Page 109 7 Structures of authority in the Greek resistance, 1941–1944......Page 132 From central authority to EAM/ELAS......Page 133 The use of violence......Page 134 Administering the people: resisting the resistance......Page 139 8 Nazi Austria: the limits of dissent......Page 145 9 ‘Homosexual’ men in Vienna, 1938......Page 162 10 ‘The years of consent’? Popular attitudes and resistance to Fascism in Italy, 1925–1940......Page 175 11 Saints and heroines: re-writing the history of Italian women in the Resistance......Page 192 Early days: saints and heroines......Page 195 A legacy of emancipation?......Page 199 The wind of change: feminism in the 1970s......Page 201 ‘Women’s history’ in the 1980s......Page 204 New directions: subjectivity and the war......Page 205 Conclusion......Page 210 INTRODUCTION......Page 211 1 THE GERMAN REVOLUTION DEFEATED AND FASCISM DEFERRED: THE SERVICEMEN’S REVOLT AND SOCIAL DEMOCRACY AT THE END OF THE FIRST…......Page 213 2 DANGEROUS COMMUNITIES AND CONSERVATIVE AUTHORITY: THE JUDICIARY, NAZIS AND ROUGH PEOPLE, 1932–1933......Page 216 3 THE ANTI-FASCIST MOVEMENT IN SOUTH-EAST LANCASHIRE, 1933–1940: THE DIVERGENT EXPERIENCES OF MANCHESTER AND NELSON......Page 223 4 SPAIN 1936. RESISTANCE AND REVOLUTION: THE FLAWS IN THE FRONT......Page 227 5 THE BLUESHIRTS IN THE IRISH FREE STATE, 1932–1935: THE NATURE OF SOCIALIST REPUBLICAN AND GOVERNMENTAL OPPOSITION......Page 231 6 TOWN COUNCILS OF THE NORD AND PAS-DE-CALAIS REGION: LOCAL POWER, FRENCH POWER, GERMAN POWER......Page 233 7 STRUCTURES OF AUTHORITY IN THE GREEK RESISTANCE,1941–1944......Page 236 8 NAZI AUSTRIA: THE LIMITS OF DISSENT......Page 237 9 ‘HOMOSEXUAL’ MENIN VIENNA, 1938......Page 239 10 ‘THE YEARS OF CONSENT’? POPULAR ATTITUDES AND RESISTANCE TO FASCISM IN ITALY, 1925–1940......Page 241 11 SAINTS AND HEROINES: RE-WRITING THE HISTORY OF ITALIAN WOMEN IN THE RESISTANCE......Page 243 Index......Page 249