The South African Herbal Pharmacopoeia: Monographs of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Description

The South African Herbal Pharmacopeia: Monographs of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants is a collection of 25 original monographs of medicinal plants that are currently under commercialization or have the potential for commercialization into herbal medicinal products for the global marketplace. Chapters include a general overview covering synonyms, common names, conservation status, botany, geographical distribution, ethnopharmacology, commercialization, pharmacological evaluation, chemical profiling and quality control, including HPTLC fingerprint analysis, UPLC analysis, gas chromatography and mid-infrared spectroscopy analysis. Academics researching pharmacy and analytical chemistry will benefit from the detailed chemical profile on each species presented. Industrial manufacturers of herbal products, herbal medicines, cosmetics, food supplements, and national and international policymakers and regulators will benefit from the overview provided at the beginning of each chapter. Front Cover The South African Herbal Pharmacopoeia: Monographs of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Copyright Contents Contributors Acknowledgements Introduction 1 The therapeutic properties of plants 1.1 Historical use of plants for holistic health and well-being 1.2 The healing properties of medicinal plants 1.3 Plants as sources of therapeutic compounds for drug development 2 The South African scenario 2.1 Biodiversity and indigenous knowledge 2.2 The regulatory framework of South Africa 2.3 Commercialisation of South African plants 3 Quality control of herbal drugs 3.1 Role of quality control in ensuring safety and efficacy of herbal drugs 3.2 Challenges specific to the quality control of herbal drugs 3.3 Analytical techniques used in the quality control of herbal drugs 3.4 Typical workflow to develop QC methods for herbal drugs 4 The value of monographs and pharmacopoeias 4.1 The concept of monographs and pharmacopoeias 4.2 Towards standardisation of African traditional medicines through monographs References Chapter 1 Adansonia digitata Part A: General overview 1 Synonyms 2 Common name(s) 3 Conservation status 4 Botany 5 Geographical distribution 6 Ethnopharmacology 7 Commercialisation 8 Pharmacological evaluation 8.1 In vitro studies 8.1.1 Antifungal, antibacterial and anti-oxidant activity 8.1.2 Trypanosoma inhibition 8.1.3 Antidiabetic activity 8.1.4 Antiviral and anti-HIV/AIDS activity 8.1.5 Anti-inflammatory activity 8.1.6 Immunomodulating properties 8.1.7 Antimalarial activity 8.1.8 Other activities 8.2 In vivo studies and clinical trials 8.2.1 Antimalarial activity 8.2.2 Antidepressant activity 8.2.3 Analgesic and antipyretic activity 8.2.4 Hepatoprotective properties 8.2.5 Immunomodulating properties 8.2.6 Antidiabetic and anti-oxidative stress effects 8.2.7 Anti-inflammatory activity 8.2.8 Insecticidal activity 8.2.9 Antidiarrhoeal effects 8.2.10 Cardioprotective effects 8.2.11 Food, dietary supplements, nutraceuticals Fruit pulp, seed/kernels Leaves, flowers, roots/tubers Oil cakes 8.2.12 Other activities 8.3 Safety 9 Phytochemistry 9.1 Essential oil 9.2 Seed oil 9.3 Fruit 9.4 Leaves 9.5 Roots Part B: Chemical profiling and quality control 10 Chromatography analysis 10.1 High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint analysis 10.1.1 Fruit pulp analysis 10.1.2 Seed oil analysis 10.2 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis 10.3 Gas chromatography (GC) analysis 11 Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy analysis 11.1 Fruit pulp analysis 11.2 Seed oil analysis References Chapter 2 Agathosma betulina Part A: General overview 1 Synonyms 2 Common name(s) 3 Conservation status 4 Botany 5 Geographical distribution 6 Ethnopharmacology 7 Commercialisation 8 Pharmacological evaluation 8.1 In vitro studies 8.2 In vivo studies and clinical trials 8.3 Safety 9 Phytochemistry 9.1 Volatile constituents 9.2 Non-volatile constituents Part B: Chemical profiling and quality control 10 Chromatography analysis 10.1 High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint analysis 10.1.1 Non-volatile fraction analysis 10.1.2 Essential oil analysis 10.2 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis 10.3 Gas chromatography (GC) analysis 11 Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy analysis 11.1 Powder analysis 11.2 Essential oil analysis References Chapter 3 Aloe ferox Part A: General overview 1 Synonyms 2 Common name(s) 3 Conservation status 4 Botany 5 Geographical distribution 6 Ethnopharmacology 7 Commercialisation 8 Pharmacological evaluation 8.1 In vitro studies 8.1.1 Laxative effects 8.1.2 Skin and wound-healing effects 8.1.3 Anti-oxidant activity 8.1.4 Anti-inflammatory activity 8.1.5 Anticancer activity 8.1.6 Antimicrobial activity 8.1.7 Antimalarial activity 8.1.8 Permeation-enhancing effect 8.1.9 Other activities 8.2 In vivo studies and clinical trials 8.2.1 Laxative effects 8.2.2 Skin, wound-healing and antidiabetic effects 8.2.3 Anti-inflammatory activity 8.2.4 Antimicrobial activity 8.2.5 Permeation-enhancing effects 8.2.6 Other activities 8.3 Safety 9 Phytochemistry 9.1 Volatile constituents 9.2 Non-volatile constituents 9.2.1 Chromones 9.2.2 Anthraquinones and anthrones 9.2.3 Anthrone- C -glycosides 9.2.4 Other phenolic compounds 9.2.5 Miscellaneous compounds Part B: Chemical profiling and quality control 10 Chromatography analysis 10.1 High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint analysis 10.2 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis 11 Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy analysis References Chapter 4 Artemisia afra Part A: General overview 1 Synonyms 2 Common name(s) 3 Conservation status 4 Botany 5 Geographical distribution 6 Ethnopharmacology 7 Commercialisation 8 Pharmacological evaluation 8.1 In vitro studies 8.1.1 Antimicrobial activity 8.1.2 Antimalarial activity 8.1.3 Anti-oxidant activity 8.1.4 Anticancer properties 8.1.5 Anti-HIV and immunomodulating activity 8.1.6 Other activities 8.2 In vivo studies and clinical trials 8.2.1 Cardiovascular activity 8.2.2 Antidiabetic activity 8.2.3 Antimycobacterial activity 8.2.4 Other effects 8.3 Safety 9 Phytochemistry 9.1 Volatile constituents 9.2 Non-volatile constituents Part B: Chemical profiling and quality control 10 Chromatography analysis 10.1 High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint analysis 10.1.1 Non-volatile fraction analysis 10.1.2 Essential oil analysis 10.2 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis 10.3 Gas chromatography (GC) analysis 11 Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy analysis 11.1 Powder analysis 11.2 Essential oil analysis References Chapter 5 Aspalathus linearis Part A: General overview 1 Synonyms 2 Common name(s) 3 Conservation status 4 Botany 5 Geographical distribution 6 Ethnopharmacology 7 Commercialisation 8 Pharmacological evaluation 8.1 In vitro and ex vivo studies 8.1.1 Anti-oxidant activity 8.1.2 Ameliorative effects on risk factors of metabolic syndrome 8.1.3 Antimutagenic, anticlastogenic and anticancer activity 8.1.4 Skin treatment 8.1.5 Immunomodulating effects 8.1.6 Antispasmodic and bronchodilatory activities 8.1.7 Bone health 8.1.8 Male and female reproduction systems 8.1.9 Antiviral and antimicrobial activity 8.1.10 Other effects 8.1.11 Modulation of drug-metabolising enzymes and herb–drug interaction 8.2 In vivo studies and clinical trials 8.2.1 Anti-oxidant properties and oxidative stress 8.2.2 Antimutagenic and anticancer effects 8.2.3 Modulation of metabolic syndrome 8.2.4 Stress 8.2.5 Male and female reproduction systems 8.2.6 Cardioprotective properties 8.2.7 Anti-allergic and immunomodulatory properties 8.2.8 Brain 8.2.9 Tear and saliva secretion 8.2.10 Cosmetics 8.2.11 Other effects 8.2.12 Herb–drug interaction and gene expression of xenobiotic-metabolising enzymes 8.2.13 Bioavailability studies 8.2.14 Non-therapeutic uses 8.3 Safety 9 Phytochemistry 9.1 Volatile constituents 9.2 Non-volatile constituents Part B: Chemical profiling and quality control 10 Chromatography analysis 10.1 High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint analysis 10.2 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis 11 Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy analysis References Chapter 6 Athrixia phylicoides Part A: General overview 1 Synonyms 2 Common name(s) 3 Conservation status 4 Botany 5 Geographical distribution 6 Ethnopharmacology 7 Commercialisation 8 Pharmacological evaluation 8.1 In vitro studies 8.1.1 Anti-oxidant activity 8.1.2 Antimicrobial activity 8.1.3 Antidiabetic activity 8.1.4 Other activities 8.2 In vivo studies 8.3 Safety 9 Phytochemistry 9.1 Volatile constituents 9.2 Non-volatile constituents Part B: Chemical profiling and quality control 10 Chromatography analysis 10.1 High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint analysis 10.2 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis 11 Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy analysis References Chapter 7 Cyclopia genistoides Part A: General overview 1 Synonyms 2 Common name(s) 3 Conservation status 4 Botany 5 Geographical distribution 6 Ethnopharmacology 7 Commercialisation 8 Pharmacological evaluation 8.1 In vitro and ex vivo studies 8.1.1 Anti-oxidant activity 8.1.2 Antimutagenic effects 8.1.3 Phyto-oestrogenic and chemopreventive activities 8.1.4 Anti-obesity activities 8.1.5 Antidiabetic activities 8.1.6 Anti-inflammatory activity 8.1.7 Immunomodulating activity 8.1.8 Other activities 8.2 In vivo studies and clinical trials 8.2.1 Modulation of hepatic drug-metabolising enzymes 8.2.2 Anti-oxidant effects and modulation of oxidative stress 8.2.3 Anti-obesity activities 8.2.4 Antidiabetic activities 8.2.5 UVB skin-protective effects 8.2.6 Phyto-oestrogenic and chemopreventive activities 8.2.7 Anti-allergic properties 8.3 Safety 9 Phytochemistry 9.1 Volatile constituents 9.2 Non-volatile constituents Part B: Chemical profiling and quality control 10 Chromatography analysis 10.1 High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint analysis 10.2 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis 11 Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy analysis References Chapter 8 Eriocephalus punctulatus Part A: General overview 1 Synonyms 2 Common name(s) 3 Conservation status 4 Botany 5 Geographical distribution 6 Ethnopharmacology 7 Commercialisation 8 Pharmacological evaluation 8.1 In vitro studies 8.1.1 Antibacterial and antifungal activity 8.1.2 Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity 8.1.3 Acetylcholinesterase activity 8.2 In vivo studies and clinical trials 8.3 Safety 9 Phytochemistry Part B: Chemical profiling and quality control 10 Chromatography analysis 10.1 High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint analysis 10.2 Gas chromatography (GC) analysis 11 Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy analysis References Chapter 9 Harpagophytum procumbens Part A: General overview 1 Synonyms 2 Common names 3 Conservation status 4 Botany 5 Geographical distribution 6 Ethnopharmacology 7 Commercialisation 8 Pharmacological evaluation 8.1 In vitro studies 8.1.1 Anti-arthritis and anti-inflammatory properties 8.1.2 Antimicrobial and anti-oxidant activity 8.1.3 Central nervous system activity 8.1.4 Other activities 8.2 In vivo studies and clinical trials 8.2.1 Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-arthritis activity 8.2.2 Anti-osteoporotic activity 8.2.3 Antimicrobial and anti-oxidant properties 8.2.4 Antidiabetic and anti-obesity activity 8.2.5 Central nervous system activity 8.2.6 Cardiovascular properties 8.2.7 Other effects 8.3 Safety 9 Phytochemistry 9.1 Non-volatile constituents Part B: Chemical profiling and quality control 10 Chromatography analysis 10.1 High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint analysis 10.2 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis 11 Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy analysis References Chapter 10 Helichrysum odoratissimum Part A: General overview 1 Synonyms 2 Common name(s) 3 Conservation status 4 Botany 5 Geographical distribution 6 Ethnopharmacology 7 Commercialisation 8 Pharmacological evaluation 8.1 In vitro studies 8.2 In vivo studies and clinical trials 8.3 Safety 9 Phytochemistry 9.1 Volatile constituents 9.2 Non-volatile constituents Part B: Chemical profiling and quality control 10 Chromatography analysis 10.1 High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint analysis 10.2 Ultra-performance liquid-chromatography (UPLC) analysis 11 Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy analysis References Chapter 11 Helichrysum petiolare Part A: General overview 1 Synonyms 2 Common name(s) 3 Conservation status 4 Botany 5 Geographical distribution 6 Ethnopharmacology 7 Commercialisation 8 Pharmacological evaluation 8.1 In vitro studies 8.2 In vivo studies and clinical trials 8.3 Safety 9 Phytochemistry 9.1 Volatile constituents 9.2 Non-volatile constituents Part B: Chemical profiling and quality control 10 Chromatography analysis 10.1 High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint analysis 10.2 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis 11 Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy analysis References Chapter 12 Hoodia gordonii Part A: General overview 1 Synonyms 2 Common name(s) 3 Conservation status 4 Botany 5 Geographical distribution 6 Ethnopharmacology 7 Commercialisation 8 Pharmacological evaluation 8.1 In vitro studies 8.1.1 Appetite-suppressant activity 8.1.2 Anti-HIV activity 8.1.3 Other activities 8.2 In vivo studies and clinical trials 8.2.1 Appetite-suppressant properties 8.2.2 Antidepressant properties 8.2.3 Anti-inflammatory properties 8.2.4 Antidiabetic properties 8.2.5 Other properties 8.3 Safety 9 Phytochemistry 9.1 Non-volatile constituents Part B: Chemical profiling and quality control 10 Chromatography analysis 10.1 High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint analysis 10.2 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis 11 Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy analysis References Chapter 13 Hypoxis hemerocallidea Part A: General overview 1 Synonyms 2 Common name(s) 3 Conservation status 4 Botany 5 Geographical distribution 6 Ethnopharmacology 7 Commercialisation 8 Pharmacological evaluation 8.1 In vitro studies 8.2 In vivo studies and clinical trials 8.2.1 Anti-HIV activity 8.2.2 Antidiabetic and cardiovascular effects 8.2.3 Anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating effects 8.2.4 Pharmacokinetics and drug interactions 8.2.5 Other effects 8.3 Safety 9 Phytochemistry 9.1 Non-volatile constituents Part B: Chemical profiling and quality control 10 Chromatography analysis 10.1 High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint analysis 10.2 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis 11 Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy analysis References Chapter 14 Leonotis leonurus Part A: General overview 1 Synonyms 2 Common name(s) 3 Conservation status 4 Botany 5 Geographical distribution 6 Ethnopharmacology 7 Commercialisation 8 Pharmacological evaluation 8.1 In vitro studies 8.2 In vivo studies and clinical trials 8.3 Safety 9 Phytochemistry 9.1 Volatile constituents 9.2 Non-volatile constituents Part B: Chemical profiling and quality control 10 Chromatography analysis 10.1 High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint analysis 10.1.1 Non-volatile fraction analysis 10.1.2 Essential oil analysis 10.2 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis 10.3 Gas chromatography (GC) analysis 11 Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy analysis 11.1 Powder analysis 11.2 Essential oil analysis References Chapter 15 Lessertia frutescens Part A: General overview 1 Synonyms 2 Common name(s) 3 Conservation status 4 Botany 5 Geographical distribution 6 Ethnopharmacology 7 Commercialisation 8 Pharmacological evaluation 8.1 In vitro studies 8.1.1 Anticancer activity 8.1.2 Anti-HIV/AIDS activity 8.1.3 Antidiabetic activity 8.1.4 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities 8.1.5 Antistress activity 8.1.6 Other activities 8.2 In vivo studies and clinical trials 8.2.1 Anticancer activity 8.2.2 Anti-HIV/AIDS activity 8.2.3 Antidiabetic activity 8.2.4 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities 8.2.5 Antistress activity 8.2.6 Other activities 8.3 Safety 9 Phytochemistry 9.1 Non-volatile constituents Part B: Chemical profiling and quality control 10 Chromatography analysis 10.1 High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint analysis 10.2 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis 11 Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy analysis References Chapter 16 Lippia javanica Part A: General overview 1 Synonyms 2 Common name(s) 3 Conservation status 4 Botany 5 Geographical distribution 6 Ethnopharmacology 7 Commercialisation 8 Pharmacological evaluation 8.1 In vitro studies 8.1.1 Insect repellent and antiparasitic activity 8.1.2 Antimicrobial activity 8.1.3 Anti-oxidant activity 8.1.4 Other activities 8.2 In vivo studies and clinical trials 8.3 Safety 9 Phytochemistry 9.1 Volatile constituents 9.2 Non-volatile constituents Part B: Chemical profiling and quality control 10 Chromatography analysis 10.1 High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint analysis 10.1.1 Non-volatile fraction analysis 10.1.2 Essential oil analysis 10.2 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis 10.3 Gas chromatography (GC) analysis 11 Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy analysis 11.1 Powder analysis 11.2 Essential oil analysis References Chapter 17 Mesembryanthemum tortuosum Part A: General overview 1 Synonyms 2 Common name(s) 3 Conservation status 4 Botany 5 Geographical distribution 6 Ethnopharmacology 7 Commercialisation 8 Pharmacological evaluation 8.1 In vitro studies 8.1.1 Central nervous system effects 8.1.2 Anti-inflammatory and immune modulating activity 8.1.3 Pharmacokinetics 8.1.4 Other activities 8.2 In vivo studies and clinical trials 8.2.1 Central nervous system effects 8.3 Safety 9 Phytochemistry 9.1 Non-volatile constituents Part B: Chemical profiling and quality control 10 Chromatography analysis 10.1 High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint analysis 10.2 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis 11 Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy analysis References Chapter 18 Pelargonium graveolens Part A: General overview 1 Synonyms 2 Common name(s) 3 Conservation status 4 Botany 5 Geographical distribution 6 Ethnopharmacology 7 Commercialisation 8 Pharmacological evaluation 8.1 In vitro studies 8.1.1 Antimicrobial activity 8.1.2 Anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity 8.1.3 Anti-oxidant activity 8.1.4 Antiviral activity 8.2 In vivo studies and clinical trials 8.2.1 Wound-healing properties 8.2.2 Anaesthetic properties 8.2.3 Cosmetic properties 8.2.4 Acaricidal and insecticidal properties 8.2.5 Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects 8.2.6 Immunological effects 8.2.7 Antidiabetic properties 8.2.8 Reproductive and spermatogenesis properties 8.2.9 Hepatoprotective effects 8.3 Safety 9 Phytochemistry 9.1 Volatile constituents 9.2 Non-volatile constituents Part B: Chemical profiling and quality control 10 Chromatography analysis 10.1 High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint analysis 10.2 Gas chromatography (GC) analysis 11 Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy analysis References Chapter 19 Pelargonium sidoides Part A: General overview 1 Synonyms 2 Common name(s) 3 Conservation status 4 Botany 5 Geographical distribution 6 Ethnopharmacology 7 Commercialisation 8 Pharmacological evaluation 8.1 In vitro studies 8.1.1 Antibacterial and antifungal activity 8.1.2 Antiproliferative, anticancer and anti-oxidant activity 8.1.3 Immunomodulating properties 8.1.4 Antiviral activity 8.1.5 Antimycobacterial activity 8.1.6 Other properties 8.2 In vivo studies and clinical trials 8.2.1 Colds and influenza 8.2.2 Tonsillo-pharyngitis 8.2.3 Bronchitis and influenza 8.2.4 Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 8.2.5 Anti-inflammatory effects 8.2.6 Immunomodulatory effects 8.2.7 Other properties 8.3 Safety 9 Phytochemistry 9.1 Volatile constituents 9.2 Non-volatile constituents Part B: Chemical profiling and quality control 10 Chromatography analysis 10.1 High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint analysis 10.2 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis 11 Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy analysis References Chapter 20 Prunus african a Part A: General overview 1 Synonyms 2 Common name(s) 3 Conservation status 4 Botany 5 Geographical distribution 6 Ethnopharmacology 7 Commercialisation 8 Pharmacological evaluation 8.1 In vitro studies 8.1.1 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities 8.1.2 Antimicrobial activity 8.1.3 Anti-oxidant activity 8.1.4 Antiviral activity 8.1.5 Antimutagenic activity 8.1.6 Antiproliferative and apoptotic activities 8.1.7 Anti-androgenic activity 8.2 In vivo studies and clinical trials 8.2.1 Antiproliferative and apoptotic activities 8.2.2 Anti-asthmatic activity 8.2.3 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities 8.3 Safety 9 Phytochemistry Part B: Chemical profiling and quality control 10 Chromatography analysis 10.1 High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint analysis 10.2 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis 11 Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy analysis References Chapter 21 Sclerocarya birrea Part A: General overview 1 Synonyms 2 Common name(s) 3 Conservation status 4 Botany 5 Geographical distribution 6 Ethnopharmacology 7 Commercialisation 8 Pharmacological evaluation 8.1 In vitro studies 8.1.1 Anti-oxidant, anticancer and cytotoxic activity 8.1.2 Antidiarrhoeal activity 8.1.3 Antidiabetic and antihypertensive activity 8.1.4 Anti-inflammatory activity 8.1.5 Antimicrobial and antiparasitic activity 8.1.6 Antiplasmodial activity 8.1.7 Skin and anti-ageing properties 8.1.8 Other activities 8.2 In vivo studies and clinical trials 8.2.1 Antidiarrhoeal activity 8.2.2 Antidiabetic and antihypertensive activity 8.2.3 Anticonvulsant activity 8.2.4 Antiplasmodial properties 8.2.5 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties 8.2.6 Skin and anti-ageing properties 8.2.7 Aphrodisiac activity 8.2.8 Other effects 8.3 Safety 9 Phytochemistry 9.1 Volatile constituents 9.2 Non-volatile constituents Part B: Chemical profiling and quality control 10 Chromatography analysis 10.1 High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint analysis 10.1.1 Non-volatile fraction analysis 10.1.2 Seed oil analysis 10.2 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis 10.3 Gas chromatography (GC) analysis 11 Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy analysis 11.1 Powder analysis 11.2 Seed oil analysis References Chapter 22 Siphonochilus aethiopicus Part A: General overview 1 Synonyms 2 Common name(s) 3 Conservation status 4 Botany 5 Geographical distribution 6 Ethnopharmacology 7 Commercialisation 8 Pharmacological evaluation 8.1 In vitro studies 8.1.1 Antimicrobial activity 8.1.2 Anti-inflammatory activity 8.1.3 Other activities 8.2 In vivo studies and clinical trials 8.3 Safety 9 Phytochemistry 9.1 Volatile constituents 9.2 Non-volatile constituents Part B: Chemical profiling and quality control 10 Chromatography analysis 10.1 High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint analysis 10.2 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis 10.3 Gas chromatography (GC) analysis 11 Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy analysis References Chapter 23 Terminalia sericea Part A: General overview 1 Synonyms 2 Common name(s) 3 Conservation status 4 Botany 5 Geographical distribution 6 Ethnopharmacology 7 Commercialisation 8 Pharmacological evaluation 8.1 In vitro studies 8.1.1 Antimicrobial activity 8.1.2 Other activities 8.2 In vivo studies and clinical trials 8.3 Safety 9 Phytochemistry Part B: Chemical profiling and quality control 10 Chromatography analysis 10.1 High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint analysis 10.2 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis 11 Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy analysis References Chapter 24 Warburgia salutaris Part A: General overview 1 Synonyms 2 Common name(s) 3 Conservation status 4 Botany 5 Geographical distribution 6 Ethnopharmacology 7 Commercialisation 8 Pharmacological evaluation 8.1 In vitro studies 8.1.1 Antimicrobial activity 8.1.2 Antimycobacterial activity 8.1.3 Antiparasitic activity 8.1.4 Anti-inflammatory activity 8.1.5 Anticancer and antiviral activities 8.2 In vivo studies and clinical trials 8.2.1 Antimalarial activity 8.2.2 Anti-HIV-related infections 8.2.3 Other activities 8.3 Safety 9 Phytochemistry 9.1 Volatile constituents 9.2 Non-volatile constituents Part B: Chemical profiling and quality control 10 Chromatography analysis 10.1 High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint analysis 10.1.1 Non-volatile fraction analysis 10.1.2 Essential oil analysis 10.2 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis 10.3 Gas chromatography (GC) analysis 11 Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy analysis 11.1 Powder analysis 11.2 Essential oil analysis References Chapter 25 Xysmalobium undulatum Part A: General overview 1 Synonyms 2 Common name(s) 3 Conservation status 4 Botany 5 Geographical distribution 6 Ethnopharmacology 7 Commercialisation 8 Pharmacological evaluation 8.1 In vitro studies 8.1.1 Antidiarrhoeal activity 8.1.2 Central nervous system activity 8.1.3 Other activities 8.2 In vivo studies and clinical trials 8.3 Safety 9 Phytochemistry Part B: Chemical profiling and quality control 10 Chromatography analysis 10.1 High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint analysis 10.2 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis 11 Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy analysis References Index Back Cover