Rethinking Fascism And Dictatorship In Europe

Description

Fascism exerted a crucial ideological and political influence across Europe and beyond. Its appeal reached much further than the expanding transnational circle of 'fascists', crossing into the territory of the mainstream, authoritarian, and traditional right. Meanwhile, fascism's seemingly inexorable rise unfolded against the backdrop of a dramatic shift towards dictatorship in large parts of Europe during the 1920s and especially 1930s. These dictatorships shared a growing conviction that 'fascism' was the driving force of a new, post-liberal, fiercely nationalist and anti-communist order. The ten contributions to this volume seek to capture, theoretically and empirically, the complex transnational dynamic between interwar dictatorships. This dynamic, involving diffusion of ideas and practices, cross-fertilisation, and reflexive adaptation, muddied the boundaries between 'fascist' and 'authoritarian' constituencies of the interwar European right. Cover......Page 1 Contents......Page 6 List of Illustrations......Page 8 Foreword by Roger Griffin......Page 9 Acknowledgements......Page 21 Notes on Contributors......Page 22 List of Abbreviations......Page 25 Introduction......Page 30 Part I: Theoretical and Comparative Perspectives......Page 40 1 The ‘Fascist Effect’: On the Dynamics of Political Hybridization in Inter-War Europe......Page 42 2 Fascism and the Framework for Interactive Political Innovation during the Era of the Two World Wars......Page 71 3 The Nature of ‘Generic Fascism’: Complexity and Reflexive Hybridity......Page 96 4 Fascism, Corporatism and the Crafting of Authoritarian Institutions in Inter-War European Dictatorships......Page 116 Part II: Case Studies......Page 148 5 The Coming of the Dollfuss–Schuschnigg Regime and the Stages of its Development......Page 150 6 Salazar’s ‘New State’: The Paradoxes of Hybridization in the Fascist Era......Page 183 7 State and Regime in Early Francoism, 1936–45: Power Structures, Main Actors and Repression Policy......Page 205 8 Stages in the Development of the ‘Fourth of August’ Regime in Greece......Page 227 9 External Influences on the Evolution of Hungarian Authoritarianism, 1920–44......Page 248 10 A Continuum of Dictatorships: Hybrid Totalitarian Experiments in Romania, 1937–44......Page 262 Conclusion: Embracing Complexity and Transnational Dynamics: The Diffusion of Fascism and the Hybridization of Dictatorships in Inter-War Europe......Page 301 Select Bibliography......Page 312 Index......Page 313 Index......Page 0