COVID 19, Containment, Life, Work and Restart: Regional Studies

Description

This book is about containment, life, work, and restart regions affected by COVID 19, using selected empirical case studies. This book presents the spread of coronavirus spatially and temporally, analyses containment strategies and includes recommended strategies. Further, it analyses how life and work get transformed during the lockdown, and gradual opening up, and presents the future of work and life in cities impacted by COVID-19. This book discusses the concept of smart life and works in cities post-COVID-19 such that they do not reduce the quality of work and life and cannot create adverse economic and living consequences called the restart of a city after COVID-19. Selected Regions of special interest are studied. Special interest is because Kerala and Maharashtra got the worst affected in India by COVID 19 pandemic and the book focus on that.  Contents About the Editor Introduction COVID-19: Containment, Life, Work and Restart Urban and Regional Studies 1 The Virus Spread COVID-19 in Brief 2 The Serosurveys of India and Kerala 3 The Full Vaccination or Full Natural Immunity or Hybrid Immunity is not the Foolproof Remedy for COVID-19 Pandemic 4 Then What is the Solution? 5 Governance Responses of COVID-19 6 COVID-19-Related Urban Research and Design Issues, Requiring Answers 7 WHO Considers COVID-19 will be a Long Haul with the Ability to Spread Very Quickly and Social Distancing, Contact Tracing, Use of Hand Sanitizer, and Face Mask as the Only Effective Means to Curb the Spread 8 Bill Gates Predicts for Rich Countries COVID-19 Will Not be an Issue in 2021 and for Less Rich It Will be 9 Can COVID-19 be Eliminated in Future? (With Accessible Medical Infrastructure and Vaccines Under Development) so that no Need for any Change in City we Live and Work in Today, or will it Recur Periodically as a Fatal Infectious Disease (Like for Example TB and Even Though there is a BCG Vaccine) or the City Needs to Adapt and Change? 10 Is the Existing Practice of Top-Down Governance for COVID-19 (Practised with Far Incomplete Knowledgebase) within the Structure of Multi-level Government Successful or There is an Alternative Governance Approach Such as “A Bottoms-up or E-Governance for COVID-19” Possible? 11 The Status of Public Health Infrastructure and Its Resilience is Critical for COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Transformation to be Smart 12 Is There a post-COVID-19 City Distinctly Different from pre-COVID City? 13 If Different, What Way City Differ and What How-To Site Plan and Urban Design and Urban Management? 13.1 Then How Should be Site Planned, Urban Designed and Urban Managed? 14 Can this be done Better with the Existing Dictated Centralized Democratic Leadership of the Central Government Such as GOI, Federal State Government or Grass Root Level Decentralized City Governance and Community Based Execution as Part of the 12th Schedule of Constitution to Governance in India Supported Financially and Technically by all Higher and Multi-level Governance System? 15 The Urban Restart What and When 16 The Urban Restart: Outsmarting the Coronavirus 17 Two Concepts for the Public Realm for Work and Living: Carrying Capacity of Smart Public Realm [31–33] and New Urbanism for Smart Communities [34] for Post-COVID-19 Urban Restarts 18 Carrying Capacity of Public Realm 19 The Smart Asparsa New Urbanism Principles for Smart Community 20 Tools for Planning Asparsa New Urbanism in Smart Communities 21 Outline Approach and Methodology to Prevent Coronavirus Spread within the Public Realm 22 Outcome of COVID-19 Smart Digital Planning of the Public Realm 23 Intelligent GIS Modelling for COVID-19 24 Issue and Recommended Approach 25 Post-COVID-19 Urban Economic Restart—Many Options: Capitalist, Socialist or Sharing Economy, Mixed or 5G-Enabled Local or Global Economy 26 Tools for COVID-19 Promoting Urban Restart Project 27 Research Objectives of the COVID-19 Project 28 Approach Basics: COVID-19 Project 29 Outcome of Study 1: Improved Just in Time Information Based Regulations at Site Level for COVID-19 30 The Outcome of Studies 2 and 3 31 Living with COVID-19 32 Considerations in the Urban Restart for Living and Working 33 Outcome of Study 4: Design of Future of Living post-COVID-19 34 What is Life and Living and What is Smart Living on an Individual Level 35 Smart Living 36 Some Smart Living Initiatives and Thank GOD, We Have It Now! 37 Physical Well-Being 38 Mental Well-Being and COVID-19 39 The Social Health and Community Role in COVID-19 Pandemic 40 Ecological Health 41 Spatial Smart Living Strategies 42 Design for the Public Realm as Smart Living and Workspaces for Urban Regeneration 43 Smart Healthy Living for Smart Kozhikode Metropolitan Area [12] 44 Urban Regeneration of Smart Spaces in Kozhikode Metropolitan Area [67] 45 Smart Metropolitan Regional Development, Smart Economy and Smart Work in Kozhikode Metropolitan Area Post COVID-19 [68] 46 Basis for COVID-19 Contact Spread and Governance Prevention 47 Transmissions of COVID-19 Human to Human, Masks, and Common Preventive Measures 48 Transmissions of COVID-19 Human to Human, Preventive Measures for Cities References Delhi COVID-19 Pandemic and Urban Air Quality: Delhi Region 1 Introduction 2 COVID-19 Pandemic and Air Pollution: Related Studies 3 Study Area 4 Material and Methods 5 Results and Analysis 5.1 Reduction in NO2 During COVID-19 Induced Lockdown 5.2 Reduction in AOD and PM2.5 During COVID-19-Induced Lockdown 6 Conclusion Annexure: List of the Ground-Based Air Quality Monitoring Stations in the Delhi Region References Mumbai Metropolitan Region COVID Management Strategies and Techniques Adopted by the Municipal Corporations in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region 1 Introduction—The Pandemic and Its Impact 1.1 How India Looked at COVID 1.2 The Scenario in Maharashtra 2 Study Area 2.1 Objectives 2.2 Materials and Methods 3 The Outbreak and the Modus Operandi for Handling the Pandemic 3.1 Enforcement 3.2 Centralized Reporting and Classification of Cases 3.3 Creation of War Rooms 3.4 Range of Services for the Infected Patients 3.5 Quarantine Measures 4 Observations Reflecting Impact of the Pandemic in Different Municipal Corporations 4.1 Spatial Impact of the Pandemic in the BrihanMumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) 4.2 Measures Taken and Strategy Adopted by Thane Municipal Corporation (TMC) 4.3 Measures Taken and Strategy Adopted by Kalyan Dombivali Municipal Corporation (KDMC) 4.4 Measures Taken and Strategy Adopted by Vasai Virar Municipal Corporation (VVMC) 4.5 Measures Taken and Strategy Adopted by Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC) 4.6 Measures Taken and Strategy Adopted by Panvel Municipal Corporation (PMC) 4.7 Measures Taken and Strategy Adopted by Remaining Municipal Corporations 4.8 Overview of Measures Taken and Strategy Adopted by Different Municipal Corporations 5 Changes in Public Lifestyles and Urban Planning Approaches 6 Results and Discussion 7 Conclusions References Kerala Containment Strategies for COVID-19 Pandemic: The Past and Future 1 Introduction 2 Mitigation Strategies 3 Containment Strategies 3.1 WHO 3.2 India 3.3 Kerala 3.4 Factors Influencing Delineation of Containment Zones 3.5 Drawbacks 4 Spatial Models for Containment 4.1 Outlining an SOP for Containment 5 Conclusion References Conclusion Collaborative Research: ‘COVID-19: Containment, Life, Work and Restart: Regional Studies’ and Conclusions 1 Smart City Research and ‘COVID-19 Containment, Life, Work and Urban Restart’ 1.1 The International Collaborative Research Projects on “COVID-19 Containment, Life, Work and Urban Restart’ 1.2 Study City’s Locations 2 Design of the Collaborative Research Programme 3 Research Questions on Smart City and Region Research and COVID-19 Project 4 Scope of Research 5 Study Cities 6 Project Details 7 Way of Working the Programme 7.1 Integrating Smart City Research with Academic Programmes 7.2 Role of Students 7.3 Role of Faculty 7.4 Co-design and Co-production of Knowledge 7.5 Research Output 8 The Project Milestones 9 Summary of Conclusions and City Case Studies 9.1 COVID-19: Containment, Life, Work and Urban Restart 9.2 Tools for Planning Asparsa New Urbanism in Smart Communities 10 Tools for COVID-19 Preventing Urban Restart Project 11 Outcome of Study 1: Improved Just in Time Information-Based Regulations for COVID-19 12 A Smart City Shall Enable Safe Work and Smart Living in an Urban Restart. The Layer of COVOD 19 Prevention Discussed Above Needs to be Overlaid on That Design 12.1 COVID-19 Pandemic and Urban Air Quality: Delhi Region 12.2 Containment Strategies for COVID-19 Pandemic: The Past and Future 12.3 COVID Management Strategies and Techniques Adopted by the Municipal Corporations in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region 13 Results and Discussion 14 Conclusions References