Anticarbohydrate Antibodies: From Molecular Basis to Clinical Application

Description

Many pathogens and aberrant malignant cells express unique carbohydrates on their surface representing attractive targets for vaccine design. Considerable progress has recently been made in the identification of novel carbohydrate based vaccines and a large number has reached clinical phase studies. The success of several licensed carbohydrate based vaccines against bacterial pathogens such as Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis or Streptococcus pneumoniae demonstrates their great potential. However, the study of anti-carbohydrate antibodies is technically challenging and partly because of low affinities and promiscuous specificity they have not been medically exploited to full potential. The study of antibody specificities and identification of protective carbohydrate epitopes lies at the heart of successful vaccine design. In addition to therapy, antibodies in general serve as diagnostic tools in medical and scientific laboratories. In this setting high affinity and exquisite specificity are important factors for their successful use. “Anticarbohydrate Antibodies – from molecular basis to clinical application” compiles current knowledge on the immunological recognition of carbohydrates by the adaptive immune system from a molecular perspective providing fundamental insight needed for advancing clinically relevant diagnostics and therapeutic applications. Based on significant progress in the fields of glycoimmunology and structural biology in recent years, the book comprehensively reviews the state-of-the-art in defining the key elements of carbohydrate recognition by antibodies, the molecular mimicry of carbohydrate epitopes as well as the molecular features leading to specific and relaxed binding modes. Backed-up by a combination of modern technologies to elucidate structural details of carbohydrate-antibody interactions, biomedically important carbohydrate antigens from viral, bacterial, parasite, insect and tumor cells have been analyzed in in-depth reviews written by well-known experts in the field. Fundamental knowledge of these molecular mechanisms eventually provides a rational basis to improve efficacy of carbohydrate-based vaccines and to further refine diagnostic tools in detection of pathogens and malignant cells. Front Matter....Pages i-xiii Multidisciplinary Approaches to Study O-Antigen: Antibody Recognition in Support of the Development of Synthetic Carbohydrate-Based Enteric Vaccines....Pages 1-36 Synthetic Oligosaccharide Bacterial Antigens to Produce Monoclonal Antibodies for Diagnosis and Treatment of Disease Using Bacillus anthracis as a Case Study....Pages 37-54 The Role of Sialic Acid in the Formation of Protective Conformational Bacterial Polysaccharide Epitopes....Pages 55-73 Antibody Recognition of Chlamydia LPS: Structural Insights of Inherited Immune Responses....Pages 75-120 Designing a Candida albicans Conjugate Vaccine by Reverse Engineering Protective Monoclonal Antibodies....Pages 121-145 The Neutralizing Anti-HIV Antibody 2G12....Pages 147-160 Immune Recognition of Parasite Glycans....Pages 161-180 Human IgE Antibodies Against Cross-Reactive Carbohydrate Determinants....Pages 181-202 Structural Glycobiology of Antibody Recognition in Xenotransplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy....Pages 203-228 Carbohydrate Mimetic Peptide Vaccines....Pages 229-254 Antitumor Vaccines Based on Synthetic Mucin Glycopeptides....Pages 255-281 Glycan Microarray Analysis of Tumor-Associated Antibodies....Pages 283-306 A Novel Mannose 6-phosphate Specific Antibody Fragment for Diagnosis of Mucolipidosis type II and III....Pages 307-325 Anti-glycolipid Antibodies in Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Related Neuropathies: Therapeutic Strategies for Disease Treatment....Pages 327-359 Computational Techniques Applied to Defining Carbohydrate Antigenicity....Pages 361-383 The Interaction of Saccharides with Antibodies. A 3D View by Using NMR....Pages 385-402 Determination of Antibody Affinity by Surface Plasmon Resonance....Pages 403-429 Back Matter....Pages 431-438