ENGLISH

Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective

By Bryant Randal E. , O'Hallaron David Richard

Book information

Publisher
Pearson
Year
2010
ISBN
0136108040, 9780136108047
Language
english
Format
PDF
Filesize
7 MB (7399906 bytes)
Edition
2
Pages
1043\1078
Time added
2020-06-09 08:19:29

Description

For Computer Systems, Computer Organization and Architecture courses in CS, EE, and ECE departments. Few students studying computer science or computer engineering will ever have the opportunity to build a computer system. On the other hand, most students will be required to use and program computers on a near daily basis. Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective introduces the important and enduring concepts that underlie computer systems by showing how these ideas affect the correctness, performance, and utility of application programs. The text's hands-on approach (including a comprehensive set of labs) helps students understand the "under-the-hood" operation of a modern computer system and prepares them for future courses in systems topics such as compilers, computer architecture, operating systems, and networking. Visit the CSS:AP web page http://csapp.cs.cmu.edu for more information and resources. Contents Preface About the Authors 1 A Tour of Computer Systems 1.1 Information Is Bits + Context 1.2 Programs Are Translated by Other Programs into Different Forms 1.3 It Pays to Understand How Compilation Systems Work 1.4 Processors Read and Interpret Instructions Stored in Memory 1.4.1 Hardware Organization of a System 1.4.2 Running the hello Program 1.5 Caches Matter 1.6 Storage Devices Form a Hierarchy 1.7 The Operating System Manages the Hardware 1.7.1 Processes 1.7.2 Threads 1.7.3 Virtual Memory 1.7.4 Files 1.8 Systems Communicate with Other Systems Using Networks 1.9 Important Themes 1.9.1 Concurrency and Parallelism 1.9.2 The Importance of Abstractions in Computer Systems 1.10 Summary Bibliographic Notes Part I: Program Structure and Execution 2 Representing and Manipulating Information 2.1 Information Storage 2.2 Integer Representations 2.3 Integer Arithmetic 2.4 Floating Point 2.5 Summary Bibliographic Notes Homework Problems Solutions to Practice Problems 3 Machine-Level Representation of Programs 3.1 A Historical Perspective 3.2 Program Encodings 3.3 Data Formats 3.4 Accessing Information 3.5 Arithmetic and Logical Operations 3.6 Control 3.7 Procedures 3.8 Array Allocation and Access 3.9 Heterogeneous Data Structures 3.10 Putting It Together: Understanding Pointers 3.11 Life in the Real World: Using the GDB Debugger 3.12 Out-of-Bounds Memory References and Buffer Overflow 3.13 x86-64: Extending IA32 to 64 Bits 3.14 Machine-Level Representations of Floating-Point Programs 3.15 Summary Bibliographic Notes Homework Problems Solutions to Practice Problems 4 Processor Architecture 4.1 The Y86 Instruction Set Architecture 4.2 Logic Design and the Hardware Control Language HCL 4.3 Sequential Y86 Implementations 4.4 General Principles of Pipelining 4.5 Pipelined Y86 Implementations 4.6 Summary Bibliographic Notes Homework Problems Solutions to Practice Problems 5 Optimizing Program Performance 5.1 Capabilities and Limitations of Optimizing Compilers 5.2 Expressing Program Performance 5.3 Program Example 5.4 Eliminating Loop Inefficiencies 5.5 Reducing Procedure Calls 5.6 Eliminating Unneeded Memory References 5.7 Understanding Modern Processors 5.8 Loop Unrolling 5.9 Enhancing Parallelism 5.10 Summary of Results for Optimizing Combining Code 5.11 Some Limiting Factors 5.12 Understanding Memory Performance 5.13 Life in the Real World: Performance Improvement Techniques 5.14 Identifying and Eliminating Performance Bottlenecks 5.15 Summary Bibliographic Notes Homework Problems Solutions to Practice Problems 6 The Memory Hierarchy 6.1 Storage Technologies 6.2 Locality 6.3 The Memory Hierarchy 6.4 Cache Memories 6.5 Writing Cache-friendly Code 6.6 Putting It Together: The Impact of Caches on Program Performance 6.7 Summary Bibliographic Notes Homework Problems Solutions to Practice Problems Part II: Running Programs on a System 7 Linking 7.1 Compiler Drivers 7.2 Static Linking 7.3 Object Files 7.4 Relocatable Object Files 7.5 Symbols and Symbol Tables 7.6 Symbol Resolution 7.7 Relocation 7.8 Executable Object Files 7.9 Loading Executable Object Files 7.10 Dynamic Linking with Shared Libraries 7.11 Loading and Linking Shared Libraries from Applications 7.12 Position-Independent Code (PIC) 7.13 Tools for Manipulating Object Files 7.14 Summary Bibliographic Notes Homework Problems Solutions to Practice Problems 8 Exceptional Control Flow 8.1 Exceptions 8.2 Processes 8.3 System Call Error Handling 8.4 Process Control 8.5 Signals 8.6 Nonlocal Jumps 8.7 Tools for Manipulating Processes 8.8 Summary Bibliographic Notes Homework Problems Solutions to Practice Problems 9 Virtual Memory 9.1 Physical and Virtual Addressing 9.2 Address Spaces 9.3 VM as a Tool for Caching 9.4 VM as a Tool for Memory Management 9.5 VM as a Tool for Memory Protection 9.6 Address Translation 9.7 Case Study: The Intel Core i7/Linux Memory System 9.8 Memory Mapping 9.9 Dynamic Memory Allocation 9.10 Garbage Collection 9.11 Common Memory-Related Bugs in C Programs 9.12 Summary Bibliographic Notes Homework Problems Solutions to Practice Problems Part III: Interaction and Communication Between Programs 10 System-Level I/O 10.1 Unix I/O 10.2 Opening and Closing Files 10.3 Reading and Writing Files 10.4 Robust Reading and Writing with the Rio Package 10.5 Reading File Metadata 10.6 Sharing Files 10.7 I/O Redirection 10.8 Standard I/O 10.9 Putting It Together: Which I/O Functions Should I Use? 10.10 Summary Bibliographic Notes Homework Problems Solutions to Practice Problems 11 Network Programming 11.1 The Client-Server Programming Model 11.2 Networks 11.3 The Global IP Internet 11.4 The Sockets Interface 11.5 Web Servers 11.6 Putting It Together: The TINY Web Server 11.7 Summary Bibliographic Notes Homework Problems Solutions to Practice Problems 12 Concurrent Programming 12.1 Concurrent Programming with Processes 12.2 Concurrent Programming with I/O Multiplexing 12.3 Concurrent Programming with Threads 12.4 Shared Variables in Threaded Programs 12.5 Synchronizing Threads with Semaphores 12.6 Using Threads for Parallelism 12.7 Other Concurrency Issues 12.8 Summary Bibliographic Notes Homework Problems Solutions to Practice Problems A: Error Handling A.1 Error Handling in Unix Systems A.2 Error-Handling Wrappers References Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

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